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Biomedical subjects

M Moskowitz

Publications and source records attributed to M Moskowitz.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Benefit/risk analysis of aggressive mammographic screening.

Based on the results of aggressive screening of 20,000 women and an annual average midbreast absorbed dose of 1 rad per year, the authors describe a model for estimating the benefit/risk ratio for mammography in screening populations of asymptomatic, randomly selected women. Benefits in terms of breast-cancer deaths averted over not screening are estimated. The "worst-case" estimate of the benefit/risk ratio for five annual mammographic examinations on randomly selected asymptomatic women age 35-49 at the start of screening is 3.4 +/- 1.1 to 1. The corresponding "most probable" estimate is 8.0 +/- 3.1 to 1.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Special lecture: the breast cancer screening controversy: a perspective.

Analysis of the data of the Health Insurance Plan of New York Breast Cancer Screening Study indicates that in patients whose cancers were found by screening, the case fatality rate at all ages is almost half the case fatality rate of controls. The data also strongly suggest that maximal benefit in young women resides in the detection of in situ cancers. Due to relatively low yield of these early lesions, projected 20 year survival in that study may be little different for all women screened compared to controls. We have shown that the yield of these early lesions can be increased by aggressive screening and liberal use of biopsy. Furthermore, where J.C. Bailar has indicated a net gain (or loss) of -4 to +8 lives per 20,000 women using the HIP data, using his method and our data we find a savings of 25-27 lives/20,000 women by 3 year screening to date. These are lives that have been saved by mammography alone.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Mammographic screening for breast cancer by lateral view only: is it practical?

If a single lateral examination would suffice for mammography, sose and risk would be cut in half in screening procedures. This prospective study of 150 lateral xerographic images would indicate that, while 80% true positive rate can be achieved using a single lateral view, the projected savings in radiation exposure does not offset the losses due to cancers not detected by this single exposure screening method.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1976

Materials released into culture medium by normal and oncogenic virus-transformed mammalian cells.

Materials released into culture medium by transformed and untransformed baby hamster kidney cells labelled with glucosamine, sulfate, fucose or leucine were characterized. Some of the components could also be labelled by iodination of intact cells, indicating their surface origin. Analysis on gradient polyacrylamide sodium lauryl sulfate gels demonstrated that a group of high apparent molecular weight glucosamine-labelled components were more abundant in materials released from Rous sarcoma virus-transformed baby hamster kidney cells than from baby hamster kidney cells or polyoma virus-transformed baby hamster kidney cells. The relative rates of release of glucosamine-labelled components from transformed and untransformed cells were similar except that the transformed baby hamster kidney cells released some large molecular weight components slightly more rapidly than baby hamster kidney cells. Treatment of labelled medium materials with testicular hyaluronidase removed much glucosamine label from the materials but did not affect the amounts of other labels. After treatment with hyaluronidase, the patterns of labelled conditioned media from both transformed and untransformed baby hamster kidney cells were qualitatively and quantitatively very similar, suggesting that the differences seen in untreated labelled conditioned media were due to the presence of hyaluronidase-sensitive materials associated with medium materials rather than to actual differences in glycoproteins.

Avian Sarcoma Viruses↗
PubMed1976

Lack of efficacy of thermography as a screening tool for minimal and stage I breast cancer.

In a study of thermograms of 42 patients with Stage 1 or smaller carcinomas of the breast, 44 confounding cases and 64 randomly selected subjects being screened, we found that the ability of expert thermographers to identify the patients with carcinoma correctly (true positive = 0.238) varied little from the ability of untrained readers (true positive = 0.301). Furthermore, in the expert group, the indexes of suspicion were so high (0.436) and the true-positive levels were so relatively low (0.238, P = 0.0005) that thermography may well have a very limited role as a screening or pre-screening modality for the detection of minimal or Stage 1 breast cancers.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1976

On the diagnosis of minimal breast cancer in a screenee population.

As a result of screening of 8100 consecutive volunteers, 67 breast cancers have been detected. Fourteen percent of these cancers were found in women aged 35-44 years. Eighty percent of the cancers found in this age group were minimal breast cancer. This percentage decreased significantly in each subsequent decade until age 65 years, or older, when it began to rise once more. While mammography was responsible for detecting the majority of in situ or minimal cancers, 13 were found on physical examination, six of which were found only by physical examination.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Breast cancer screening. Benefit and risk for the first annual screening.

