We identified 79 patients who underwent arthroscopically assisted intraarticular anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with freeze-dried fascia lata allografts and an additional lateral extraarticular reconstruction. We were able to contact 62 patients (79%) for follow-up evaluation at an average of 134.5 months. Forty patients (51%) returned for objective evaluation. Lysholm scores at followup averaged 92.3 and Tegner activity scores averaged 5.1. Only four (6%) of the 62 patients contacted reported episodes of full giving way. Thirty (75%) of the 40 patients examined demonstrated 3 mm or less side-to-side difference on KT-1000 arthrometer manual maximum evaluation. Forty-eight (77%) of the 62 patients were participating in sporting activities at final followup. No patient had evidence of graft rejection.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Objective and subjective uses of time by older people.

The time allocations of 525 older people from two independent community-resident and two types of service-agency populations were studied. The strongest determinant of time allocation, beyond basic demographic characteristics, was functional health, which was better among people spending time in most obligatory activities, both alone and outside the home. Cognitive competence was associated with media use, being alone, less rest, time with family, and time in the home. More time was spent in most-liked discretionary, but not obligatory activities. Specifically, the more time one spent interacting with friends, with household family, reading, watching television, engaging in recreation, and being in the yard, the more each of these activities was liked. While there was a strong relationship between degree of liking for most activities and personal adjustment, the actual distribution of time among the activities was quite independent of personal adjustment, with the exception of time alone, which showed a slight negative association with personal adjustment.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Topical antimicrobial therapy in the prevention of early childhood caries.

PURPOSE: Early childhood caries (ECC) is microbiologically characterized by heavy infection of mutans streptococci (ms) on dental surfaces. Accordingly, it is reasonable to speculate that suppression of dental ms levels would decrease risk for ECC. On this basis, randomized double blind, placebo controlled pilot study was performed to test this concept. METHODS: The study population consisted of 31 subjects (age: 12 to 19 mos; sex: 18F/13M) who were clients of a Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) clinic in Puerto Rico. Inclusion criteria included: (1) unremarkable medical history; (2) presence of 4 maxillary primary incisors (PMI) with no visible defects; (3) clinically caries free; (4) use of a nursing bottle at naptime and/or bedtime which contained a cariogenic substrate; (5) two consecutive ms positive cultures (utilizing Mitis-Salivarius-Bacitracin (MSB) agar) from pooled PMI plaque. The subjects were randomized into 2 groups. The 15 subjects in the experimental group and the 16 subjects in the control group were evaluated every 2 months during the study period. At each evaluation, the subjects had 10% povidone iodine (experimental group) or placebo (control group) applied to their dentition. The placebo was commercial instant tea (without lemon or sweetener) and deionized water. Treatment failure was defined as the appearance of a white spot lesion(s) on any of the PMI during the study period. RESULTS: The mean duration of observation to treatment failure was 155 days; the mean duration of observation for treatment success was 217 days. Five of the 16 control subjects and 0 of the 15 experimental subjects experienced treatment failure (Fisher's exact test: P = 0.04). The Kaplan-Meier estimate for incidence of treatment failure in the placebo group was 48% over 357 days (P = 0.02). CONCLUSION: These observations suggest that topical antimicrobial therapy reduces risk for the development of ECC in high-risk children.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Pragmatic aspects of establishing interrater reliability in research.

Establishing interrater reliability on instruments used in nursing research is essential for quality research. Six pragmatic aspects of the process of establishing interrater reliability are: understanding the theoretical perspective, familiarization with the research instrument, number of subjects, using a specific time frame, concern for interfering variables, and scoring and discussion after the observation session.

Humans↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical outcomes for nursing caries treated using general anesthesia.

This study did follow-up examinations of 84 Medicaid-eligible children with nursing caries after they received treatment for nursing caries utilizing general anesthesia. Results at six months suggest that parents are unresponsive to follow-up care and over half of the children seen had new smooth surface caries lesions. While results are preliminary, they suggest that major changes are needed in the tertiary care of children with nursing caries.

Anesthesia, Dental↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Hospitalizations associated with oral lesions in perinatally HIV-infected children.

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Adolescent↗