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Biomedical subjects

M Moore

Publications and source records attributed to M Moore.

At least 577 records · Page 32Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Retrospective review of 50 canine intracranial tumors evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed on 50 dogs with intracranial neoplasia. The following tumor features were assessed: axial origin, location, shape, growth pattern, MRI signal intensity, evidence for edema, and paramagnetic contrast enhancement. Histologic diagnosis included 5 intracranially invading nasal tumors, 7 pituitary tumors, 22 meningiomas, 6 choroid plexus tumors, 7 astrocytomas, 1 ependymoma, and 2 oligodendrogliomas. Axial origin, site, shape, and growth pattern were important diagnostic characteristics for tumor type. Signal intensity and contrast enhancement pattern allowed further differentiation. Characteristic MRI features that facilitate diagnosis and prognosis were identified. Accurate diagnosis of tumor type based on these features was not always possible because of similarities in MRI appearance for some tumors. Tissue biopsy remains necessary for definitive diagnosis of intracranial tumors.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clival chondroma in a child with Ollier's disease. Case report.

An 8-year-old female with Ollier's disease (multiple enchondromatosis) developed an intracranial chondroma arising from the clivus, which was diagnosed by both computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. The clinical presentation, differential diagnosis, and management of this rare pediatric intracranial tumor are discussed.

Cartilage↗
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Development of a novel TNF alpha ligand-receptor binding assay for screening NATCHEM Libraries.

The TNF alpha receptor is a major therapeutic target since over production of TNF alpha plays a key role in the development of septic shock following bacterial infection and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many inflammatory disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis. To screen our NATCHEM Libraries for novel natural product inhibitors of this target we have developed a sensitive immobilised TNF alpha receptor binding assay based on a commercially available recombinant soluble TNF alpha receptor (p55) and [125I]-TNF alpha.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of two microkeratome systems.

BACKGROUND: Microkeratomes are currently used for keratomiluesis in situ (automated lamellar keratoplasty) for myopia and hyperopia and for laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). Visual and refractive complications have been reported with these refractive surgical procedures. We compared two microkeratomes in their ability to resect corneal lamellae to gain insight into possible mechanism(s) of refractive and visual complications following lamellar refractive procedures. METHODS: Using an eyebank eye model, we performed automated lamellar keratoplasty to theoretically correct 10.00 diopters (D) of myopia using the Automated Corneal Shaper, manufactured by Chiron, Inc. and the MicroPrecision microkeratome, manufactured by Eye Technology, Inc. Diameters before (wet) and after fixation, thicknesses of excised tissue, and scanning electron microscopy were measured in a masked evaluation to compare instruments. Ultrasonic corneal pachymetry and a mechanical tissue compression gauge were also used to assess thickness of excised tissue. RESULTS: The Chiron automated corneal shaper created blade chatter marks at the edges of all excisions, smaller than anticipated excision diameters, and a wide range of tissue thicknesses. In contrast, the MicroPrecision microkeratome created smoother resections of all tissues without creating blade marks; tissue diameters and thicknesses were closer to the intended dimensions compared to the Chiron automated corneal shaper. CONCLUSION: Different microkeratomes create different morphologic features as they excise corneal tissue. Differences in instrument design, mechanics of the tissue excision and blade oscillation, and instrument traverse combined with surgical skill influence the configuration of lamellar keratotomies.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The health of nations.

In his new book, "Fighting for New Zealand", Labour Leader Mike Moore focuses on the challenges of growth, jobs and economic prosperity, and offers his prescription for achieving progress. In this article, based on a chapter in the book titled "The Health of Nations", Mr. Moore argues the case for the advancement of New Zealand's public health system. He advocates creative use of new technology to emulate the pioneering vision that gave New Zealand such outstanding services as Plunket and school dental nurses.

Health Policy↗
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Serious and fatal firearm injuries among children and adolescents in Alaska: 1991-1997.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To describe demographics, causal factors, intent, and incident locations of serious and fatal firearm injuries among children and adolescents in Alaska, for the years 1991 through 1997. METHODS: Data from the Alaska Trauma Registry plus Vital Statistics death certificates were reviewed for a seven-year period (1991-1997). Data elements included are: intent (ICD 9-CM E-Codes and narratives); age group; region of incident; place of occurrence; alcohol or drug involvement; type of firearm used; and perpetrator. RESULTS: During the seven-year study period, 222 children and adolescents ages 0-19 years were admitted to a hospital for a non-fatal firearm injury, plus 165 others received fatal firearm injuries. Of these 387 serious and fatal injuries, 34.9% (135) were determined to be unintentional, 36.4% (141) were suicides or suicide attempts, 23.3% (90) were homicide/assaults, 0.5% (2) were legal intervention, and for 4.9% (19) intent was unknown. Rates of serious and fatal firearm injuries per 100,000 youth for the six-year study period ranged from 14 in the Fairbanks North Star Borough and the Kenai Peninsula Borough to 105 in the Yukon-Kuskokwim Region. The statewide average for this period was 27.1 per 100,000 children and adolescents. CONCLUSIONS: Firearm injuries are a leading cause of serious and fatal injuries to children and youth in Alaska. This study suggests that many children and adolescents in Alaska who were injured by firearms, or who caused injury to other children or youth by firearms, had easy access to them. Efforts should be made to convince adults not to let children or at risk teenagers have unsupervised access to firearms, and to promote safe storage of firearms.

