Autotransfusion of shed mediastinal blood after cardiac operations.
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Blood Loss, Surgical↗
Biomedical subjects
M Muñoz
Publications and source records attributed to M Muñoz.
Effect of interferon and 2',5'-oligoadenylates on rotavirus RNA synthesis.
Based on the antiviral effect of interferon on rotavirus replication the inhibitory effect of 2',5'-oligoadenylates on MRNA and double-stranded RNA synthesis was studied using an in vitro assay. The chemically synthesized oligonucleotides were used to determine several characteristics of the inhibitory effect, such as chain length, presence of phosphate residues at the 5'-end, and the 2',5'-phosphodiester bond itself. In vitro transcription was inhibited by oligos with 5 or more adenine residues at a final concentration of 100 microM or greater. This result makes rotavirus transcriptase different from other viruses in which the inhibitory effects are associated with dinucleotides and trinucleotides. The inhibitory effect was increased when the oligo contained a phosphate residue at the 5'-end; in this case, inhibition was also seen at lower oligo concentrations as well as at shorter oligo chain length. The study of the kinetics of inhibition showed that the inhibition by p(A2'p5')(3)3A was competitive with a Ki value of 256 microM. The effect of the oligonucleotides on the in vitro viral RNA replication showed that the 2',5'-oligoadenylates were not able to significantly inhibit the in vitro rotavirus RNA synthesis. The lack of inhibition in the in vitro assay was very peculiar since RNA transcription and replication involves the viral RNA polymerase, VP1.
Adenine Nucleotides↗
Antiviral activity of phosphonoformate on rotavirus transcription and replication.
The antiviral effect of foscarnet (PFA) on the replication of rotavirus, a member of the Reoviridae, was studied. The pyrophosphate analogue is an effective inhibitor of several viral polymerases acting on the enzyme pyrophosphate binding site. Replication of rotavirus in MA104 cells using different u.o.i. was inhibited by PFA in a concentration dependent manner, due to the inhibition of both plus- and minus-strand RNA synthesis. The addition of PFA to infected cells was specific for the inhibition of viral replication since uninfected cell incubated at the same PFA concentrations did not exhibit any cytotoxic effect. The 50% inhibitory effect of PFA on in vitro mRNA synthesis was obtained at a concentration of 150 microM. Over 80% of the in vitro minus-strand RNA synthesis was inhibited at a concentration of 320 microM, when PFA was assayed using replicase-enriched cell infected fraction. The results suggest that the effect may be due to an interaction of PFA with the viral polymerase, since this protein catalyses both plus- and minus-strand RNA synthesis. The results of experiments using the temperature-sensitive viral polymerase mutant show that the mutant is less sensitive to PFA, suggesting that this polypeptide is the target for PFA.
Animals↗
The trochlear nucleus of the frog Rana ridibunda: localization, morphology and ultrastructure of identified motoneurons.
The organization of the trochlear nucleus (N IV) was investigated in the frog Rana ridibunda. Retrograde tracing with horseradish peroxidase and biotinylated dextran amines resulted in labeling on the contralateral N IV of motoneurons with diverse morphologies and in direct caudal continuation with the oculomotor nucleus. Their dendritic arborizations extend profusely in the ipsilateral tegmentum and reach the oculomotor nucleus, the fasciculus longitudinalis medialis and also small processes branch towards the ventricle. Occasionally, one to three cells are labeled in the ipsilateral N IV, whereas mesencephalic trigeminal cells that would send their peripheral branch in the IVth nerve are never observed. The course of the labeled trochlear axons varies depending on the localization within the N IV of their cells of origin and different points of decussation are present above the midbrain ventricle. The ultrastructural analysis of identified trochlear motoneurons shows numerous axo-somatic synaptic contacts and six types of terminals with variable morphologies have been observed. Among them, a peculiar type of axon terminal forms mixed junctions with synaptic specializations and gap junctions together in the membrane interfaces that could represent the simultaneous presence of a chemical as well as an electrical component. The present data give more insights into the organization of the N IV and demonstrate that, although the organization of the trochlear nucleus is highly conservative in gnathostome vertebrates, it shows specific features for each species studied, as demonstrated for amphibians.
Animals↗
Prevalence of neutralizing antibodies to 9 rotavirus strains representing 7 G-serotypes in sheep sera.
