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Biomedical subjects

M Motoyama

Publications and source records attributed to M Motoyama.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

The clinical efficacy of gamete intrafallopian transfer by minilaparotomy versus in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical performance of gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) and in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET). METHODS: Infertile women were divided into 2 groups: for GIFT, 239 patients (326 cycles) with at least 1 patent tube; and, for IVF-ET, 125 patients (210 cycles) with bilateral tubal occlusion. A specially designed retractor was developed to replace the gametes into an appropriate section of the Fallopian tube accurately and safely. Several parameters, including the pregnancy and delivery rates of each group, were compared. RESULTS: The success rate per trial in the GIFT group was approximately 1.5 times higher than that in the IVF group (pregnancy rate: 44.2% vs. 31.0%, p < 0.01; delivery rate: 33.4% vs. 22.9%, p < 0.01). The pregnancy and delivery rates of GIFT decreased steadily with the number of trials. These apparent decreases were not observed up to the 3rd trial in IVF-ET cases. CONCLUSIONS: GIFT with a minilaparotomy procedure yielded significantly higher success rates than IVF-ET. Accordingly, GIFT is considered to be the first treatment choice in infertility cases with at least 1 patent Fallopian tube.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Leukopenia-inducing effect of a combination of a new 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-derived drug, BOF-A2 (emitefur), with other 5-FU-derived drugs or BV-araU (sorivudine) in rats.

BOF-A2 (emitefur: 3-(3-[6-benzoyloxy-3-cyano-2-pyridyloxycarbonyl]benzoyl)-1-ethoxy- methyl-5- fluorouracil), a novel 5-FU (5-fluorouracil)-derived drug, was co-administered with other conventional 5-FU-derived drugs or BV-araU [sorivudine: 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-(E)-5-(2-bromovinyluracil)] for 8 consecutive days to rats. BOF-A2 (6 or 8 mg/kg, p.o.) co-administered with other 5-FU-derived drugs elevated the plasma 5-FU concentration 3- to 23.3-fold and decreased the peripheral white blood cell (WBC). The percentage decreases of WBC by 5-FU (4 mg/kg, i.p.), UFT (16 mg/kg, p.o.), tegafur (FT; 16 mg/kg, p.o.), carmofur (HCFU; 15 mg/kg, p.o.), doxifluridine (5'-DFUR; 16 mg/kg, p.o.) and flucytosine (200 mg/kg, p.o.) were 25.7%, 31.9%, 70.3%, 32.0%, 58.6% and 30.0%, respectively, compared with each drug alone. On the other hand, these phenomena did not occur with BV-araU. These findings can be attributed to the fact that the inhibitory activity of CNDP (3-cyano-2,6-dihydroxypyridine) for 5-FU degradation (IC50: 6.3 x 10(-9) M) is potent and 6000 times greater than that of BVU [(E)-5-(2-bromovinyl) uracil], another inhibitor of 5-FU degradation.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

The effects of long-term low intensity aerobic training and detraining on serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in elderly men and women.

The effects of long-term low intensity aerobic training and detraining on serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations were examined in 30 elderly men and women. These subjects were randomly divided into two groups. The training group [n = 15; 7 men and 8 women; mean age 75.5 (SD 5.6) years] agreed to take part in physical training using a treadmill with an exercise intensity at the blood lactate concentration threshold for 30 min 3-6 times a week for 9 months. The other group [n = 15; 7 men and 8 women; mean age 73.7 (SD 4.4) years] did not perform any particular physical training and was followed as the control. Following this training period the high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) had increased significantly (P < 0.01) while the total cholesterol (TC):HDL-C ratio had decreased significantly (P < 0.01) in the training group after 9 months but had not changed in the control group. The TC, triglyceride (TG) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) had not changed significantly in either group. No significant difference was seen between the groups throughout the period for TC. LDL-C or TG. There was, however, a significant correlation between the initial TC:HDL-C ratio and the change in the TC:HDL-C ratio following 3 months of training (P < 0.05). After 1 month of detraining in 5 patients, the HDL-C had decreased significantly (P < 0.05) while the TC:HDL-C had increased significantly in the training group (P < 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1995

[Pharmacokinetics of balofloxacin in the intraocular tissues of pigmented rabbits].

