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Biomedical subjects

M Moriyama

Publications and source records attributed to M Moriyama.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Follow up study of renal tubular dysfunction and mortality in residents of an area polluted with cadmium.

A retrospective cohort study was conducted to investigate the association between cadmium induced renal tubular dysfunction and mortality. A total of 230 subjects aged 40 or older and living in a cadmium polluted area in Kosaka Town, Akita Prefecture, Japan, were studied at least once between 1975 and 1977 and again in 1990. Urinary beta 2-microglobulin and total amino nitrogen concentrations were significantly related to mortality from all causes in women. The finding supports the idea that cadmium induced kidney damage is a factor associated with mortality in a general population exposed to environmental cadmium.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Bellini duct carcinoma of the kidney.

We report a very rare case of Bellini duct carcinoma originating from the collecting tubules of the kidney. A left renal tumor was detected during a health examination and radical nephrectomy was performed. Histological examination showed papillary adenocarcinoma. By means of immunohistochemical methods, we felt that the tumor was a renal carcinoma of Bellini duct origin.

Adenocarcinoma, Papillary↗
PubMed1992

[int-2 and c-erbB-2 gene amplification in urological cancers].

We analyzed the alteration of int-2, c-erbB-2 and EGFR genes in 32 cases of transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary tract, 15 cases of renal cell carcinoma and 14 cases of prostatic carcinoma by Southern blot hybridization method. Three- to 12 fold amplification of int-2 gene was observed in 4 (12.5%) of 32 transitional cell carcinomas. Of these 4 cases 3 were G3 tumor with muscle invasion and the remaining was G1, pTa tumor with subsequent recurrence of multiple tumors. The other 2 cases (6.3%) with invasive transitional cell carcinoma showed amplification of c-erbB-2 gene. Neither amplification nor gross rearrangement of EGFR gene was detected in transitional cell carcinoma. On the other hand, renal cell carcinomas and prostatic carcinomas had neither amplification nor gross rearrangement of these 3 genes. These results suggest that the int-2 gene located in chromosome locus 11q13 and the c-erbB-2 gene have a specific role in carcinogenesis and in progression of transitional cell carcinoma through their gene amplifications.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[An approach to stoma-less continent urinary diversion by uretero-ileoceco-proctostomy (ileocecorectal bladder)].

The current practice of continent urinary diversion still places the patients under the restraint of the stoma and intermittent catheterization. To overcome these problems, we developed a new technique of urinary diversion of which continent is controlled by the anal sphincter. The isolated ileocecal segment is intussuscepted and interposed between the ureters and the rectum. The conjoined ureters are anastomosed to the stump of the ileal limb, and the antimesenteric portion of the cecal limb is joined to the anterior wall of the rectum. The surgical procedure is simpler than that of the continent reservoirs currently employed. The intussuscepted ileocecal segment prevents fecal reflux to the upper urinary tract and may also inhibit carcinogenesis at the uretero-intestinal junction. Additionally, the rectal capacity is augmented by the side to side anastomosis between the cecal limb and the rectum. Our preliminary experience in 10 cases were satisfactory with respect to voiding function, antireflux mechanism of the intussuscepted ileocecal segment and quality of life. The results will justify further trials with this stomaless continent urinary diversion for those in whom the urethra cannot be used.

Anal Canal↗
PubMed1992

[Clinical studies on tosufloxacin (TFLX) in urology].

We clinically evaluated the usefulness of a new oral antimicrobial agent, TFLX, in the field of urology. The dose administered was 150 mg t.i.d and the duration of administration was 3 days. The clinical effect was evaluated according to the criteria of the Japanese UTI committee. The clinical response obtained on 164 female patients with acute simple cystitis was excellent in 118, moderate in 44 and poor in 2 patients. The efficacy rate was 98.78%. The clinical response obtained on 4 male patients with acute simple cystitis was excellent in 2 and moderate in 2 patients. The efficacy rate was 100%. The clinical response obtained on 3 female patients with simple pyelonephritis was excellent in 2 and moderate in 1 patient. The efficacy rate was 100%. The clinical response obtained on one patient with non-gonococcal urethritis was excellent by doctor's evaluation. The clinical response obtained on 7 patients with complicated UTI was excellent in 3 and moderate in 4 patients. The efficacy rate was 100%. Three patients complained of stomach distress or malaise and 2 patients developed rash. No abnormal laboratory data were observed. Thus, TFLX appears to be safe and suitable for use in the field of urology.

4-Quinolones↗
PubMed1992

[Elevation of serum fucosyltransferase activities in malignant diseases--a sensitive tumor marker?].

