Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M Moore

Publications and source records attributed to M Moore.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

AIDS education and prevention programs for intravenous drug users: the California experience.

The state of California, pursuant to 1985 legislation, established the California AIDS Program (CAP) within the state Office of AIDS. As part of this program, the Office of AIDS contracts with public and private agencies to provide AIDS education to specific target groups throughout the state. Intravenous drug users (IVDUs) constitute one of the target populations singled out for special attention by the state. This article, based on a statewide evaluation, describes the AIDS education programs for IVDUs funded by the Office of AIDS. The types of educational interventions used are presented, both for IVDUs in treatment and those not in treatment. The unique problems in reaching this target population are also discussed. The article concludes that the state is making a good effort to reach IVDUs, but that further educational and evaluative efforts are needed. Specifically, the individual educational programs must move beyond the transmission and evaluation of cognitive knowledge about AIDS to an assessment of the attitudes that impede behavior change.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1990

Enrichment of gamma/delta T cells in peripheral blood lymphocytes activated with interleukin-2.

Human peripheral blood lymphocytes cultured with 1000 U/ml recombinant (r) IL-2 were quantitatively analyzed for gamma/delta T cells relative to their very low levels in fresh blood. For this purpose the moAB TCR delta 1 recognizing the delta chain of TCR 1 was used. In addition IL-2 activated lymphocytes were tested for their antitumour cytotoxicity and their cytotoxic activity against autologous and allogeneic lymphocytes. The results show a significant increase in gamma/delta T cells of up to 35% in human lymphocytes cultured for 20 days with 1000 U/ml rIL-2. This increase of gamma/delta T cells was associated with the appearance of cytotoxic activity against autologous and allogeneic lymphocytes. It seems reasonable that gamma/delta T cells might be responsible for autologous cytotoxicity of long term cultured IL-2 activated lymphocytes. When sorting fresh blood lymphocytes for Leu 19+ and Leu 19- before IL-2 activation, enrichment of gamma/delta T cells could be demonstrated in both subpopulations after 20 days of culture. The question arises whether gamma/delta T cells have any functional significance in IL-2 activated lymphocytes.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1990

HIV infection and AIDS in England and Wales: general practitioners' workload and contact with patients.

In mid-1988 a postal survey was conducted of one in five general practitioners in England and Wales, to examine their contact with people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) or with worries about HIV infection or AIDS. The response rate was 63.9%. Of the 3339 respondents 22.7% knew of an asymptomatic HIV positive patient within their practice, 5.4% knew of a symptomatic HIV positive patient and 6.4% knew of a patient with AIDS. The estimated annual rate for HIV-related consultations in general practice (including consultations with the 'worried well') was 6.5 per 1000 population. HIV-related consultations occurred more frequently in the four Thames health regions than elsewhere. A sample of 715 practitioners who reported consultations with HIV infected people or those with worries about infection in the previous month, were invited to keep a diary of HIV-related consultations for one week. The response rate to the diary was 64%. Nineteen per cent of the 273 consultations recorded in the diaries were initiated by homosexual men, 16.5% by injecting drug users, 10.3% by the sexual partners of people at risk of infection; 42.9% of consultations were not associated with recognized risk factors. The results indicate that general practitioners have substantial contact with patients with HIV infection, with AIDS and with worries about HIV infection or AIDS. This contact is likely to increase, alongside the anticipated spread of HIV infection, with consequent implications for general practice resources.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1990

The application of enhanced chemiluminescence to membrane-based nucleic acid detection.

The ECL gene detection system is a novel, sensitive, non-radioactive system for the detection of nucleic acid hybridized on both nylon and nitrocellulose membranes. It is characterized by direct labeling of probe sequences with horseradish peroxidase combined with an enhanced chemiluminescent (ECL) detection reaction; the light output is captured on blue-light sensitive film. The application of the system to a range of standard molecular biology hybridization techniques is described.

Blotting, Northern↗
PubMed1989

Tumor acquisition, propagation, and preservation. The culture of human colorectal cancer.

