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M Morillon

Publications and source records attributed to M Morillon.

61 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Use in Mozambique of WHO diagnostic strategies in HIV infection].

The lack of expensive equipment and well-trained laboratory technicians in developing countries makes it difficult to use standard methods (2 EIA confirmed by western blotting) to diagnose HIV infection. This led the WHO to develop simplified algorithms based on sequential screening tests, with no confirmation by immunoblotting. These algorithms were tested in the normal diagnosis conditions of a medical unit in Maputo, Mozambique. We tested 402 sera, collected with the consent of the patients concerned. The sera were first tested for HIV according to French regulations (2 EIA with western blot if at least one EIA was positive). This strategy identified 53 sera as positive for HIV1 and 1 serum as positive for HIV2. We then tested who algorithms, one for a predicted rate of prevalence < 10% and the other for a predicted rate of prevalence > 10%. Neither algorithm performed adequately for diagnostic purposes. Further evaluation with a panel of local sera is required to select the most suitable algorithm in terms of specificity and sensitivity, and algorithms should be throughly tested before inclusion in national AIDS control strategies.

AIDS Serodiagnosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Isolation of viruses in the cerebrospinal fluid in a case of acute varicella meningo-encephalitis].

The authors report a case of severe, life-threatening, meningo-encephalitis occurring in a young nonimmunodepressed adult with varicella. The demonstration of a cytopathogenetic effect of his cerebrospinal fluid and of immunoglobulins M specific to the varicella-zoster virus was in favour of an acute, directly viral-dependent encephalitis rather than an immune-mediated leucoencephalitis, as used to be commonly admitted. This is an incitement to use acyclovir in such cases, the effect of which contributes to reinforce this pathogenic hypothesis.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Viral hepatitis A: when a changing epidemiology implies a different prophylaxis].

Major progress has been made in the epidemiology and prophylaxis of hepatitis A virus (HAV) since it was first discovered in stool samples by MacCallum in 1973. Seven types of the virus have been described. Types 1, 2, 3 and 7 occur in humans and types 4, 5 and 6 in monkeys, but genotype is not correlated with antigenic response. Immunization with the HM175 viral strain or natural infection by any of the virus types gives protection against all types of HAV affecting humans. Serological tests detect all types of the virus and make it possible to carry out epidemiological studies anywhere in the world. HAV is common in very young children in developing countries. Most ten-year-old children are immune and have no clinical signs of the illness. HAV infection has become less common in developed countries due to improvements in hygiene. Less than 40% of people under the age of 30 have been immunized. Non-immune individuals have a high risk of developing clinical hepatitis if they become infected and the older the patient at the time of infection, the more severe the disease is likely to be. The introduction of HAV into groups in which the majority of individuals have not been immunized may result in major local outbreaks. Prophylaxis schemes are developed on the basis of epidemiology. Vaccination is not routinely recommended in developing countries, except for visitors to those countries. Vaccination is recommended for individuals in high-risk groups, such as health workers, cooks, sewer maintenance engineers and tourists, in developed countries. In countries with an intermediate level of risk (East Europe, the Middle East and Southeast Asia), there is a high level of HAV infection and a low level of immunization. Vaccination programs are likely to be of value in these countries.

Adult↗