Fucosyltransferase (FT) is considered to be one of the most important glycosyltransferases responsible for the synthesis of cancer-associated carbohydrate chains such as CA19-9 and SLX. To determine whether FT is a sensitive tumor marker, we measured the enzyme activity of FT in sera from 136 cancer patients, 14 patients with benign diseases and 59 healthy controls, by using PA (pyridylamino)-labeled type II biantennary oligosaccharide derived from human serotransferrin as an acceptor substrate. Serum FT activity was significantly elevated in patients with cancer compared to healthy controls. Analysis of the enzyme products using HPLC and various fucosidases with different specificity revealed that alpha 1----3 FT was responsible for most of the elevation of the enzyme activity in sera from cancer patients. It should be stressed that the alpha 1----3FT derived from cancer patients transferred fucose to terminal lactosamine residues of type II biantennary oligosaccharides already attached to sialic acid. This indicates that the substrate specificity is clearly different from that reported in normal sera and tissues. In addition to alpha 1----3FT, some glycosidases including fucosidase were also elevated in sera from cancer patients.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed1991

Effects of anxiolytic drugs on escape behavior induced by dorsal central gray stimulation in rats.

Each animal was chronically implanted with bipolar electrodes in dorsal central gray matter (DCG) and was trained to press a lever to decrease the DCG-stimulation current. Chlordiazepoxide (5-20 mg/kg, PO), diazepam (2-10 mg/kg, PO) and bromazepam (1-5 mg/kg, PO) produced dose-dependent increases in the DCG-stimulation threshold 1-4 h after administration without affecting motor performance. Meprobamate (200 mg/kg, PO) and pentobarbital (10 mg/kg, PO) also slightly increased the stimulation threshold. Their potency was in the order of bromazepam greater than diazepam greater than chlordiazepoxide greater than pentobarbital greater than meprobamate. The increase in the threshold induced by diazepam (10 mg/kg, PO) was inhibited by the GABA antagonists, bicuculline (1 mg/kg, IP) and picrotoxin (0.1 mg/kg, IP). These results suggest that decreased susceptibility to brain stimulation is involved in suppressing effects of anxiolytic drugs on the escape behavior, and also that the antiaversive action of benzodiazepines may be related to a GABAergic mechanism.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Expression of c-erbB-2 gene product in urinary bladder cancer.

Expression of the c-erbB-2 gene product and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) was investigated in 54 cases of human bladder cancer immunohistologically and by Western blot analysis. For detection of the c-erbB-2 product, two specific antibodies, a rabbit polyclonal antibody directed to the intracellular domain and a murine monoclonal antibody recognizing an epitope in the extracellular domain, were used. Seventeen cases of bladder cancer were stained by the anti-c-erbB-2 polyclonal antibody, while 20 cases were stained by the monoclonal antibody, with good correlation on both stainings (p less than 0.01). There were four c-erbB-2 positive cases in 26 G1 tumors, four in 15 G2 tumors, and nine in 13 G3 tumors. There were also eight erbB-2 positive cases in nine muscle-invasive tumors, nine of 45 superficial tumors, four of five with lymph node metastasis, and seven of 14 without metastasis, as revealed by staining with the polyclonal antibody. Thus, the c-erbB-2 gene product was more frequently expressed in high grade tumors (p less than 0.01), in high stage tumors (p less than 0.01), and nodal metastatic tumors (N.S. by Chi-square test). Twenty-two of the 54 tumors were stained by an anti-EGF-R monoclonal antibody, 528 IgG. The expression of EGF-R was independent of histological grading, tumor stage, and nodal status, and no correlation was observed between expression of the c-erbB-2 product and EGF-R. The c-erbB-2 product may be applicable as a tumor marker for evaluation of malignant potential, invasiveness, and probably metastatic potential of human bladder cancer.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1991

CO 2 laser conization for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: a comparison with cold knife conization during pregnancy.

Intraoperative and postoperative complications related to CO2 laser conization and cold knife conization were compared. From 1980 to 1984, 66 patients were hospitalized for cold knife conization. The mean operative time was 28.1 minutes, all patients had epidural anesthesia, and the mean time of admission was 6.8 days. Three percent of cases had infections, the mean intraoperative hemorrhage was 66 ml, and the rate of remaining foci of neoplasia was 18.2%. There were 116 patients hospitalized for CO2 laser conization from 1985 to 1987. The mean operative time was 15.6 minutes, 15.5% of patients had local anesthesia, and the mean time of admission was 0.6 days. No patients had infection or postoperative stenosis, the mean intraoperative hemorrhage was 75 ml, and 29.5% of patients had remaining foci of neoplasia. There was no significant difference in hemorrhage amounts at hysterectomy after conization using either method. In the 2 pregnant patients, CO2 laser conization could be performed safely and did not affect pregnancy or delivery. Thus in our experience, CO2 laser conization is more effective for clinical diagnosis and treating of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Transvaginal color and pulsed Doppler ultrasound evidence of hemodynamics of the female pelvis.