Fourteen new colorectal cancer cell lines were developed as part of a tumor acquisition, propagation, and preservation program for biotherapy. Fifty-six specimens were received. Nine cell lines were generated from biopsies; seven of these cell lines were from metastatic lesions. Five additional cell lines were developed from xenografts grown in nude mice. Biopsies that produced three of these xenografts gave rise to parallel culture cell lines. Biopsy-derived and xenograft-derived cell lines from the same tumor behaved similarly in culture and exhibited similar markers when assessed immunohistochemically. Collagen substrate was beneficial in the primary culture of 50% of the specimens tested. Collagen was required for the successful propagation of two cell lines.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Lack of correlation between peripheral blood lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cell function and clinical response in patients with advanced malignant melanoma receiving recombinant interleukin 2.

A phase-I/II study of recombinant interleukin 2 (rIL-2) was performed in 31 melanoma patients. The first dose of rIL-2 was given intrasplenically followed 4 hr later by an i.v. dose and 3 further i.v. doses on alternate days. Three courses of treatment were planned at 3-week intervals. The maximum tolerated single dose was 11 x 10(6) Cetus U/m2. Haematological and immunological data were available on 20 patients. Post-treatment response to rIL-2 therapy was evident from (i) a rapid depletion of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) with a rebound at 4-7 days (2 times pre-treatment values); (ii) an increase in the number of IL-2 receptor-positive lymphocytes (4-15 times pre-treatment values); (iii) an increase in the number of "positive" patients with cytotoxic (anti-K562) peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 30% to 80%; (iv) amplified killing of K562 by positive patients in relation to pre-treatment values; and (v) the induction of PBMC cytotoxicity (in 45% of patients) against the NK-resistant, LAK-sensitive target, Mel I. Partial clinical responses to rIL-2 treatment were observed in 4 patients, but these were not reflected in the PBMC LAK activity or the other parameters examined.

Cytotoxicity, Immunologic↗
PubMed1989

Predicting local recurrence of carcinoma of the rectum after preoperative radiotherapy and surgery.

A prospective study of prognostic factors has been carried out in a group of 186 patients with tethered rectal carcinomas. Of these, 97 were randomized to surgery alone and 89 to receive preoperative radiotherapy (20 Gy in four fractions). DNA ploidy was determined by flow cytometry. DNA aneuploidy was detected in 60 patients (62 per cent) in the surgery only group, but in only 33 patients (37 per cent) after radiotherapy (P less than 0.01). There was a significant reduction in local recurrence in irradiated patients (P less than 0.0001). DNA diploid tumours were less likely to recur locally. This was more marked in the radiotherapy group (P = 0.01) than in the surgery only group (P = 0.06). After radiotherapy, only the surgeons' assessments of a 'curative' resection and DNA ploidy were independent predictors of local recurrence in multivariate regression analysis, whilst Dukes' classification was not. In conclusion, DNA ploidy may indicate response to radiotherapy and is an important predictor of subsequent local tumour progression.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed1989

Characterization and autoprocessing of precursor and mature forms of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV 1) protease purified from Escherichia coli.

A recombinant plasmid encompassing the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV 1) protease coding sequence and flanking regions (Ala-13 to Gly-185 of the pol open reading frame) has been expressed in two distinct strains of Escherichia coli, AR58 and AR68. In the first strain, AR58, the primary translation product, a 25 kilodalton (kDa) precursor protein, is short-lived and rapidly processes itself to the 11 kDa mature protease in vivo. In the second strain, AR68, the 25 kDa species is only partially processed, and it, a 13 kDa intermediate, and the mature 11 kDa enzyme accumulate at a ratio of 3:4.5:2.5, respectively. The 11 kDa mature protease from AR58 and the 25 kDa precursor from AR68 have been purified to homogeneity. The yield of 11 kDa enzyme from AR58 is approximately 0.02 mg/g wet weight of E. coli cell pellet. The protease has both the expected NH2- and COOH-terminal sequences. The yield of 25 kDa enzyme from AR68 is approximately 0.1 mg/g wet weight of E. coli cell pellet. In vitro, the 25 kDa precursor enzyme rapidly (t1/2 approximately equal to 9 min) processes itself into a species with a mass of approximately 13 kDa and a species with a mass of approximately 11 kDa. Both of these latter species can be separated by RP-HPLC, have the NH2-terminal sequence expected for the mature protease, and are active. The 11 kDa enzyme from AR58 comigrates with the 11 kDa enzyme from AR68 on RP-HPLC and SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. On extended incubation at 4 degrees C at either neutral or acidic pH all species of the protein exhibit further autodegradation at defined sequences. The availability of the mature, 11 kDa enzyme and the 25 kDa precursor will allow biochemical and physical studies on this critical viral enzyme.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1989

Effect of in vivo administration of interferon gamma on expression of MHC products and tumour associated antigens in patients with metastatic melanoma.

