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Biomedical subjects

M Moon

Publications and source records attributed to M Moon.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Lack of evidence of prolonged human immunodeficiency virus infection before antibody seroconversion.

Recently, considerable concern has been raised regarding the possibility that antibody-based screening tests for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may fail to detect certain high-risk individuals for prolonged periods of time. It has been proposed that testing for HIV-related antigen may be a necessary procedure to detect such individuals. To address this issue, we longitudinally studied two groups of homosexual men: direct sexual partners of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or AIDS-related complex (ARC) patients and individuals who ultimately sero-converted. There was no evidence of prolonged infection with HIV in the absence of detectable antibody in these two groups. It appears at this time that, even among subjects at very high risk for HIV infection, currently available antibody-based assays are sufficient to identify infected individuals.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1986

In vivo identification of sialic acid as the ocular receptor for Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

In vivo bacterial adherence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to the immature ocular epithelium was mediated by a sialic (N-acetylneuraminic) acid (NANA) receptor. Saturation of binding sites on the bacterial surface by NANA prevented attachment of the organism to the epithelial cell membrane receptor. Additionally, a significant number of animals receiving NANA-treated organisms were protected from septicemia and death. In vivo protection studies showed excellent correlation with scanning electron microscopy, in that the number of adherent organisms at the corneal surface decreased dramatically in the presence of NANA. These studies exhibit a strong correlation with clinical cases of human infant ocular infection.

Adhesiveness↗
PubMed1985

Actinlike material in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Actinlike material was obtained from disrupted Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells by a modification of the method of Hancock and Nikaido (J. Bacteriol. 136:381-390) for isolating outer membrane vesicles. Pelleted membranes were dissolved in Laemmli sample buffer and electrophoresed in parallel lanes with purified rabbit skeletal muscle actin. The bacterial preparation migrated similarly to rabbit skeletal muscle actin. A doublet band was detectable by affinity-purified antiactin antibody in a passive transfer immunoblot. Molecular weight of the actinlike protein doublet was 60,000 to 63,000 as determined by linear regression analysis of Bio-Rad low-molecular-weight standards run on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Transmission electron microscopy of the actinlike material in high salt concentrations revealed 10- to 14-nm filaments of various lengths. Despite its ability to form filaments and to react with a polyclonal rabbit antiactin antibody, the bacterial filaments did not bind the S-1 fragment of heavy meromyosin.

Actins↗
PubMed1984

An introduction to the Medicare financing problem.

The Medicare program faces serious financing problems for both hospital and physician services. Spending on medical care is growing more rapidly than national income. The sources and magnitude of the problems are outlined, and a range of approaches explored. Resolution will come from coordination and interaction among several of these approaches to reducing outlays and increasing revenues.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1981

Medical care transfers, poverty and the aged.

This article explores alternative approaches to calculating the value of Medicare and Medicaid and the impact of these programs on the incidence of poverty among the aged. Three methodological frameworks are contrasted, both in theory and in practice. Medical benefits are measured, respectively, as the cost to the government of providing the program, as the amount of cash that would leave the recipient equally well-off, and as the amount of funds freed for spending on other goods. The size of benefits is particularly sensitive to the measurement technique employed. Consequently, when medical benefits are added to income to estimate their antipoverty impact between 1968 and 1974, the choice of measurement approach remains important. The estimated amount of poverty reduction attributable to Medicare and Medicaid ranges between 26 and 61 percent.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Health, obesity, and earnings.

Published reports and economic theory suggest that a worker's earnings may be affected by his degree of obesity. The purpose of this research was to estimate the size of such an effect. The earnings-obesity hypothesis was tested with data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Mature Men. Results of the test suggest that, for members of that sample, there is no earnings-depressant effect due to obesity.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Hepatic lipid metabolism. Age-related changes in triglyceride metabolism.

Age-related changes in hepatic triglyceride formation have been described in developing rats. Triglyceride formation was measured in vitro in the presence of [14C]glycerol-3-phosphate, palmitate, ATP, CoA, and Mg2+ by using liver homogenates and microsomal fractions derived from various age groups of animals. Triglyceride formation was most active in one-day-old rats and then decrease with age. The increase in triglyceride formation following birth was prevented by the administration of puromycin or by denying suckling. In addition, changes in plasma and hepatic triglyceride concentrations, were also determined as functions of age. These studies suggest that the age of the animal significantly influences triglyceride metabolism.