Of 96 cancers which have been detected as a result of the first annual screening of 10,470 volunteers, 46 have been clinically occult. Forty-one of these have been Stage 1 or less carcinoma, and 26 of these 41 have been minimal cancer. For the radiographic parameters used, the benefit of detecting these cancers vs. the risk of induced cancer is estimated as 103:1 and 65:1, respectively.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Lack of specificity for detection of breast lesions with radioactive cesium chloride.

Detection of breast disease at an early stage was evaluated with 131CsCl. The tissue distribution study showed that malignant tumors could be distinguished from both benign and normal tissue by the degree of 131Cs concentration. However, the external counting method was not sensitive enough to warrant general application to patients with a suspected malignant tumor of the breast. False-positive breast study findings using radionuclides, such as 131CsCl, require close follow-up study in view of possible malignant changes in benign disease of the breast.

Adenofibroma↗
PubMed1976

Mönckeberg's arteriosclerosis revisited: or silver vessels among the old.

This study showed that Mönckeberg's arteriosclerosis was found in 23 patients over the age of 60. Diabetes or probable diabetes mellitus was found in 22 out of 23 of these patients. It is concluded that roentgenographic demonstration of MAS in this age group is highly specific for diabetes mellitus. Further, a pilot study suggests that if MAS is present, without demonstrable plain film evidence of coexistent IAS, the chances of the patient having elevated cholesterol seems to be approximately one quarter that of the general population over 60. His chances of an elevated triglyceride appear to be about half that of the same population group.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1975

Studies on the turnover of plasma membranes in cultured mammalina cells. I. Rates of synthesis and degradation of plasma membrane proteins and carbohydrates.

The rate of turnover of membrane proteins and membrane-bound carbohydrates in exponentially growing and in confluent contact-inhibited cultures of strain MK-2 cells was investigated. Cells were labelled with [14-C]leucine and [3-H]glucosamine, incubated in isotope-free medium and, at various times thereafter, the cells were harvested and membranes isolated from them. The rate of decay of the protein and carbohydrate components was determined from specific activity dilution of the labeled components in the isolated membranes. Although the rate of membrane synthesis is different in exponential and contact-inhibited cells, the rate of degradation (turnover) of membrane proteins and carbohydrates was found to be the same (25% per generation (42 h) or 0.6%/h).

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Studies on the turnover of plasma membranes in cultured mammalian cells. II. Demonstration of heterogeneous rates of turnover for plasma membrane proteins and glycoproteins.

The relative rate of turnover of individual membrane proteins and glycoproteins in exponentially growing and contact-inhibited MK2 cells was investigated. Plasma membranes were isolated from cells that had been sequentially labelled with 14-C and 3-H isotopes of leucine and glucosamine. The membranes were then solubilized in sodium dodecylsulfate and their polypeptides separated by acrylamide gel electrophoresis. The 3-H/14-C ratios of the individual polypeptides reflected their relative rates of turnover. The proteins and glycoproteins of the exponentially growing cells exhibited markedly heterogeneous rates of turnover. In contrast, polypeptides in membranes of contact-inhibited cells exhibited a lesser degree of heterogeneity of turnover. In both exponential and contacted cell membranes a glycoprotein with a high apparent molecular weight exhibited the fastest rate of turnover.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Breast cancer screening. Preliminary report of 207 biopsies performed in 4, 128 volunteer screenees.

Thirty-six carcinomas of the breast were pathologically verified in the first 207 biopsies performed to date on women attending the Breast Cancer Detection Center at The University of Cincinnati. Fifty-three percent of these have been minimal breast cancer, 14 being totally in situ. This is compared with a similar number of breast biopsies performed prior to the opening of the Breast Cancer Project. In the latter group of cases there were 45 carcinomas proven, only 1 of which was in situ, 24 of which were invasive Stage I and 20 Stage II or higher. In addition, 65 biopsies demonstrated proliferative disease of varying degrees of severity as compared to a total of 13 in the non screened population.

Adult↗