IFN-gamma is an effective inducer of MHC class II antigen expression in cell lines of malignant melanoma. To investigate the possibility that IFN-gamma may increase MHC class I and II and melanoma tumour associated antigens in vivo, immunohistochemical analyses of biopsies from six patients with metastatic disease undergoing IFN-gamma treatment were performed. Before IFN-gamma treatment, the melanomas were class I positive and class II negative. After treatment, class I expression was neither enhanced nor class II expression induced in any tissue sample regardless of biopsy time or dose of IFN-gamma. TAA was similarly unchanged. However, in one of the six patients a primary cell line was established and IFN-gamma induced expression of MHC products. The possible reasons for lack of MHC induction are discussed, although qualitative changes in antigen expression cannot be excluded on the basis of qualitative immunocytochemical techniques alone.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Family system variables and the health status of adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

This study investigated the associations between important dimensions of family relations and the metabolic control of adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Participants were 94 intact families (mother, father, and adolescent) of adolescents with IDDM. Metabolic control was determined by the adolescents' level of HbA(1c), and family relations were assessed with the Marital Adjustment Scale and the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales-II. Although zero-order correlations showed that good metabolic control was associated with high family cohesion, family flexibility, and high marital satisfaction, hierarchical regression analyses revealed that these associations were considerably attenuated when participant demographic variables, especially the duration of IDDM, were controlled. Follow-up analyses showed that the associations between family relations and metabolic control were mediated by the duration of IDDM. Under conditions of short duration, there were strong associations between family relations and metabolic control. As duration lengthened, however, these associations decreased substantially. These results suggest that the associations between family relations and health are relatively complex in this sample of adolescents with IDDM.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1989

Recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) given intrasplenically and intravenously for advanced malignant melanoma. A phase I and II study.

Recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) was used to treat 31 patients with progressing metastatic malignant melanoma. Only three patients had disease confined to non-visceral sites; the median number of organ sites involved was four. The first dose of rIL-2 was given intrasplenically (to stimulate cytotoxic cells in high concentration) via a femoral artery catheter, and four further i.v. doses were given over 6 days. A total of three courses at 21-day intervals was planned. Doses were escalated in 15 patients from 1 x 10(6) to 16.4 x 10(4) Cetus units m-2. The maximum tolerated dose (11.0 x 10(6) U m-2) was used in the other 16 patients. Of the 71 courses, severe but transient toxicity requiring interruption of rIL-2 or additional care occurred on three courses (dyspnoea) and 15 from hypotension, but the patients' performance status improved. Four patients had partial tumour responses although in only one patient did response occur in all sites of disease. However, responses occurred in visceral sites and six patients are alive at 9-16 months. IL-2 is of use in advanced melanoma and does not need complicated ICU facilities.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

New parameters for evaluating oral rehydration therapy: one year's experience in a major urban hospital in Zaire.

Oral rehydration therapy (ORT) is a simple treatment for diarrhoeal dehydration that must be administered correctly to be effective. In August 1984 an ORT service was established at Mama Yemo Hospital in Kinshasa, Zaire. During the first 12 months, 5530 children with diarrhoea were treated, and their clinical history and treatment evaluated. We used indicators traditionally used for individual case management as operational tools to monitor the quality of treatment on the ORT service as a whole. These included quantity of liquids prescribed and given, time spent at the centre, weight gained during rehydration, and discharge status. Analysis using these indicators showed that adverse outcome (death or hospitalization), when it did occur, was not associated with inadequate ORT treatment. Instead, it was associated with clinical antecedents including fever, measles or 'other' complaint. We conclude that indicators reflecting quality of treatment are useful in identifying operational problems associated with oral rehydration services and that our frequent conferences with the pediatric personnel helped to rectify these problems. To our knowledge, this study represents the largest hospital-based ORT population yet reported, and the first of its kind from an African country.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1989

Increasing empathy among medical students.