We performed the pharmacokinetics of balofloxacin in plasma and intraocular tissues in pigmented rabbits upon its oral administration. The penetrations of balofloxacin into plasma and aqueous humor of the anterior chamber reached their peaks of 6.46 micrograms/ml and 0.70 microgram/ml, respectively, and the ratio of drug concentration in aqueous humor to that of plasma was 0.12 at 1 hour after an oral administration of 20 mg/kg. Concentrations in plasma and aqueous humor of the anterior chamber reached 0.27 microgram/ml and 0.18 microgram/ml, respectively, at The T 1/2 (alpha) and T 1/2 (beta) of the drug in aqueous humor were longer than those in plasma The T 1/2 (alpha) and T 1/2 (beta) of the drug in aqueous humor were longer than those in plasma at a dose of 20 mg/kg. The concentrations in iris and ciliary body were much higher than in any other intraocular tissue in 24 hours after single administration of 20 mg/kg, and those concentrations remained at high levels for a long time.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1995

[Exposure to blood during midwifery procedures--blood contact events to midwives occurred in a delivery room].

Midwives are often exposed to blood during delivery procedures. A study aimed at clarifying actual status of blood contact during midwifery procedures was performed. Observations in a delivery room were conducted to record blood contact events experienced by midwives from the time of episiotomy until 2 hour after expulsion of the placenta. All gloves used by midwives were collected and tested for holes. Blood contact was defined as any contact with blood of a parturition woman as recognized visually by an observer. During a one-month study period data was obtained from a total of 19 midwives (12 midwives and 7 student midwives) who assisted in 8 deliveries. All of the midwives wore gowns with long sleeves, gloves and caps but did not use eye protection or masks. None of the parturient women had Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Deliveries caused widespread blood exposure to the midwives throughout the complete course. Protection from most of this exposure was provided by the gowns and gloves. However, direct blood contacts occurred to the fingers, hands or forearms in several midwives. These events were caused by partly because the midwives unintentionally performed procedures without gloves and partly because blood penetrated the gown and soaked to the skin. Direct blood contacts to the foot in two midwives and to the mouth in one also occurred. The overall perforation rate for gloves examined was 4 out of 154 (2.6%). Two gloves were broken during washing sharp instruments contaminated with blood, one was torn when wearing, and the remaining one appeared to have had a hole prior to use.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[Exposure to blood during midwifery operations--a questionnaire study].

A self-administered questionnaire was mailed to all midwives working in Nara Prefecture to investigate blood exposure events at delivery and to consider protective measures for the exposure. Out of the 203 midwives 193 responded to the questionnaire. The median number of deliveries in which the midwives had assisted within the past one year was 35 after excluding those who had not assisted in deliveries at all. The incidence of needle-stick injuries was estimated to be 86.2 per 100 persons within the past one year. The occurrence in the subgroup who had worked as midwife for less than 5 years was 2-3 times higher than that in those who worked for more than 5 years. Over 90% of the midwives had experiences of direct blood contact events to the skin while assisting in their 10 most recent deliveries. Blood contact events occurred in the finger-hand-arm area in 85% of the midwives, on the legs in 62%, in the face in 20% and in the eyes in 1%. Around 20% of the midwives had unintentionally sucked amniotic fluid when using a tracheal catheter on a newborn. The most common occasion where direct blood contact events occurred was while bathing an infant for removing blood and amniotic fluid. The midwives wore a disposal gown more often when assisting in labors of parturient women infected with blood-born infectious diseases than without the diseases, and similarly for wearing gloves when measuring blood loss and for usage of a mechanical device for sucking amniotic fluid in the tracheae of an infant. Based on the results obtained in this questionnaire study and our previous study about blood contact events observed in a delivery room, protective measures for midwives against exposure to blood at delivery are required and some ideas are presented.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1994

Angiotensin II formation by an alternative pathway during exercise in humans.

