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Biomedical subjects

M Motomiya

Publications and source records attributed to M Motomiya.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Correlation between the function and structure in papain-induced emphysema in dogs].

To examine the relationship between morphologic changes and the alteration of pulmonary function, papain solution was administered to 11 dogs by inhalation and to 5 dogs by a single intratracheal injection. Pulmonary function tests, including determination of lung volume subdivision, diffusion capacity (DLCO), pressure-volume relationship of the lung and arterial blood gas were performed before and after papain treatment. The dogs were then killed and the lungs processed for pathologic studies. The severity of emphysema was graded as percent of emphysema according to Dunill's method and we compared this to the antemortem pulmonary function data. Exponential constant K was determined by fitting lung pressure-volume data to the equation V = Vo (1-e-KP). After papain administration, DLCO decreased, K of the pressure-volume curve increased, and arterial blood oxygen pressure reduced significantly. The changes of residual volume, the ratio of residual volume to total lung capacity, DLCO per unit lung volume, and the values of the exponential functions of pressure-volume data were correlated with the severity of emphysema with statistical significance, but none of them showed excellent order correlation. Multiple regression equation using 2 to 4 of the parameters indicated that the severity of emphysema can be predicted more accurately. We conclude that recognition of the severity of emphysema requires a multivariate approach including the determination of lung volume, DLCO, and pressure volume relationship of the lung, because the relationship between the severity of emphysema and the values obtained with these measurements are nonlinear.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Fibrogenesis and glycoconjugates].

Glycosamnoglycan (GAG)s and fibronectin (FN) in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from cases of sarcoidosis and interstitial pneumonitis, FN in the lung of paraquat-induced fibrosis in humans, and FN in the experimental bleomycin-lung of rats were quantified and partially characterized. It was found that the BALF from cases of sarcoidosis and interstitial pneumonitis, whose chest X-ray film showed persistent abnormalities despite treatment, contained detectable amounts of GAG's. There was a statistically significant difference in the FN content of BALF between patients with higher and those with lower uptake of Ga into the lung field. FN in BALF mainly consisted of a 440 Kd molecular species which is identical to that of plasma FN. In experimental bleomycin-lung of rats, FN increased prior to fibrogenesis of the lung. In paraquat lung an increase of GAG's paralleled an increase of collagen. Electron microscopy revealed that dermatan sulfate was closely associated with collagen fibers in the human lung. These data suggested a close relationship between glyconjugates and fibrogenesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Polyphosphoinositide metabolism in temporary cerebral ischemia--the reversibility after recirculation].

Brain cell membranes are known to abound in polyphosphoinositides (PPI) which contain large amounts of arachidonic acid and stearic acid. When a state of cerebral ischemia comes about, there occurs severe energy depletion and decomposition of PPI into diglyceride (DG) and inositol triphosphate (IP3) through activation of phospholipase C. Previous studies clarified rapid postischemic degradation of PPI, a time during which the metabolically active fraction of PPI is lost, but there have been no reports on PPI metabolism after the establishment of recirculation following ischemia. The authors examined relationship between the duration of the ischemia and the reversibility of PPI metabolism in rats with cerebral ischemia lasting 5 or 30 min that was followed by recirculation, and, further studied acyl group composition of PPI and DG in rats with 30 min of ischemia. Global cerebral ischemia was produced in male Wistar rats (220-250 g) by occlusion of basilar and bilateral common carotid arteries. The brains were frozen in situ at 1, 5, or 30 min of ischemia, or at 30 or 60 min of recirculation following either 5 or 30 min of ischemia. Phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylinositol, 4-phosphate (PIP), phosphatidylinositol, 4, 5-bisphosphate (PIP2), and DG were measured by TLC, and GLC. And also their acyl group compositions were determined. PI showed no significant changes. In contrast, both PIP and PIP2 sharply decreased immediately after onset of cerebral ischemia. then continued to fall gradually from 5 min onwards. And PIP and PIP 2 increased after onset of recirculation in both 5 and 30 min ischemia groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[The effect of phenytoin on free fatty acid liberation and mononucleotide metabolism in transient ischemia].

