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Biomedical subjects

M Mojon

Publications and source records attributed to M Mojon.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Analysis of the monohexosylceramide fraction of Echinococcus multilocularis metacestodes.

Monohexosylceramides of Echinococcus multilocularis metacestodes have been isolated and analyzed by thin-layer chromatography, gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. 90.9% of the parasite fraction was galactosylceramide; glucosylceramide was present at only 9.1%. The most important fatty acids were normal C16:0 and C26:0 fatty acids. The hydroxylated fatty acids of the ceramide part constituted 20.1% of the total, their major constituents were C18:0 and C26:0. The sphinganine accounted for 70.4% of long-chain bases, phytosphingosine and sphingosine were also detected. The importance of the long chain fatty acids and the presence of sphinganine in the monohexosylceramide fraction were discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Type I reactions directed against Pneumocystis carinii in AIDS patients.

Type I allergy directed against Pneumocystis carinii (PC) has been investigated in 14 patients with AIDS. The Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia often shows a rapid and severe course, and type I allergy against the parasite might be a pathogenic co-factor in the interstitial lung inflammation. In twelve of the AIDS patients the clinical symptoms and course of illness indicated a PC pneumonia. The basophil histamine release test was used as a sensitive test to detect type I allergy against PC. Eight of the patients showed significant histamine release when stimulated with PC. In contrast, only two patients in the group of 12 HIV antibody-positive homosexual men and none in the control group of 13 heterosexual men released histamine. The histamine release was mediated by an immunological reaction, since the release was abolished and regained by removal from and refixation to the cell surface of the cell-bound immunoglobulins before the antigen challenge. The results suggest an involvement of type I allergy as a pathogenic co-factor in Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

[Monitoring and treatment of toxoplasmosis in the pregnant woman, fetus and newborn].

A protocol of monitoring and treatment in toxoplasmosis is suggested by the authors. During pregnancy, the administration of spiramycine at a 9 m UI daily dose remains the basic preventive treatment when a seroconversion occurs after a 4 week post-conception period. In the fetus, the antenatal diagnosis is made by ultrasound started on the 18th week after conception and repeated every 4 weeks, amniocentesis and eventually umbilical cord puncture associated with a pyrimethamine-sulfamide drug treatment in case of positive diagnosis. A therapeutic pregnancy termination is considered when lesions have been detected by ultrasound. In the newborn (neonatal or post-natal period), the diagnosis is made by transfontanel ultrasonography, ocular fundi and spinal fluid examination, detection of specific IgM antibodies in cord blood and the evolution and importance of serum antibodies response requiring a drug treatment during 15-18 months with spiramycine and pyrimethamine + sulfadoxine (Fansidar).

Amniocentesis↗
PubMed1989

[A new etiology of traveler's diarrhea in children: Cryptosporidium diarrhea].

Cryptosporidiosis is a frequent cause of Traveler's diarrhea in children. In its acute or chronic form, this diarrhea is often accompanied by dehydration and accompanying deterioration in health. Diagnosis may be reached by inspection of the stools, for parasites, utilising specific but simple procedures. The latter tests should be carried out by the laboratory in addition to the routine parasitological examination. Prognosis is good in immunocompetent children since the clinical signs spontaneously regress within about a month. The only treatment consists in symptomatic treatment of diarrhea. Spiramycin, though not constantly effective, is reserved for immunosuppressed patients.

Child↗
PubMed1989

[Praziquantel in human hydatidosis. Evaluation by preoperative treatment].

The efficacy of praziquantel has been studied in human hydatic disease due to E. granulosus, using parasitological and pharmacological criteria of improvement. This evaluation uses a prospective therapeutic trial in 15 patients with one or several hydatic cysts in different sites. Before surgery, nine of these received daily 75 mg/kg of praziquantel in 2 courses of 10 days each. The other six patients are considered as controls. The protoscolices vitality is determined by direct optic microscopy and by intraperitoneal mouse inoculation. According to the results of optic microscopy, praziquantel sterilizes hydatic cysts: 19 sterilized cysts out of 26 coming from treated patients, and 4 out of 11 in control group. This effect seems to be emphasized in hepatic localization. Nevertheless, according to the results of mouse inoculation, praziquantel does not significantly reduce the pathogenicity of inoculated proscolices and germinal layer: 11 mice out of 39 are healthy in the treated group, and 5 out of 15 in controls. Moreover, the determination with a fluorimetric method has not detected praziquantel in the hydatid liquid issued from treated patients. The drug does not pass through the cyst wall, and so, cannot have a scolicidal activity. Praziquantel cannot be considered as a medical treatment in human hydatidosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Evaluation of a Candida antigen detection test (Cand-Tec) in the diagnosis of deep candidiasis in neutropenic patients.