Accidents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Traumatic brain injuries in Alaska, 1996-1998.

Traumatic brain injuries often lead to severe disability or death. These injuries most often affect younger, more active people and are likely to have enduring physical, emotional, and financial costs. In order to determine the incidence, etiology and severity of traumatic brain injuries in Alaska, the Alaska Department of Health and Social Services has conducted a three-year study of the demographic and epidemiologic characteristics of traumatic brain injuries in Alaska. From 1996 through 1998, 1,932 hospitalized cases or out-of-hospital deaths occurred in the state among Alaska residents, for an average incidence rate of 105.2 per 100,000 population. To analyze the incidence of these injuries, the Traumatic Brain Injury Surveillance Project analyzed the location, demographics, and etiology.

Accidents↗
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I.V. fluid therapy. Part 2. I.V. fluid selection.

I.v. fluid selection depends on the estimated fluid loss, the primary fluid compartment involved, the patient's underlying problem and the physiological and haemodynamic impact of the i.v. solution. Clinically, the most important problem is intravascular fluid volume deficit, which is associated with hypotension, inadequate tissue oxygenation and hypoperfusion of essential organs. Intravascular volume resuscitation is therefore of primary importance. Crystalloid solutions have the disadvantage of only small amounts remaining in the IVS whereas colloids are known as plasma volume expanders due to predominantly remaining in the IVS in the presence of an intact capillary endothelium. Managing i.v. fluid administration requires close observation of the patient's subtle responses that may indicate states of fluid depletion or overload. Understanding the physiological principles of the body's fluid distribution in relation to the clinical assessment of the patient's hydration status, together with knowledge of the selected i.v. solution's properties, will enable the nurse to provide quality nursing care and improve patient outcomes.

Colloids↗
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Abrogation of BCG-contact induced tumour inhibition by silica: implications for the mechanism of action.

The outgrowth of tumours from inocula of syngeneic rat tumour cells injected in admixture with BCG (Glaxo strain) is suppressed, the tumour cells apparently being destroyed in the milieu of the granulomatous reaction to the mycobacteria. The possible candidacy of macrophages as the major "effector cell" component was examined in experiments conducted in vivo using silica, a selective macrophage toxin. Intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of this agent abolished contact-induced inhibition of BCG against three transplanted rat sarcomas, although for two of them the abrogatory effect could not be achieved without prior in vitro cultivation of the tumours. It is suggested that i.p. silica not only destroys macrophages within the cavity but accomplishes systemic depletion to the extent that granulomata contain insufficient macrophages for tumour rejection. This deficit may be compensated to a variable extent by the presence of host macrophages within the initial bacterial: tumour cell inoculum, but in the absence of these cells, total abrogation of the inhibitory effect of BCG is the invariable outcome in silica-treated hosts.

Animals↗
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Epidemiologic, clinical, and laboratory features of Coxsackie B1-B5 infections in the United States, 1970-79.

In the period 1970 through 1979, the Coxsackie B1, B2, B3, B4, and B5 viruses constituted 24 percent of more than 18,000 enteroviruses isolated and reported through national surveillance. Young children, especially males, were most frequently affected: 48 percent of the national surveillance population were less than 5 years of age, including 30 percent who were less than 1 year old. Among the most frequently reported clinical syndromes associated with B infection were meningitis (in 56 percent of patients with B1-B5 infections), encephalitis (in 15 percent), and respiratory tract disease (in 14 percent). Carditis, a well-known B syndrome, was reported with only 2 percent of B1-B5 infections. Like most enteroviral agents, Group B viruses were isolated primarily during the summer: 87 percent of all these isolations were made during the 5 months from June through October. Although B2, B3, and B4 viruses were isolated at relatively uniform levels each year, B1 and B5 viral illnesses occurred nationwide as explosive epidemics only in certain years. A separate population of B-infected patients, identified by the Nassau County Medical Center (NCMC) Virus Laboratory, East Meadow, N.Y., during the same 10-year period, was studied to compare epidemiologic characteristics and to evaluate in greater detail clinical and laboratory features of B infections. Because of more active solicitation of specimens for testing, ascertainment in the NCMC system was more complete. The most frequently reported clinical findings at NCMC included fever (97 percent of cases), which was biphasic in 27 percent; pharyngitis (85 percent); vomiting (56 percent); headache (49 percent); other respiratory signs and symptoms (44 percent); diarrhea (40 percent); abdominal pain (33 percent); rash (31 percent); and otitis (28 percent). Rash was more frequently associated with younger than with older age groups (P < .01) for all B agents. Overall, throat (T) and rectal (R) swabs had the highest B-positivity rates among known infected patients(83 percent for T and 78 percent for R). Only for T was the positivity rate correlated with the interval between onset of illness and obtaining the specimen (P < .05). B agents grew most quickly from T specimens, but most reliably from R specimens. On the basis of these data,the authors recommend that both T and R specimens be obtained from every patient for whom prompt and reliable laboratory diagnosis of B infection is sought.To the authors' knowledge, these results from 10 years of national surveillance represent the largest surveillance summary of Coxsackie B viruses to date in the literature. Comparison of these results with those reported over the same 10 years by NCMC reflects differences that arise mostly because of differences in ascertainment systems.