Ischemia gives rise to severe energy depletion and influx of Ca from the extracellular space, and it is suggested that increased intracellular Ca leads to the activation of phospholipase C and A, and to liberation of free fatty acids (FFA) in particular arachidonic acid. Phenytoin has been reported not only to maintain the intra- and extracellular cation balance but blockade the Ca channel. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effect of phenytoin on the liberation of FFA, energy metabolism and mononucleotide metabolism in ischemic brain. Male Wistar rats were subjected to global cerebral ischemia induced by the occlusion of basilar and bilateral common carotid arteries. The brains were frozen in situ by the funnel technique after 5 or 30 min of ischemia or after 10, 30, or 60 min of recirculation following 30 min of ischemia. Purine and pyrimidine nucleotides, FFA, and glycolytic intermediates were measured by HPLC, GLC, and fluoro-enzymatic method. In non-treated rats, ATP reached a nadir after 5 and 30 min of ischemia. Phenytoin significantly attenuated ATP depletion after 5 and 30 min of ischemia. And also E.C. is higher in phenytoin treated rats than in non-treated rats in ischemia. After 60 min of recirculation, ATP recovered to 1.93 +/- 0.02 mumol (72.3% of pre-ischemia) in treated rats but 1.60 +/- 0.07 mumol/g (60% of pre-ischemia) in non treated rats. In E.C., there are significant differences between non-treated and treated rats after 10 and 30 min of recirculation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Acid glycosaminoglycans in experimental pleural effusions.

Acid glycosaminoglycans (GAG) were quantitated and partially characterized in pleural effusions in guinea pigs with experimental allergic pleurisy. Increase of GAG in the pleural effusion preceded the increase of effusion volume. Effusion was associated with the presence of cuboidal mesothelial cells on visceral pleura, and hemorrhage, infiltration of neutrophils, and destruction of the alveolar structure of the lung. A significant difference was found in the relative percentage of GAG subtypes in the effusion, serum, and the lung tissue of guinea pigs with experimental pleurisy. There was a difference in molecular size of hyaluronic acid in pleural effusion between the early and late stages of pleurisy. Presumably GAGs found in pleural effusion were released from the pleural tissue.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Isolation and characterization of a mucin-type glycoprotein from the lung lavage of a patient with alveolar proteinosis.

A high molecular weight glycoprotein was isolated from the lavage fluid of a patient with alveolar proteinosis by gel chromatography with Sepharose CL-4B. The glycoprotein gave a single band stainable with alcian blue and with periodate-Schiff reagent on the cellulose acetate membrane electrophoresis. The glycoprotein did not penetrate 3.3% polyacrylamide gel but moved into 1% agarose gel as a periodate-Schiff positive single band, when electrophoresed in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. The chemical analysis and the results of the beta-elimination reaction showed the presence of O-linked carbohydrate chains characteristic for a mucin-type glycoprotein. These data provide the first characterization of a mucin-type glycoprotein isolated from lung in pulmonary alveolar proteinosis.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1987

Antitumor activity of cyclophosphamide and lipopolysaccharide in tumor-bearing mice pretreated with BCG.

Antitumor effects of cyclophosphamide (CY) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were investigated in BCG-treated mice. C3H/He mice and CDF1 mice were injected with BCG and were inoculated subcutaneously with syngeneic mouse hepatoma and mastocytoma P815 respectively. A subsequent injection of LPS caused hemorrhagic necrosis and retarded growth of tumor. When mice were treated with LPS plus suboptimal dose of CY, tumor growth was retarded and survival time was prolonged. The antitumor effects were more remarkable when mice were treated with CY prior to the injection of LPS. Without BCG pretreatment, LPS showed no antitumor activity in mice. Sera from mice treated with BCG plus LPS was cytotoxic for cultured tumor cells. However treatment of mice with CY did not increase the in vitro cytotoxicity. In this experimental condition, CY had no effect on delayed type hypersensitivity when evaluated by the footpad reaction to purified protein derivative (PPD). These results seem to indicate that the antitumor effects of the treatment with CY and LPS in BCG-treated mice are mediated by the reduction of tumor burden by CY and a serum factor induced by LPS.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Pattern of fibronectin distribution in human lung cancer.