OBJECTIVE: We postulated a 'kinin-tensin system' in which angiotensin II (Ang II) is cleaved by one or more serine protease independent of renin or angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE). The aim was to determine whether this alternative Ang II-forming pathway by serine proteases participates in the rise in plasma levels of Ang II during exercise in humans. DESIGN AND METHODS: The study consisted of two double-blind crossover experiments. in experiment 1 six healthy volunteers who had been taking either placebo (group P) or the ACE inhibitor captopril (150 mg/day for 3 days; group C) performed a cycle ergometer graded exercise test at four different exercise intensities: stage 1, half of the intensity at the blood lactate threshold (WLT); stage 2, the intensity at WLT; stage 3, the intensity at 4 mmol/l blood lactate; and stage 4, an intensity between stage 3 and maximum intensity. In experiment 2 the same volunteers took captopril (150 mg/day for 3 days) and performed exercise at an intensity corresponding to 90% of the 4 mmol/l blood lactate intensity for 30 min during intravenous drip injection of a serine protease inhibitor, nafamostat [NAF; 0.2 mg/kg per h; NAF(+) group] or saline [NAF(-) group]. RESULTS: In experiment 1 plasma Ang II levels increased from at rest to after exercise in both groups P and C. Although there was a significant treatment effect, captopril did not significantly alter the exercise-induced changes in Ang II level. In experiment 2 the increase in Ang II level after 30 min exercise in the NAF(+) group was significantly lower than in the NAF(-) group. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest the presence of an alternative Ang II-forming pathway independent of ACE, and that one or more NAF-sensitive serine protease is responsible, at least partly, for generating Ang II during exercise.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Effect of BOF-A2 on experimental and spontaneous metastasis model of mouse colon 26].

We investigated the effects of BOF-A2 on the metastasis of colorectal cancer using artificial (experimental) and spontaneous metastasis of Colon 26 tumor cells. BOF-A2 suppressed pulmonary nodules in the artificial metastasis of Colon 26 tumor cells into the lung, and the T/C (%) was 53.1% at 20 mg/kg or 8.3% at 40 mg/kg. BOF-A2 also suppressed pulmonary nodules in the spontaneous metastasis of Colon 26 tumor cells into the lung, and the T/C (%) was 33.3% at 40 mg/kg in postoperative treatment, 33.3% at 10 mg/kg, or 16.7% at 20 mg/kg in preoperative treatment. These effects were accompanied by the prolongation of survival time at each dose. From these results, BOF-A2 showed antimetastatic activity and survival effect, and may be useful for adjuvant chemotherapy to prevent cancer from metastasis to the lung.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1993

[Intraocular penetration of current antibiotics].

We studied the intraocular penetration of 42 antibiotics in white rabbit eyes between 1980 to 1990 in our department. The parenteral route (intravenous, intramuscular): the ratios of maximum aqueous humor to serum level were 5.28-11.6% in penicillins (PCs), 5.95-20.17% in cephems and 13.4-30.27% in aminoglycosides (AGs). The aqueous concentration of antibiotics reached a peak within 1/4-1 hour after injection. Oral administration: the ratios of aqueous to serum level were 8.52-20.6% in PCs, 3.62-20.11% in cephems, 22.8-75.8% in macrolides (MLs) and 6.38-23.6% in quinolones. The aqueous concentration of antibiotics reached a peak within 1-4 hours after oral administration. The ratio of aqueous to serum level was the highest in MLs. The aqueous level reached a peak faster and the ratio of aqueous to serum level was higher by injection than by oral administration.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1992

Preparation of thianucleoside derivatives.

1'-Deoxy-4'-thioribonucleoside 1 was synthesized from acyclic allylic alcohol 2 by 8 steps. TMSOTf and SnCl4 were found to be a good mediator for the key coupling of thiafuranose part with pyrimidine base to give beta-isomer preferentially.

1-Propanol↗
PubMed1991

Production of infectious particles from defective human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-producing cell clones by superinfection with infectious HIV-1.

