Biomedical subjects

M Mukai

Publications and source records attributed to M Mukai.

408 records · Page 23Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

Vitiligo with primary hypothyroidism and hypoacusis: a case report.

A 48-year-old female patient with vitiligo developed primary hypothyroidism and hypoacusis. The signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism improved with thyroid hormone replacement therapy but hypoacusis did not. The coexistence of vitiligo and thyroid disease is uncommon and the additional association of hypoacusis is very rare. There may be a common autoimmune pathogenesis for the three disorders. Vitiligo may be a diagnostically useful sign which suggests the presence of multiple autoimmune diseases.

Female↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Alveolar soft part sarcoma: an electron microscopic study especially of uncrystallized granules using a tannic acid-containing fixative.

Electron microscopic observation of alveolar soft part sarcoma reveals crystalline structure as well as granules that are only partially composed of crystalloids. The uncrystallized part has been observed only as a dense amorphous substance by the conventional fixation method with glutaraldehyde or osmium tetroxide (or both). Some investigators have explained the uncrystallized areas as artifacts due to the fixation method and as being essentially crystallized; other investigators consider the dense amorphous material the prodromal state of crystallization. In this study, however, which used the fixation method most appropriate for the intracytoplasmic filaments (fixation in tannic acid-containing glutaraldehyde and postfixation in osmium tetroxide) after increasing the permeability of the filaments to the fixative by pretreatment with a nonionic detergent (Triton X-100), the uncrystallized part was revealed to consist of an aggregation of many uncrystallized filaments with the same diameter (6 nm) as that of the crystallized filamentous structures. That is, the uncrystallized part was found to have been present as the prodromal state of crystallization and as filaments.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The expression of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 in patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma invaded to the submucosal and proper muscle layer.

The expression of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 was examined immunohistochemically in a total of 87 colorectal cancer patients. The expression of MMP-2 was in cancer cells: 76.5% (sm), 16.7% (pm), in cancer interstitial region: 92.2% (sm), 58.3% (pm), in transitional mucosal cells: 74.3% (sm), 17.1% (pm) and in transitional mucosal interstitial region: 80.0% (sm), 31.4% (pm). The expression of TIMP-2 was in cancer cells: 41.2% (sm), 16.7% (pm), in cancer interstitial region: 82.4% (sm), 69.4% (pm), in transitional mucosal cells: 57.1% (sm), 22.9% (pm) and in transitional mucosal interstitial region: 89.3% (sm), 57.1% (pm). These results suggest that the expression of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 is induced in the sm cancer stage and is closely related to interactions in the cancer interstitial region for invasion and metastasis in patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The expression of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 in patients with primary colorectal adenocarcinoma: correlation with liver metastasis.

The expression of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 was examined immunohistochemically in a total of 36 colorectal cancer patients with synchronous liver metastasis at the time of surgery, and the serum MMP-2 and TIMP-2 levels were also measured in a total of 58 colorectal cancer patients with/without liver metastasis following primary colorectal surgical resection for serological comparison. Although MMP-2 exhibited a significant expression immunohistochemically in the primary colorectal cancer (p<0.05) and TIMP-2 in the synchronous liver metastasis (p<0.01), there was no relationship between the absence/presence of liver metastasis and serum MMP-2 and TIMP-2 levels, respectively. These results suggest that it can be considered difficult to use serum MMP-2 and TIMP-2 levels to predict the status of liver metastasis following primary resection in patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Long-term survival after immunochemotherapy for juvenile colon cancer with peritoneal dissemination: a case report.

A 20 year-old man was hospitalized with an abdominal mass and abdominal distension. Investigations resulted in a diagnosis of ileus caused by advanced colon cancer with peritoneal dissemination to the pouch of Douglas. Palliative surgery was performed to relieve bowel obstruction and debulk the tumor. Histopathological examination showed that the tumor was a mucinous adenocarcinoma invading the serosa without lymph node metastasis. Ascites collected during the operation was diagnosed as class V. Administration of PSK (3.0 g/day) and UFT (600 mg/day) as adjuvant immunochemotherapy was started postoperatively to achieve tumor dormancy. He has been followed as an outpatient for 2.5 years with no ascites or abdominal symptoms.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Further evidence that altered p16/CDKN2 gene expression is associated with lymph node metastasis in squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus.

