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Biomedical subjects

M Modan

Publications and source records attributed to M Modan.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

The mechanism of benign hereditary neutropenia.

Benign familial (hereditary) leukopenia and neutropenia (BFLN) have been reported in some ethnic groups, including black Americans and Yemenite Jews. The bone-marrow response of 34 Yemenite Jews (with and without neutropenia) to an intravenous injection of 200 mg of hydrocortisone sodium succinate was studied and compared with the response of 18 healthy control subjects. The mean +/- SEM of the increments in polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) following injection of hydrocortisone in Yemenite Jews (2,413 +/- 245/mm3 in neutropenic subjects and 2,187 +/- 343/mm3 in nonneutropenic subjects) were significantly lower than in the control subjects (4,431 +/- 467/mm3), without significant differences among the subgroups of the Yemenite Jews. The decreases in monocytes, lymphocytes, and eosinophils were similar in all groups. No correlation was found between baseline PMN levels and the increments following hydrocortisone administration. These results suggest a lowered bone-marrow response to hydrocortisone in subjects with BFLN, indicating some defect in PMNs release from the bone-marrow storage pool to the peripheral blood. It seems that this defect characterizes all members of the ethnic group, whether they have "overt" neutropenia or not.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Herpesvirus type 2 in adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix: a possible association.

Sera from 16 Jewish patients with histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix (AUC) and 32 control subjects matched by age and ethnic origin were examined for herpesvirus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) neutralizing antibodies. Titers were determined by means of the quantitative plaque reduction neutralization test on VERO cell monolayers, using HSV-1 strain VR3 and HSV-2 strain. Significantly increased levels of antibodies against both virus strains were found in the AUC patients as compared with the controls. The trends in the AUC series resembled those in a previous similar case-control study of squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix (SUC). Thus, the previously observed association between HSV-2 and SUC is true for AUC as well, despite differences in the clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of the two malignancies.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1981

Body weight reduction necessary to attain normotension in the overweight hypertensive patient.

All 212 patients with essential hypertension and an overweight of at least 10 per cent in excess of ideal body weight, referred to out clinic in the years 1975-1979, were included in this study. The patients were advised to take a balanced low-calorie (about 1080 kcal/day) diet containing 83 g carbohydrates, 41.5 g fat and 85 g proteins. They were advised to eat salt freely. There were 40 patients who had four clinic visits or less and 49 others who could not follow their diet. Therefore the compliance-failure rate was 89/212, ie 42 per cent. Decrease in body weight resulted in a significant decrease in blood pressure, despite free ingestion of salt and with 24-h urine sodium which was not different from that obtained before dietary therapy was started. Over two-thirds of the compliant patients will achieve normal blood pressure with a loss of only one-half of their weight excess, even if at this point they are still overweight. In the group receiving no diuretic or any other anti-hypertensive therapy, 82.6 percent reached normal systolic blood pressures and 78.3 per cent reached normal diastolic blood pressures, but only 31/38 reached a body weight within 10 per cent of ideal body weight. It is concluded that most of overweight hypertensive patients can attain a normal blood pressure by reducing body weight, long before achieving the ideal weight.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1981

Latent carcinoma of thyroid in Israel: a study of 260 autopsies.

Thyroid glands from 260 consecutive autopsies of patients over the age of 20 were examined. Seventeen (6.5%) latent carcinomas of the thyroid were found-11 papillary and 6 follicular. In 15 cases no metastases were found, but in two cases of latent papillary carcinoma diffuse metastases were present in the lungs at death. The frequency of carcinoma increased with age with a peak in the seventh decade. There was no female predominance. The tumors were more frequent in Jews born in Europe. The rates of adenoma, goiter and primary malignancies of other sites were increased in patients with latent thyroid carcinoma.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1981

Definition of the population at risk of bleeding due to factor XI deficiency in Ashkenazic Jews and the value of activated partial thromboplastin time in its detection.

The previously found high gene frequency of hereditary Factor XI deficiency among Ashkenazic Jews, and the risk of bleeding following trauma in this disorder, prompted us to define the population at risk of bleeding and to evaluate the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) as a screening test for its detection. The APTT values of 30 patients with severe Factor XI deficiency (0 to 0.14 unit/ml) overlapped only minimally with the APTT of 56 healthy subjects with Factor XI levels greater than 0.5 unit/ml. In contrast, APTT values of partially deficient patients (Factor XI: 0.15 to 0.49 unit/ml) overlapped substantially with the APTT values of the healthy subjects. However, when only subjects at risk of bleeding were considered (Factor XI less than 0.3 unit/ml), the overlap of APTT values was much smaller. The apparent frequency of this population at risk in the general Ashkenazic population was found to be 3.05%. If a cutoff point of an APTT value at the 80th percentile of the normal range is taken for detection of subjects belonging to this group, one will miss only 4.4% of these cases, with confidence limits of 0.1 to 21%.