A total of 81 cell clones persistently infected with the LAV-1 or HTLV-IIIB strain of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) was isolated from cells which were obtained by serial passage of some proliferating MT-4 cells after a drastic cytolysis of most cells by HIV-1-infection. These cell clones were classified into 8 types (I to VIII) in terms of the expression of HIV-1 antigens, syncytium formation capacity, and reverse transcriptase activity and infectivity of virus particles in the culture fluid. Type I cell clones were producers of infectious HIV-1 particles, while types II to VIII cell clones did not produce infectious HIV-1 or were producers of uninfectious defective HIV-1 particles. Immunoprecipitation followed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) showed that the gag precursor protein in L-2 cell clone (type IV) was not cleaved to mature gag proteins, while the env precursor protein on L-3 cell clone (type III) was not cleaved to mature env protein. H-7 cell clone (type VIII) did not express any HIV-1 antigen. All these cell clones after the superinfection with infectious HIV-1 synthesized intact gag and env proteins, which were, at least in part, related to the HIV-1 genome persistently present in the cell clones before the superinfection, resulting in production of infectious HIV-1. For example, it was found that L-2 cell clone contained a single copy of the LAV-1 genome per haploid cell and produced doughnut-shaped particles. On the other hand, the cell clone isolated from the L-2 cell clone superinfected with infectious HTLV-IIIB contained the integrated HTLV-IIIB genome in addition to the LAV-1 genome present before the superinfection, and produced intact HIV-1 particles in addition to doughnut-shaped particles from a single cell. These results indicate that complementation and/or genetic recombination events in the superinfected cells may account for the production of infectious intact HIV-1 virions.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Effects of the plasma concentration of 5-fluorouracil and the duration of continuous venous infusion of 5-fluorouracil with an inhibitor of 5-fluorouracil degradation on Yoshida sarcomas in rats.

The correlations of the 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) level in the plasma and the duration of continuous 5-FU infusion with the antitumor activity of 5-FU on Yoshida sarcomas in rats were examined. The circadian variation in the plasma level of 5-FU during continuous infusion was prevented by treatment with 3-cyano-2,6-dihydroxypyridine (CNDP), which strongly inhibits 5-FU degradation. On continuous venous infusion of 2 to 30 mg/kg of 5-FU over 24 h with CNDP at a molar ratio of 1:10 into normal rats, the 5-FU level in the blood was linearly proportional to the dose of 5-FU. The optimum schedule for antitumor activity on Yoshida sarcomas in rats was found to be infusion of 5-FU at 5 mg/kg over 24 h for 6 consecutive days, which gave a plasma 5-FU level of 176 ng/ml. Continuous infusion of 5-FU to give a plasma level of 300 ng/ml for 6 consecutive days from day 5 after implantation of tumor cells, when the tumors weighed about 1.0 g, resulted in complete regression of the tumors in all rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[The effects of exercise training on metabolic phases. With special reference to intraorganic fat and amino acids in Sprague-Dawley rats with streptozotocin diabetes].

We attempted to clarify the effects of aging and the difference between heavy and mild exercise training on the fat and amino acid (AA) systems of streptozotocin diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats in vivo. We exercised two groups of rats, both composed of juvenile and aged rats. The first group, however, consisted of diabetic rats only, the second of normal rats only. Both groups underwent mild training, 20 cm/s, or heavy training, 33 cm/s, for an hour a day, five times a week for four weeks. We looked for fat and amino acids in the serum, liver, red skeletal muscles and heart muscles at the pre- and post-training stages. The results were as follows: Although we observed decreased triglyceride (TG) levels in the serum, liver and intraskeletal muscles in the normal control group, similar decreases were also observed in the diabetic group undergoing insulin treatment with mild exercise training. On the other hand, we observed a clear increase in the rats subjected to heavy exercise training. This increase was particularly significant in the aged rats. There was, however, no significant change in the TG levels in the intraheart muscles of either the juvenile or aged rats, including the diabetic ones. Exercise training in the normal control group produced decreases in total AA, glycogenic AA, branched chain AA and ketogenic AA. Although there was no significant decrease in the TG levels in the serum, we could see clear signs of a decrease in the liver and the intraskeletal muscles. By contrast, the more the rats undergoing insulin treatment for diabetes were exercised, the greater the increase in the amount of AA in the livers and intraskeletal muscles. These changes were especially significant in the aged group. Consistent with previous reports, the diabetic groups produced different results for fat and AA in proportion to the intensity of exercise training and age of the rats. We also demonstrated that the differences were very small in the serum, but significant in the organs, livers and skeletal muscles. From the above findings, we have concluded that exercise training should play a major role in the treatment of diabetes in consideration not only of serum, but also transitions of the whole body's metabolic phases, including the intraorganic systems.

Aging↗