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has high malignant potential with a poor outcome. Lymph node metastasis is the most useful indicator for predicting the outcome of ESCC. The p16/MTS1/CDKN2 gene and the cyclin D1/PRAD-1 gene cooperatively regulate CDK4-mediated phosphorylation of RB protein in the cell cycle. We immunohistochemically detected p16, cyclin D1, and RB expressions in both primary lesions and metastatic lymph nodes in ESCC. Among the 50 ESCC primary lesions, 24 (48%) were positive for p16, while 26 (52%) were negative for p16. Sixteen (32%) were p16-positive, 34 (68%) were p16-negative among the 50 ESCC metastatic lymph nodes. Eight cases (16%) were p16-positive in primary lesion and p16-negative in lymph node, however, no cases that was p16-negative in the primary tumor exhibited p16-positivity in metastatic lymph nodes (p < 0.0001). Seventeen (34%) of the 50 ESCC primary lesions were cyclin D1-positive, while 33 (66%) were cyclin D1-negative. Twenty-four (48%) were cyclin D1-positive, 26 (52%) were cyclin D1-negative among the 50 metastatic lymph nodes. Five cases (10%) were cyclin D1-positive in primary lesion and cyclin D1-negative in lymph node, and 12 cases (24%) were cyclin D1-negative in primary lesion and cyclin D1-positive in lymph nodes. Nine cases (18%) were RB-negative in 50 primary lesions, and the rate of loss of RB expression in metastatic lymph nodes was not markedly higher than in primary lesions. Thirty-nine (78%) of 50 primary lesions and 46 (92%) of 50 metastatic lymph nodes had altered expression of at least one of the three G1 control genes. Tumor cell with disruption of these cell cycle regulators can get a growth advantage and metastatic potential during tumor progression, especially p16/CDKN2 alterations may be associated with lymph node metastasis in ESCC. These results also suggest that tumor cells in metastatic lymph nodes may have more aggressive proliferation and higher malignant potential than tumor cells in primary lesions.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Three-dimensional helical CT for treatment planning of breast cancer.

PURPOSE: The role of three-dimensional (3D) helical CT in the treatment planning of breast cancer was evaluated. METHODS: Of 36 patients examined, 30 had invasive ductal carcinoma, three had invasive lobular carcinoma, one had DCIS, one had DCIS with minimal invasion, and 1 had Paget's disease. Patients were examined in the supine position. The whole breast was scanned under about 25 seconds of breath-holding using helical CT (Proceed, Yokogawa Medical Systems, or High-speed Advantage, GE Medical Systems). 3D imaging was obtained with computer assistance (Advantage Windows, GE Medical Systems). RESULTS: Linear and/or spotty enhancement on helical CT was considered to suggest DCIS or intraductal spread in the area surrounding the invasive cancer. Of 36 patients, 24 showed linear and/or spotty enhancement on helical CT, and 22 of those 24 patients had DCIS or intraductal spread. In contrast, 12 of 36 patients were considered to have little or no intraductal spread on helical CT, and eight of the 12 patients had little or no intraductal spread on pathological examination. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy rates for detecting intraductal spread on MRI were 85%, 80%, and 83%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: 3D helical CT was considered useful in detecting intraductal spread and planning surgery, however, a larger study using a precise correlation with pathology is necessary.

Breast Neoplasms↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Preoperative evaluation by whole-body 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in patients with primary colorectal cancer.

Whole-body positron emission tomography (WB PET) was performed preoperatively in 24 patients with primary colorectal cancer, and the results were compared with the histopathological findings. The PET positive rate was 95.8% (23/24 patients) for the primary tumor. Among nine patients with histologically confirmed lymph node metastasis, two (22.2%) were positive by PET, including one with n1 and one with n4 disease. Among 15 patients without lymph node metastasis histopathologically (n0), two (13.3%) showed false-positive nodes on PET, being diagnosed as n1 and n3 disease, respectively. These results suggest that preoperative PET is useful for the diagnosis of primary colorectal cancer, but it is of limited value for detecting metastasis to the regional lymph nodes surrounding the primary lesion.

