Biomedical subjects

M Morimoto

Publications and source records attributed to M Morimoto.

497 records · Page 28Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

Surgical and radiotherapy treatment of a spinal cord ependymoma in a dog.

A 4-year-old Beagle dog was presented for investigation of a left pelvic limb gait abnormality. Neurolocalisation indicated a lumbar (L2 to L5) spinal cord lesion. On magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), an intramedullary mass was demonstrated at L3. The mass was partially removed under general anaesthesia and a diagnosis of ependymoma was made on histological examination. The dog was treated with postoperative orthovoltage x-ray radiation (total dose; 44 Gy given in 11 fractions over a 4 week period) combined with low dose carboplatin (25 mg/m2). The dog was alive 16 months after surgery without further neurological deficits. No further tumour growth was detected on subsequent MRI evaluations.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Firing mechanisms in the single vestibular neurons in the cat.

Spontaneous unitary discharges in nucleus vestibularis lateralis (NVL) neurons were studied in locally anesthetized cats. The mean +/-S.E. firing rate of spontaneous unitary discharges of NVL neurons was 19.8 +/- 0.9 Hz. About 12% of NVL neurons showed a random firing. The spontaneous unitary discharge rate of the gamma distribution at lambda=2 was relativley low. However, the others were high. Patterns of peak interval time of the distribution with one peak and the interpeak interval time of those with two and three peaks were almost the same.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of cholinergic agonists and antagonists of nucleus vestibularis lateralis unit discharge to vestibular nerve stimulation in the cat.

Unit discharge in nucleus vestibularis (NVL) was studied in locally anesthetized cats. The mean firing rate +/-S.E. of spontaneous unitary discharges of NVL neurons was 19.8+/-0.9 Hz and that of spinal-transected animals was 18.0+/-1.6 Hz. The mean firing rate of these neurons in animals with cerebellum ablation and the administration of scopolamine in a dose of 0.5 mg/kg i.v. was relatively low. After administration of physostigmine in a dose of 25 mug/kg i.v. the firing rate was enhanced. The effects of physostigmine were antagonized by scopolamine. About 95% of NVL neurons activated by single electrical shocks to the ipsilateral vestibular nerve showed regular firing following administration of physostigmine. These neurons changed to a gamma distribution at lambda=2 following administration of scopolamine.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The furosemid test for Menière's disease.

In a previous report it was suggested that intravenous administration of furosemid followed by a comparative caloric test (the furosemid test) could be utilized for detection of endolymphatic hydrops (Kitahara et al., 1973). As a result of the further application of the furosemid test upon 161 patients with vertigo, positive results were observed in 80% of patients with typical Menière's disease, 6% of atypical Menière's disease, 42% with labyrinthine syphilis and 27% with sudden deafness. In patients with labyrinthitis, results were negative. It is thus concluded that the furosemid test provides positive evidence for determining the etiology of vertigo.

Audiometry↗

PubMedDate not supplied

A comparison of the furosemide and glycerol tests for Meniere's disease. With special reference to the bilateral lesion.

The feasibility of furosemide test for the detection of endolymphatic hydrops has previously been discussed (Authors, 1973, 1975). The glycerol test also has been reported as being effective for the same purpose but only in Meniere patients with fluctuating hearing loss (Klockhoff & Lindblom, 1966). In 48 patients with Meniere's disease, both the furosemide test (F-test) and the glycerol test (G-test) were performed on 51 ears including 3 cases of bilateral involvement. The average value of urine volume in the F-test was significantly greater than that for the G-test. The decrease in tinnitus was 40% in the former, 45% in the latter. The F-test yielded a positive rate of 73%, and the G-test, 45%. The results were thus: positive in the both tests, i.e., F+: G+ were 17 (33%); F+: G-, 20 (39%); F-: G+, 6 (12%), and both negative, F-: G-, only (16%). The side effects of the F-test were nil, but those of the G-test were as follows: headache (29%), nausea (4%), and increase in tinnitus (9%). The response increase of the hydropic labyrinth caused by the two kinds of systemic dehydration over-lapped in part and differed in part, as a result of the differing diuretic mechanisms and their respective affinities to the cochlea and the vestibulum. The furosemide test may be based on the action of the vestibular response type, which is caused by natriuretic dehydration accompanying the more sensitive response increase in caloric-induced nystagmus, while the glycerol test may be based on the action of the cochlear response type, owing to osmotic diuresis manifested as hearing shift. The correlation between labyrinthine hydrops and dehydration was discussed and it was concluded that these double test were quite adequate methods for choice of treatment of not only unilateral Meniere's disease in its various stages but also in bilateral involvements.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Experimental studies on myocardial metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids in surface-induced deep hypothermia.

In surface-induced deep hypothermia, metabolic acidosis resulting from lactacidemia was observed. In the hypothermic heart, the rate of reduction in the coronary arteriovenous (A-V) difference ratio of lactate, pyruvate, and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) was proportionately less than that of coronary flow and myocardial oxygen consumption, suggesting that lactate, pyruvate, and NEFA play important roles as energy fuels in the hypothermic heart. Myocardial metabolism of glucose was reduced; exogenous corticosteroids and ATP do not influence the myocardial metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids in the hypothermic heart.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Anti-HIV-1 activity of myo-inositol hexaphosphoric acid (IP6) and myo-inositol hexasulfate(IS6).