The pattern of fibronectin (FN) distribution in human lung cancer was studied by indirect immunofluorescent staining, and by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method in a total of 60 surgical specimens. They comprised 8 small cell carcinomas, 4 large cell carcinomas, 19 squamous cell carcinomas, 28 adenocarcinomas, and 1 adenoid cystic carcinoma. Of the 60 specimens 13 were FN-positive. They included 4 large cell carcinomas, 4 small cell carcinomas, 3 poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinomas, and 2 poorly differentiated and 1 moderately differentiated adenocarcinomas. On the other hand, none of the well differentiated carcinomas was FN-positive around tumor cells. Our data suggest that undifferentiated, or poorly differentiated carcinomas of the lung tend to be FN-positive.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1986

Risk of lung cancer by histologic type among smokers in Miyagi Prefecture.

Smoking habits of the 827 lung cancer patients aged 40 years or over who were treated in the Sendai Kosei Hospital from 1977-82 were compared with those in the general population of a non-metropolitan district in northern Japan, which we recently surveyed by mail questionnaire. The relative risks of lung cancer by histologic type adjusted by age and area of residence were as follows: 1.9 for adenocarcinoma, 4.3 for squamous cell carcinoma, 3.9 for small cell carcinoma and 3.4 for large cell carcinoma in men, and 2.9, 6.4, 4.5 and 4.0 for these histologic types, respectively, in women. These elevated risks were all statistically significant (p less than 0.05). These findings suggest that smoking habits should be carefully considered when studying the etiology of any cell type of lung cancer, even adenocarcinoma, which often has been thought to be unrelated to smoking habits.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1986

The corrected collagen content in paraquat lungs.

Biochemical analysis of collagen in a fibrosing lung often betrays its collagen-rich appearance in histopathology. This is due to the liability of lung tissue to extreme change in weight or volume in the presence of edema, hemorrhage, or other lesions, producing a great error in the biochemical data obtained from it. On morphometry of arterial density in lung section, we established a method for calculating the degree to which a given lung is transformed from a standard state of expansion, according to which we may correct for the content of collagen per lung volume. This method was applied to 14 autopsy paraquat lungs with various grades of fibrosis. Increase in collagen was shown to begin at about the 20th day of intoxication and advance thereafter, a finding in good accordance with lung morphology. The longer the survival, the less uniform the intrapulmonary distribution of collagen; even a severely fibrosing lung retained non-fibrotic areas.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Immunoelectron microscopic observations on the localization of fibronectin in normal human lung.

The localization of fibronectin was examined in normal human lung using immunoelectron microscopy. Fibronectin staining was present not only in the endothelial, alveolar epithelial and bronchial epithelial basal laminae and associated with interstitial collagen fibrils and elastic fibers, but also in basal laminae of fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells. There was a periodicity in the staining of fibronectin on collagen fibrils. Reaction products against fibronectin were present in intracellular organelle including cisternae of smooth endoplasmic reticulum of endothelial cells and those of rough endoplasmic reticulum of fibroblasts. No other cells contained reaction products. The localization of fibronectin was compared with that of ruthenium red staining in normal human lung. The localization of fibronectin was consistent with that of proteoglycan.

Collagen↗
PubMed1986

Antitumor activity of lipopolysaccharide in tumor-bearing mice pretreated with BCG.

The antitumor activity of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was investigated in BCG-treated mice. C3H/He mice and CDF1 mice were injected with BCG and then were inoculated with syngeneic mouse hepatoma MH134 and mastocytoma P815 respectively. Hemorrhagic necrosis and retarded growth of tumor were observed after an intravenous (i.v.) injection of LPS, when tumor cells had been inoculated subcutaneously (s.c.). However an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of BCG plus LPS did not increase the mean survival time of mice that had been inoculated with tumor cells i.p. Sera from mice that had been treated with BCG plus LPS i.v. were cytotoxic for cultured tumor cells. These results seemed to indicate that growth-inhibitory effects of LPS on tumors inoculated s.c. were mediated by a humoral factor.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Prediction of deformation in the potassium-arrested canine left ventricle using the finite element model.

A finite element model for the diastolic canine left ventricle based on large deformation theory has been developed. The myocardial stress-strain relation determined by the diastolic pressure-volume relation was used in this study. The ventricle was assumed as a homogeneous, isotropic, thick-walled solid of revolution with variable thickness. The predicted shapes based on the model were in close agreement with the shapes recorded by two-dimensional echocardiography. The stress calculated at the subendocardium was considerably larger as compared to that at the subepicardium. For example, at an intraventricular pressure of 10 cmH2O, the stress at the subendocardium was 80 g/cm2 and about four times larger than that at the subepicardium.

Animals↗