Colorectal Neoplasms↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Corticobasal degeneration: an autopsy case clinically diagnosed as progressive supranuclear palsy.

We report an autopsy case diagnosed clinically as progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), but neuropathologically confirmed as corticobasal degeneration (CBD). A 56-year-old Japanese woman slowly developed parkinsonism, dementia, character change, followed by vertical gaze palsy and dystonia. Brain MRI demonstrated diffuse cerebral atrophy with severe shrinkage of the brain stem tegmentum. The SPECT images using 123I-IMP disclosed symmetrical hypoperfusion in the frontal lobes. She died of respiratory failure at the age of 71. Gross inspection of the brain showed diffuse, symmetrical atrophy of the cerebrum and marked atrophy of the Luysian body, globus pallidus, substantia nigra and nuclei of the brain stem tegmentum. Microscopically, neuronal loss and fibrillary gliosis were observed in the Luysian body, globus pallidus, substantia nigra and nuclei of the brain stem tegmentum. The cerebellar dentate nucleus showed mild neuronal loss with some grumose degeneration. Neurofibrillary tangles were found only in the Luysian body, substantia nigra and raphe nuclei, whilst tau-positive inclusions were observed more extensively. Astrocytic plaques and swollen achromatic neurones were found in the postcentral gyrus. There were no tuft-shaped astrocytes in the brain. The clinicopathological similarities and differences between PSP and CBD are discussed.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Quintuple carcinomas with metachronous triple cancer of the esophagus, kidney, and colonic conduit following synchronous double cancer of the stomach and duodenum.

A patient who had undergone radical gastrectomy for synchronous gastric cancer (T(1)N(0)M(0), stage I) and duodenal cancer (Tis, stage 0) in November 1987 was found to have esophageal cancer in November 1994, and underwent radical thoracolaparotomy at our hospital (T(1)N(0)M(0), stage I). After follow-up for about 3.5 years, renal cancer was detected in April 1998, and radical nephrectomy was performed (T(1)N(0)M(0), stage I). Two years later, in April 2000, the patient was found to have a polypoid lesion in the colonic conduit used for reconstruction after esophagectomy, and endoscopic mucosal resection was performed (Tis, stage 0). The patient remains under careful follow-up, including observation of the colonic conduit and the residual large intestine.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Cytologic and biologic studies of endometrioid carcinoma of the ovary.

The cytologic findings in an ovarian endometrioid carcinoma were investigated, and biologic characterization was performed. Cytologic findings from the ascitic fluid revealed characteristics of adenocarcinoma, such as fine cytoplasm, anisochromasia and prominent nucleoli; findings characteristic of endometrioid carcinoma of the ovary were not found, though a cluster of carcinoma cells on imprinted smears was similar to that of endometrial carcinoma cells. A morphologic comparison between the cells from the ascitic fluid and cells cultured from the ovarian endometrioid carcinoma showed their similarity. Biologic characterization showed a modal chromosome number of 103, a 74.4-hour population doubling time of the cell line and 0 plating efficiency. Heterotransplantation was achieved in one of the four hamsters (25%).

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Asymptomatic intrahepatic choledochal cyst associated with chronic active hepatitis C.

A rare case of asymptomatic congenital choledochal cyst (Todani Type V) associated with chronic active hepatitis C is reported. A 45 year-old man was admitted for work-up of localized cystic dilatation of the intrahepatic bile ducts after effective interferon treatment for chronic active hepatitis C. Radiologic examination revealed localized cystic dilatation of the intrahepatic bile ducts in the atrophic left lobe. A left hepatic lobectomy was performed because malignancy had not been excluded. Macroscopic examination of the resected specimen revealed cystic dilatation of the intrahepatic bile ducts. Histologically, there was no evidence of malignancy. Hepatic lobectomy is the treatment of choice for Type V cysts if the disease is confined to a single lobe. Choledochal cysts should be excised to eliminate the potential for cholangitis, lithiasis, and carcinoma.

Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic↗