Aging↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Controlled cross circulation in dogs: effects on donor hemodynamics.

Controlled cross circulation (CCC) was performed in six pairs of dogs for 45 minutes with aortic cross clamping and cardioplegia. Data were collected in donor dogs at 10 minute intervals three times before, three times during, and three times after CCC and included arterial blood pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP), central venous pressure (CVP), cardiac index (CI), heart rate (HR), blood gas analysis, temperature, maximum rate of rise of left ventricular pressure dP/dt max/End diastolic volume (EDV), blood volume (BV), complete blood count (CBC) and activated clotting times (ACT). Pulse pressure (PP), systemic vascular resistance (SVR), oxygen delivery (DO2), and left ventricular cardiac work (LVCW) were calculated. Arterial blood pressure, CVP, blood gas analysis, temperature, BV, CBC, and ACT were measured in recipient dogs. During CCC, donor hemodynamic changes resembled those observed in models of acute onset arteriovenous fistulas. Insidious BV shifts can occur despite the use of occlusive roller pumps. After CCC, donor hemodynamics resembled acute blood loss, characterized by decreases in mean arterial pressure (MAP), CVP, PCWP, and CI, and increases in SVR and dP/dt max/EDV. These changes were probably caused by pump imbalance and BV shift to the recipient dog.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Correlation of clinical, radiographic, and surgical localization of intervertebral disc extrusion in small-breed dogs: a prospective study of 50 cases.

OBJECTIVE: To compare prospectively clinical, radiographic, and surgical findings of intervertebral disc extrusion (IDE) localization in small-breed dogs and to determine the best means of lesion localization for the purpose of hemilaminectomy. STUDY DESIGN: Clinical, radiographic, and surgical findings of small-breed dogs with thoracolumbar IDE were prospectively compared for agreement on lesion localization. SAMPLE POPULATION: 50 small-breed dogs with IDE treated at the three participating veterinary hospitals were included in the study if no other confounding diseases were identified and if the owner gave permission for diagnostic tests and surgery. METHODS: Clinical and surgical findings were recorded by the surgeon assigned to the case. Radiographic studies were evaluated independently by two radiologists blinded as to the clinical and surgical findings. kappa values and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for agreement on lesion localization by clinical, radiographic, and surgical means and for agreement between radiologists. RESULTS: kappa values for agreement of lesion localization were as follows: clinical versus surgical, 0.595; radiologist A versus radiologist B, 0.81; radiologist A versus surgical findings, 0.60; radiologist B versus surgical findings, 0.71. Both radiologists' interpretation of IDE localization agreed with surgical localization in 60% of cases. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical lateralization of IDE was found to be the least reliable factor of those studied for determining on which side the hemilaminectomy should be performed. Results of this study differ from those of previous studies examining the reliability of myelography to localize the site of IDE accurately. The results of this study further suggest that surgery may not be an absolute standard for determination of the localization of IDE in small-breed dogs. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Intervertebral disc extrusion in small-breed dogs frequently results in bilateral distribution of extruded material. Computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging may be necessary to delineate completely the distribution of extruded disc material in IDE.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Post-operative computed tomography in two dogs with cerebral meningioma.

Post-operative computed tomography (CT) has been described as a technique for diagnosing incomplete resection or recurrence of cerebral neoplasms in humans. The characteristics of immediate postoperative CT images in dogs with intracranial pathology are unknown. This report describes findings from preoperative, immediate post-operative, and 4 week to 9 month follow-up CT examinations in two dogs with histologically-confirmed cerebral meningiomas. In images of one dog after surgery there was mild contrast enhancement of the tissue surrounding the surgical site. This enhancement had resolved in later images and was probably the result of surgically induced trauma. In post operative images of the other dog there was significant hyperattenuation of the tissues around the surgical site. In post contrast images there was increased enhancement that was evident in later images. These findings, although not supported by necropsy, probably indicate incomplete excision of the tumor.

Animals↗