It is known that polysulfates have some anti-HIV-1 activity. We investigated the anti-HIV-1 activity of myo-inositol hexaphosphoric acid (IP6) and myo-inositol hexasulfate(IS6), low molecular weight carbohydrates. IP6 and IS6 inhibited the replication of HIV-1 in a T cell line as well as that of a freshly isolated strain in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Neither substance inhibited HIV-1-induced giant cell formation, but addition of IS6 when infecting cells with HIV-1 inhibited the replication of HIV-1. Neither substance inhibited HIV-1 reverse transcriptase activity in vitro and no influence on late stage replication was noted. Although the mechanisms of IP6 and IS6 action remain unclear, it can be speculated that they act on HIV-1 early replicative stage. Although it is not possible to develop IP6 and IS6 themselves as anti-AIDS drugs, studies of these anti-HIV agents might be expected to provide seed for eventual production of superior drugs for AIDS treatment.

Anti-HIV Agents↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The mesh plug technique for adult inguinal herniation.

We studied 112 adult patients who underwent the mesh plug method for inguinal hernia at our clinical division from August 1996 to September 1998. We compared the mesh plug method with conventional sutured repair, such as the Bassini method, the ileopubic tract repair method and the McVay method, according to the duration of operation, postoperative white blood cell count, postoperative CRP, the frequency of analgesics after surgery, and the recurrence rate. The duration of operation in patients with the mesh plug method was significantly short. According to postoperative white blood cell count and CRP, there was no significant difference between the two groups. Frequency of analgesics after surgery was 0.8 times in a patient with conventional sutured repair and 0.4 times in a patient with the mesh plug method, suggesting that it was significantly low in patients with the mesh plug method. The recurrence rate in patients with the mesh plug method was 3.57% (4 cases). All the recurrences had developed within 1 year after surgery, and all of the cases were repaired with the mesh plug method. We conclude that the mesh plug method for adult inguinal hernia was a useful operative procedure with shorter duration of operation, less postoperative wound pain, and almost the same recurrence rate compared with conventional sutured repair.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Risk factors for recurrence of large HCC in patients treated by combined TAE and PEI.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: In this report, risk factors of intrahepatic recurrence of a large solitary hepatocellular carcinoma after combination therapy with transcatheter arterial embolization followed by percutaneous ethanol injection were studied. METHODOLOGY: The series included 61 patients with an unresectable large solitary hepatocellular carcinoma, the largest size of which was greater than 3 cm in diameter. All patients completely responded to combination therapy and recurrence rates were determined. The following parameters; age, sex, hepatitis B virus surface antigen, hepatitis C virus antibodies, Child's classification, alcohol abuse, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alpha-fetoprotein, indocyanine green retention rate, hepatocellular carcinoma size, hepatocellular carcinoma capsule, total amount of injected ethanol and the alpha-fetoprotein 1 month after treatment were evaluated. RESULTS: The 1-, 3-, and 5-year cancer-free survival rates of all patients were calculated to be 61%, 23%, and 13%, respectively. Among pretreatment parameters, the log-rank test and subsequent Cox's proportional hazards model showed that a tumor size of more than 5 cm in diameter was independently associated with recurrence. The posttreatment parameters of total amount of injected ethanol was also shown to be significantly related to recurrence by the log-rank test. CONCLUSIONS: Lesions more than 5 cm in diameter and insufficient injected ethanol were associated with intrahepatic recurrence after this combination therapy.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Simple deep hypothermia for open-heart surgery.

Two hundred fifty patients more than 2 years of age having correction of congenital heart diseases by simple deep hypothermia alone were investigated in respect to metabolic abnormalities, post-operative complications, intellectual development and postoperative EEGs. LOS in lethal complications was attributed to the difficulty of resuscitation, indicating the application of this method is ideal for patients less than 6 years in age or less than 20 kg in weight. No impairment of intellectual development was observed when compared IQ before the operation and at the time of long term follow-up in serial study, but electroencephalographic assessment indicated that postoperative abnormalities might occur more frequently than previously suspected. Conclusively, it would appear that hypothermic intracardiac surgery is a safe method, provided circulatory arrest time is not allowed to exceed a limited period and the procedure is reasonably performed having a good understanding in the pathophysiology of hypothermia.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Case of small hepatocellular carcinoma in the caudate lobe detected after interferon caused disappearance of hepatitis C virus.

The high prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus (HCV) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Japan suggests that the virus has a close relationship to hepatocarcinogenesis (1-4). HCV causes chronic inflammation of the human liver and HCC may finally develop, by way of an unknown mechanism. Interferon (IFN), which has an antiviral effect, is widely used for treatment of chronic hepatitis C infection (5). In Japan, about 40% of such patients have been cured of the infection by IFN therapy (6). The most suitable criteria for identification of a complete response to IFN are the most rigorous: both the disappearance of HCV RNA, verified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and alanine aminotransferase activity in the normal range for at least six months after the end of the therapy. In the cured patients, the liver disorder and hepatocarcinogenesis are thought to stop progressing. However, few such patients have been monitored for years following the treatment (7-8). In this article, we describe a patient with small HCC in the caudate lobe after complete response to IFN therapy for chronic hepatitis. We suggest the necessity for regular liver checks for patients from whom HCV is eliminated by IFN therapy.

Antiviral Agents↗