Neutralizing antibodies to 9 rotavirus strains representing serotypes G1, G3, G5, G6, G8, G9, and G10 were investigated in 212 ovine serum samples from 3 age groups, 1-week-old lambs, 2- to 3-months-old lambs and adult sheep. All sera from 1-week-old lambs had neutralizing antibodies to all 9 rotavirus strains. Both neutralizing antibody titers and prevalences to all 9 strains markedly decreased in the 2- to 3-months-old lamb group and increased again in the adult sheep group. Also, adult sheep sera neutralized a larger number of rotavirus strains than 2- to 3-months-old lamb sera. The highest neutralizing antibody titers and prevalences were found to strains B223 and K923, representing serotype G10, to strain RRV, representing serotype G3, and to strain NCDV, representing serotype G6, indicating that these could be the predominant 3 rotavirus serotypes in Spanish sheep. The rotavirus serotypes infecting sheep observed by us differ from those described for cattle, where G6 is the most prevalent serotype followed by G10, and G3 has been seldom found. Very low prevalences were observed for strains WA and OSU representing serotypes G1 and G5 respectively, suggesting that they probably do not infect sheep and neutralizing antibodies found are derived from heterotypic responses to other serotypes. Intermediate prevalences and titers were found to strains UK (serotype G6), 69M (serotype G8) and WI61 (serotype G9). Neutralizing antibodies distinguished between different strains sharing their VP7 specificity: B223 and K923, a bovine and an ovine serotype G10 strains, and NCDV and UK, two serotype G6 bovine rotavirus strains with different VP4 antigen.
Aging↗
Comparative antimicrobial study of the resinous exudates of some Chilean Haplopappus (Asteraceae).
The antimicrobiol properties and preliminary chemical information of the resinous exudates from twigs and leaves of nine Haplopappus species from Chile: H. diplopappus; H. anthylloides; H. schumannii; H. cuneifolius; H. velutinus; H. uncinatus; H. multifolius, H. illinitus and H. foliosus are presented. The results show that those species of genus Haplopappus share similar antimicrobial activities although they differ dramatically in the chemical composition.
Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
Open-angle glaucoma after pars plicata lensectomy and vitrectomy for congenital cataracts.
PURPOSE/METHODS: We examined an infant with familial cataracts in whom bilateral open-angle glaucoma developed shortly after pars plicata lensectomy with anterior vitrectomy. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS: Some eyes with congenital nuclear cataracts have a predisposition to develop glaucoma after removal of the cataract, which is irrespective of the method chosen to remove the cataract. Careful monitoring of the intraocular pressure is indicated.
Cataract↗
Appearance of resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics during therapy for Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis.
A young boy had meningitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae that was relatively resistant to penicillin and susceptible to cefotaxime. After 10 days of therapy with penicillin and cefotaxime, fever recurred and a second lumbar puncture revealed a pneumococcus that was resistant to all beta-lactam antibiotics. We now add vancomycin to empiric third-generation cephalosporin therapy for meningitis in children when gram-positive cocci are seen on the cerebrospinal fluid smear.
Cefuroxime↗
Microphthalmos, facial capillary hemangioma and Dandy-Walker malformation.
We present a 6-month-old girl with the unusual combination of microphthalmos, facial capillary hemangioma and Dandy-Walker malformation. This is the fourth case with such an association reported in the literature. On the basis of the experience with our patient and with those previously reported, we stress the importance of performing brain-imaging studies on all infants with large facial hemangiomas, or if unusual ophthalmic findings are present.
Abnormalities, Multiple↗
High myopia following excessive occlusion therapy in the first year of life.
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Amblyopia↗
Modifications in the distribution of met-enkephalin in the limbic system of the cat brain after electroacupuncture. An immunocytochemical study.
The distribution of met-enkephalin in the limbic system of the cat brain and its modification after low frequency electroacupuncture (EA) stimulation have been studied experimentally using the indirect immunocytochemistry technique. A marked increase of post-stimulation met-enkephalin immunoreactivity was observed in the tractus habenulo-penduncularis, tractus mamilo-thalamicus, and medial forebrain bundle, and a decrease at the level of the nucleus interpeduncularis, medialis dorsalis, stria terminals, septalis lateralis, septalis medialis, accumbens septi, supraopticus, and amygdaloideus centralis. The experimental results link the changes in immunoreactivity (and therefore the structures in which they take place) with the action of low frequency EA, and permit the conclusion that the met-enkephalinergic portion of the limbic system studied is directly related morpho-functionally with analgesia and the anatomic pathways of pain.
Animals↗
Acquired double elevator palsy in a child with a pineocytoma.
PURPOSE/METHODS: We examined an 8-year-old girl who had an acquired double elevator palsy and a histopathologically confirmed benign pineocytoma. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS: Mass lesions in the region of the pineal gland can produce monocular blepharoptosis and supranuclear upgaze paresis with the resultant clinical picture of double elevator palsy.