Transvaginal color and pulsed Doppler ultrasound examinations were made on 40 patients to assess hemodynamics in the pelvis. Use of a special probe for transvaginal scanning led to superb simultaneous visualization of structures and blood flow, and we noted various events, even in the small, deep and/or peripheral vessels. Some but not all of the observations were in agreement with the results obtained using transabdominal color and pulsed Doppler ultrasound. We propose that transvaginal color and pulsed Doppler ultrasound be considered for routine use to determine physiological and pathological events in the female pelvis.

Color↗
PubMed1991

Differential effects of morphine on operant escape behavior and averse symptom induced by dorsal central gray stimulation in rats.

The involvement of a central opiate mechanism in the operant escape behavior induced by dorsal central gray (DCG) stimulation was investigated in rats. Morphine (2-10 mg/kg, i.p.) produced a rise in the DCG-stimulation threshold, but did not suppress rapid running as an averse symptom. Naloxone alone affected neither the threshold nor the averse symptom. Nevertheless, naloxone counteracted morphine-induced increments in the threshold. These results suggest that the opiate system may be indirectly involved in certain aspects of the operant escape behavior induced by the DCG-stimulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Influences of cigarette smoke inhalation on pharmacokinetics of cimetidine in rats.

The influences of cigarette smoke inhalation on the pharmacokinetics of cimetidine administered orally and parenterally were investigated in rats using a smoking machine. The animals were exposed to two kinds of cigarette smoke, low- or high-nicotine.tar, inhaled for 10 min immediately after oral (50 mg/kg), intraperitoneal (25 mg/kg) or intravenous (10 mg/kg) administration of cimetidine. The plasma level after cimetidine was administered orally was lower in the absorption phase in the two cigarette smoke inhaling groups than in the non-smoking control group, and was particularly marked in the high-nicotine.tar cigarette smoke inhaling group. In contrast, no significant difference was found in cimetidine plasma level between the cigarette smoke inhaling groups and the non-smoking control group when administered intraperitoneally or intravenously. These results suggest that cigarette smoke inhalation may cause a suppression or a delay in cimetidine absorption from the gastrointestinal tract, and that the degree of influence is dependent upon the content of nicotine.tar in the cigarette smoke.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1991

Elevated expression of P-glycoprotein in kidney and urinary bladder cancers.

A monoclonal antibody, MRK16, recognizing specifically an epitope of P-glycoprotein (P-GP), a highly active efflux transporter of chemotherapeutic agents, was used to determine the degree of expression of P-GP in the normal human kidney and urinary bladder, and in kidney and urinary bladder cancers. P-glycoprotein was localized in the microvilli of the epithelial cells of the proximal renal tubules by immunoelectron microscopy, and detected immunohistochemically in 6 of 20 untreated kidney cancers and 11 of 31 untreated urinary bladder cancers. Some of the cancerous tissues were further examined with regard to P-GP expression by immunoprecipitation. In urinary bladder cancers, the degree of P-GP expression seemed to be somewhat correlated with tumor grading. These results indicate that our method to detect the degree of expression of P-GP by MRK16 may be applicable for the diagnosis of clinical multidrug resistant urinary cancers.

ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Mem↗
PubMed1991

Association between renal tubular dysfunction and mortality among residents in a cadmium-polluted area, Nagasaki, Japan.

A retrospective cohort study was carried out to clarify the effect of exposure to environmental cadmium (Cd) on mortality. A total of 256 residents aged 50 years or older, living in Sasu, a Cd-polluted area in Tsushima Island in Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan, were followed from July 1979 to February 1989. The expected number of deaths calculated was based on the sex- and age- specific mortality rate in Tsushima Island in 1985. In Sasu residents of both sexes with urinary beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-m) concentration greater than 1,000 microgram/g creatinine in 1979, observed deaths were greater than expected. However, the p value of the difference was less than 0.05 only in men. The relationships of age, mean blood pressure, urinary beta 2-m and urinary Cd concentration to mortality were examined using Cox's proportional hazards model. Urinary beta 2-m was independently and significantly related to mortality in men but not in women. The results suggest an association between Cd-induced renal tubular dysfunction and mortality.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[Phase II study of 5'-DFUR (Furtulon) capsule for bladder cancer].

A cooperative phase II study of 5'-DFUR at a daily dose of 800 to 1,200 mg was performed on 18 patients with bladder cancer. The therapeutic responses were evaluated by Koyama-Saito's criteria in 13 out of 18 patients, and 3 PR, 1 MR, 6 NC and 3 PD were obtained. Adverse reactions were observed in three out of 15 cases (20.0%). These side effects were reversible gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea-vomiting, anorexia and diarrhea. The results suggest that 5'-DFUR is a useful drug for bladder cancer treatment.

Adenocarcinoma↗