Adolescent↗
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Traumatic head and spinal cord injuries in Alaska (1991-1993).

Traumatic head and spinal cord injuries (SCI) are serious events, often leading to severe disability or death. Because these injuries are experienced most often by younger, more active people, they are associated with some of the most enduring physical, emotional, and financial costs. In order to describe several demographic and epidemiologic characteristics of traumatic head and spinal cord injuries in Alaska, a retrospective study was conducted using information collected from the Alaska Trauma Registry (ATR) for hospital trauma admissions in 1991 through 1993. Hospitalized traumatic head injury were identified in 2178 cases, for an average annual incidence rate of 129.5 per 100,000 population. For hospitalized traumatic SCI, 139 cases were identified, for an average annual incidence rate of 8.3 per 100,000 population. To analyze and assess the incidence of these injuries in Alaska, the following injury characteristics were explored through the Alaska Trauma Registry: demographics, mechanism of injury, work relatedness, use of safety equipment, involvement of alcohol, and discharge status.

Accidents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A study of clients returning for counseling after HIV testing: implications for improving rates of return.

Pretest and posttest counseling have become standard components of prevention-oriented human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody testing programs. However, not all persons who receive pretest counseling and testing return for posttest counseling. Records of 557,967 clients from January through December 1990, representing more than 40 percent of all publicly funded HIV counseling and testing, were analyzed to determine variables independently associated with returning for HIV posttest counseling. On average, 63 percent of clients returned for posttest counseling. The rate varied by self-reported risk behavior, sex, race or ethnicity, age, site of counseling and testing, reason for visit, and HIV serostatus. In multivariate logistic models, persons who were young, African American, and pretest counseled in sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics or family planning clinics were least likely to return for posttest counseling. Those clients who consider themselves to be at risk for HIV infection may be more likely to act on that perception and to follow through with posttest counseling than those who do not perceive risk. Counselors should make special efforts during pretest counseling to encourage adolescents, members of racial or ethnic minorities, and persons seen in STD and family planning clinics to return for posttest counseling by helping them understand and accept their own personal risk of HIV infection. Counselors need to establish, with the client's participation, a specific plan for receiving test results and posttest counseling.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Tumor necrosis factor receptor-1 signaling is required for differentiation of follicular dendritic cells, germinal center formation, and full antibody responses.

Using mice double deficient for tumor necrosis factor and lymphotoxin alpha (TNF/LT alpha-/-) we have demonstrated that TNF and/or LT alpha are important for morphogenesis of secondary lymphoid organs and for T-cell-dependent antibody responses. In the present study we attempted to identify the receptors involved in those functions of TNF and LT alpha. Spleen morphology and antibody responses were investigated in wild-type, TNFR1-/-, TNFR2-/-, and TNF/LT alpha-/- mice immunized with SRBC. TNF/LT alpha-/- mice, which have a complete disruption of the TNF/LT alpha signaling system including the lymphotoxin beta (LT beta) receptor pathway, displayed an abnormal splenic microarchitecture and isotype switch did not take place. TNFR1-/- and TNFR2-/- mice displayed a normal splenic morphology and mounted an IgM and IgG antibody response to SRBC. However, the IgG production in TNFR1-/- mice was abnormal, with titers leveling off after 6 days following primary immunization, and with a minimal response to a second antigen challenge. Immunofluorescence analysis of spleen sections revealed in this strain a lack of follicular dendritic cell (FDC) network and of germinal centers. In conclusion, while normal splenic microarchitecture and isotype switch might require the LT beta receptor, differentiation of the FDC network, development of germinal centers, a sustained IgG response, and probably the development of memory cells depend on signaling via TNFR1.

Animals↗