The objective of the research was to evaluate the short- and long-term effectiveness of teaching medical students interviewing skills. Methods of teaching communication skills included a workshop for clinical instructors, as an indirect approach, a workshop for medical students, as a direct approach, and a combination of both. Results demonstrated that in order to stimulate medical students to use supporting-interview skills, they themselves should participate in an interpersonal skills workshop. Being taught these skills by teachers who have participated in the workshop does not have the same positive effect.

Clinical Clerkship↗
PubMed1989

Nucleotide sequence of a chromosomal mercury resistance determinant from a Bacillus sp. with broad-spectrum mercury resistance.

A 13.5-kilobase HindIII fragment, bearing an intact mercury resistance (mer) operon, was isolated from chromosomal DNA of broad-spectrum mercury-resistant Bacillus sp. strain RC607 by using as a probe a clone containing the mercury reductase (merA) gene. The new clone, pYW33, expressed broad-spectrum mercury resistance both in Escherichia coli and in Bacillus subtilis, but only in B. subtilis was the mercuric reductase activity inducible. Sequencing of a 1.8-kilobase mercury hypersensitivity-producing fragment revealed four open reading frames (ORFs). ORF1 may code for a regulatory protein (MerR). ORF2 and ORF4 were associated with cellular transport function and the hypersensitivity phenotype. DNA fragments encompassing the merA and the merB genes were sequenced. The predicted Bacillus sp. strain RC607 MerA (mercuric reductase) and MerB (organomercurial lyase) were similar to those predicted from Staphylococcus aureus plasmid pI258 (67 and 73% amino acid identities, respectively); however, only 40% of the amino acid residues of RC607 MerA were identical to those of the mercuric reductase from gram-negative bacteria. A 69-kilodalton polypeptide was isolated and identified as the merA gene product by examination of its amino-terminal sequence.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1989

Stimulation of human prostatic carcinoma cell growth by factors present in human bone marrow.

Malignant prostatic carcinoma, a major cause of cancer mortality in males, most often metastasizes to secondary sites in bone. Frequently, the growth rate of the secondary tumor in bone marrow is considerably greater than that of the slowly growing primary prostatic tumor. We now report that two lines of human prostatic carcinoma cells proliferate in response to conditioned media from unstimulated human, rat, or bovine bone marrow. Nonprostatic tumor cell lines showed little or no growth response to the same medium. The proliferative activity found in bone marrow was not duplicated by any of a variety of purified growth factors including epidermal growth factor (EGF), acidic or basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), transforming growth factor (TGF) alpha or beta, interleukins 1, 2, 3, 4 or 6, granulocyte (G), macrophage (M) or granulocyte-macrophage (GM) colony stimulating factor (CSF). Whereas a mixture of G-CSF, M-CSF, and IL 3 produced a mitogenic response in the prostatic carcinoma cells, these three factors were not present in our bone marrow samples in sufficient quantities to promote the observed proliferative response. To further identify the cellular source of the proliferative activity present in bone marrow-conditioned medium, we tested conditioned media made from human bone marrow stromal cells. The stromal cell conditioned medium stimulated increased growth of the prostatic carcinoma cells to levels equivalent to those observed with the bone marrow conditioned medium. These results suggest that novel mitogenic factors that are produced by bone marrow stromal cells and remain in the bone marrow cavity may account, in part, for the preferential growth of prostatic metastases in bone.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1989

Battling the biomedical information explosion: a plan for implementing a quality filtered database.

In 1980 an article appeared in the Archives of Internal Medicine stating that two-thirds of the studies appearing in the best medical journals contain unwarranted conclusions. In order to deal with the ever increasing mass of biomedical information (termed a "journalistic blastoma" by one editor), IAIMS has extolled the use of quality filters, devices to sort through the literature and sift the good from the bad. The complexity of the task is staggering. Quality is obviously subjective, and its nature raises the question of whether our users can be taught the necessary skills to systematically evaluate the literature. This report is based on a research project that grew into an elective course for medical students at Texas Tech University School of Medicine on "Critical Appraisal of the Biomedical Literature."

Computer User Training↗