The diagnostic efficiency of a serum Candida antigen detection test Cand-Tec test) was prospectively investigated in 104 leukemic patients treated by intensive chemotherapy or allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Candida antigen titers were determined on admission and then weekly as long as patients remained neutropenic. Nine patients had a proven disseminated yeast infection (diagnosed only at autopsy in five cases). The highest Candida antigen titers were 1:2 in two patients and 1:4 or more in seven patients (sensitivity: 76% for this last titer). This highest titer was observed 12 days before to 3 days after the diagnosis. Seven out of the 97 patients without proven deep candidiasis had a maximum titer of 1:4 (specificity: 93%). The positive predictive value was 50% for a titer of 1:4 and 24% for a titer of 1:2, whereas the negative predictive value was 100% for a titer of 1:4 and 97% for a titer of 1:2. Patients with elevated titers were mostly treated by chemotherapy, were older and had a worse prognosis than those with negative titers, although the duration of neutropenia was similar. It is concluded that Candida antigen detection is a reliable method of diagnosis of deep candidiasis in neutropenic patients. The clinical interest in this test, with special regard to empiric antifungal therapy, is discussed.

Agranulocytosis↗
PubMed1988

The effect of isatin on the Echinococcus granulosus cyst in an experimental host.

The effect of isatin on the E. granulosus cyst was studied. NMRI mice, which were infected with E. granulosus of sheep origin, were treated daily with isatin at a dose of 50 mg kg-1 for 18 days. Ultrastructural damage was observed in the treated cysts, including accumulation of lamellar stacks, electron-dense granules, autophagosomes and lipid vesicles. Moreover, a biochemical study showed an inhibition of alkaline phosphatase activity, with a decrease in carbohydrate storage and an increase in acid phosphatase activity. In spite of the short duration of the treatment, the results obtained allowed us to conclude that isatin acts on E. granulosus cysts. This activity appears as a process of degeneration linked to the alkaline phosphatase inhibitory effect of isatin.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1988

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay compared with indirect immunofluorescence test for detection of Pneumocystis carinii specific immunoglobulins G, M, and A.

An ELISA to measure Pneumocystis carinii-specific IgG, IgM, and IgA has been developed. The antigen was prepared from purified cysts by sonication and ultracentrifugation. Antigen particles with sedimentation coefficients less than 165 S were used. The technique has been compared with indirect immunofluorescence, using whole cysts as antigen. Ninety human sera were assayed. The results were significantly correlated. The ELISA-technique was more sensitive, and owing to the soluble antigen the daily variation was less than 1 per cent. The technique is useful for quick and reliable detection of Pneumocystis carinii antibodies in a routine laboratory.

Antibodies, Protozoan↗
PubMed1987

Treatment of strongyloides stercoralis with albendazole. A cure rate of 86 per cent.

A clinical trial concerning the efficacy of albendazole has been performed in an area outside the endemic zone. Sixty-eight patients were treated with albendazole in doses varying from 4-30 mg/kg/day for 3-6 days. A high cure rate of 86 per cent was obtained with albendazole 16 mg/kg/day for three days and repeated once after a fortnight. The albendazole was well tolerated and no side effects were imputed to the treatment. Successful treatment was confirmed by seven negative, consecutive coprocultures. The follow up period ranged from 35 to 615 days.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Albendazole and thiabendazole in murine strongyloidiasis.

The activity of albendazole and thiabendazole, two derivatives of benzimidazole, were tested in an experimental model of Strongyloides ratti infestation in the rat. Two series of seven consecutive daily negative parasitic plate cultures, separated by four weeks of steroid therapy, confirmed cure of the infestation. Both drugs were inactive against larvae in the tissue phase, but completely effective in the intestinal phase.

Albendazole↗
PubMed1987

[Values and limitations of the detection of circulating Candida antigen (Cand-Tec) in the diagnosis of deep candidiasis].

Diagnosis of systemic candidiasis is difficult and often performed lately. It can be improved by Candida antigen detection, using agglutination of latex particles sensitized with anti-Candida albicans antibody. Candida antigen search was made in 407 sera obtained from 123 patients, in Hematology and in intensive care units. Fourty three patients had, at least, one serum positive for antigen. The titer was 1/2, 1/4 and 1/8. Twenty seven of the 43 patients had C. albicans in one or several localizations. Eight of these 27 patients had a systemic candidiasis: C. albicans grown from three blood samples, at least, and/or from organ biopsy. In these eight patients, the antigen titer was 1/4 ou 1/8. Eighty patients were Candida antigen negative. Thirty eight out of 80 had C. albicans in one or more sites and two of these 38 had systemic candidiasis. Five other patients had other Candida species. Two out of five had C. tropicalis and C. guillermondii septicemia.

Adolescent↗