Blepharoptosis↗
Inferior rectus muscle overaction after cataract extraction.
PURPOSE/METHODS: I reviewed the motility of two patients who had binocular vertical diplopia after cataract operations with peribulbar anesthesia. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS: The binocular diplopia in these patients was a result of inferior rectus muscle overaction in the absence of restriction or weakness of the antagonist muscle. The mechanism could be related to myotoxicity of the anesthetic agents.
Aged↗
Leiomyosarcoma of the soft tissues in a patient with nevoid basal-cell carcinoma syndrome.
A 57-year-old man was admitted with complaints of progressive anorexia, weight loss and right flank pain. He had been treated for basal-cell carcinoma of the skin 19 years before. On physical examination, eight moles in the face, back and left thigh were found along with palmar pits. In addition, a painful induration in his right thigh was evident. Biopsy proved that six moles were basal-cell carcinomas and the thigh mass a high-grade leiomyosarcoma. Computed tomographs revealed multiple metastases in the lungs and the liver. The patient was treated with epirubicin, with partial response, and subsequently with ifosfamide. He died 17 months after diagnosis. Whereas the world literature records several cases of soft tissue tumors in patients with nevoid basal-cell carcinoma syndrome, this is the first report of a simultaneous occurrence of leiomyosarcoma and nevoid basal-cell carcinoma syndrome.
Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome↗
Clinical and echographic findings in idiopathic orbital myositis.
We performed a retrospective chart review of 100 patients with idiopathic orbital myositis, who were of ages 9 to 84 years. Data from 75 patients gave the following results. Females were affected more than twice as often as males. Fifty-one patients (68%) had single muscle involvement, with the lateral and medial recti affected most frequently (38 cases [33%] and 33 cases [29%] of muscles, respectively). In 34 patients (45%), affected muscles functioned normally; the remaining 55% (63 muscles) were fairly equally distributed between paretic (20%), restrictive (20%), or combined paretic and restrictive (15%) myopathies. Analysis of muscle function, echographic findings, and duration of symptoms indicates that within days of onset of symptoms, the affected muscle is initially enlarged but retains normal function. Within the first two weeks, continued enlargement results in muscle paresis. The muscle may then enter a partially or completely restrictive phase, which may become permanent. Fifty-one patients (68%) responded well to systemic corticosteroids, although 11 patients (15%) had further recurrences of the disease. Seven patients (9%) later developed thyroid eye disease after initially having unimuscular orbital myositis. We advocate early institution of corticosteroids in order to avoid permanent restrictive myopathies.
Adolescent↗
Spinothalamic projections in amphibians as revealed with anterograde tracing techniques.
Direct spinothalamic pathways were demonstrated in anurans (Rana ridibunda, Xenopus laevis) and in the ribbed newt, Pleurodeles waltl. With the powerful anterograde tracers Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin and biotinylated dextran amine, rather extensive spinothalamic projections were found, including the ventromedial thalamic nucleus, the dorsal thalamus and several posterior diencephalic nuclei (anurans), and the neuropil lateral to the pars ventralis thalami as well as to the anteroventral and posterodorsal zones (P. waltl), respectively.
Animals↗
Stability of carboplatin in 5% glucose solution in glass, polyethylene and polypropylene containers.
The degradation of carboplatin (3.2 mg ml-1) in 5% glucose infusion solution at 25 degrees C and protected from light was investigated. The effects of the material of the container and temperature were also studied. Solutions were prepared in 5% glucose solution and stored in glass bottles, polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) containers at 40, 50 and 60 degrees C and at 25 degrees C +/- 1 degrees C. Samples were assayed by an HPLC method to determine the residual carboplatin concentration at each time of sampling. Carboplatin degradation followed pseudo-first-order kinetics and no dependence on the nature of the container was found. After 1 month at 25 degrees (+/- 1 degrees)C the change in carboplatin concentration was < 2% of the initial concentration in 5% glucose. These results are in agreement with those predicted by the application of the Arrhenius equation.
Carboplatin↗
The dorsal column-medial lemniscal projection of anuran amphibians.
The efferent connections of the dorsal column nucleus (DCN) of the anuran amphibians Rana ridibunda and Xenopus laevis have been studied by means of bidirectionally transported tracers. Efferent projections from the DCN innervate the spinal cord, tegmentum of the brain stem, cerebellum, torus semicircularis and thalamus. The pattern of connectivity of the anuran DCN is largely comparable to that of amniotic vertebrates although some peculiarities are found.
Animals↗