Blood Coagulation Tests↗
PubMed1981

Prolonged opacification of the gallbladder after oral cholecystography: a reevaluation of its clinical significance.

The frequency of prolonged opacification of the gallbladder after oral cholecystography was determined in several conditions that are manifestly or reputedly associated with gallbladder dysfunction: in patients with gallstones, in cases of "biliary colic" with normal cholecystograms, in postvagotomy patients, and in diabetics. These groups were compared with asymptomatic controls and to patients with irritable bowel syndrome. A dietary fat intake of at least 50 g between the first and last films taken was ensured in all subjects. The effect of fat deprivation was separately studied in asymptomatic controls. Prolonged opacification was encountered in approximately two-thirds of patients with gallstones, in two-thirds of patients with "acalculous biliary colic," in two-thirds of healthy subjects deprived of fat, and in about one-third of postvagotomy patients and diabetics. It was not seen in a single patient with irritable bowel syndrome, and it was encountered in only 1 out of 17 controls whose diet included a fat supplement. These differences were highly significant (p less than 0.0001).

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Long-term cerebral effects of small doses of x-irradiation in childhood as manifested in adult visual evoked responses.

In Israel between the years 1949 and 1960, approximately 20,000 children ranging from 1 to 15 years of age were irradiated for eradication of tinea capitis. Radiation to the cerebral hemipheres ranged up to 140 rads. Of those treated, now adults, 44 subjects were elected by stratified sampling for recording and analysis of visual evoked responses (VERs). A control group of 57 subjects similar in age and ethnic origin was chosen. Two occipital leads, a right and a left, were recorded by the international 10-20 system. Fifty responses to diffuse white-flash stimulation were averaged in each case. The first 256 msec (data points) of each VER were reduced to 77 variables by repeated averaging over three adjacent data points; these variables were then analyzed by several statistical methods. The analyses detected significant differences between the VER averages in study subjects compared with controls. These differences may reflect delayed, probably permanent functional damage to the central nervous system caused by small doses of x-radiation (XR) to immature normal human brain. The left hemispheres appeared to be more involved, consistent with the fact that these children received, on the average, more XR to the left side of the brain, as shown in simulated phantom models. This disparity is reflected in a greater degree of difference between the left VERs of the irradiated versus control group. The major differences between the VERs occurred in the first part of the secondary response and suggest possible subcortical involvement. The results strengthen previous evidence of potential hazards of XR in children.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Prognosis in pre- and postmenopausal patients with endometrial adenocarcinoma.

The prognosis in 41 pre- and 143 postmenopausal patients with endometrial adenocarcimona during two time periods were compared. A significantly shorter interval from 1st symptom to diagnosis was found in postmenopausal patients. The percent of patients diagnosed in stage I did not differ significantly between the two groups, but there was a significant, although small, excess of postmenopausal patients diagnosed in stages III-IV. A significantly more favourable survival in premenopausal patients was found and the same trend was observed when the effect of age, stage at diagnosis and operability were taken into consideration. The possibility that this could be related to hormonal and immunological factors is raised. A significantly better survival of patients diagnosed during the second period was observed and is attributed to improved planning and methods of treatment.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1980

Prospective follow-up of patients with hydatidiform mole.

Of 74 Jewish patients with histologically confirmed hydatidiform mole (HM), 37 (50%) were referred to the hospital after the 15th week of pregnancy. In only 5.4% was HM the referral diagnosis. A correct diagnosis prior to uterine evacuation was made in only 29 (39.2%), and this was mainly when the uterus was normal or larger than expected for gestational age. The percentage with urinary human chorionic gonadotropin hemagglutination inhibition titers below 100,000 U/liter was significantly smaller in those with a smaller uterus as compared with those with a uterus of normal size or larger than expected. The incidence of persistent trophoblastic disease (PTD) following HM without the use of prophylactic chemotherapy was 12.2%. Patients with a large-for-date uterus had a greater potential for this outcome. All patients with PTD responded well to treatment, which consisted mainly of chemotherapy, and remained free of disease after therapy was completed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Increased risk of lung cancer in patients with chondromatous hamartoma.

Fifty-two patients with chondromatous hamartoma of the lung (CHL) operated upon in one medical center in Israel during the years 1960 to 1975 were followed through the end of 1976 for occurrence of malignancy. In 51 patients, the operation followed the finding of a coin lesion in a routine chest x-ray film (32 cases) or an x-ray film taken due to symptoms related to the chest (19 cases). In one case, it followed a cytologic diagnosis of bronchogenic carcinoma. Four cases of carcinoma of the lung were observed in this group, three of them 2 to 10 years after the CHL was first observed; in the fourth the CHL was found during an operation for lung cancer. All four lung cancers were located in the same lobe as and in proximity to the CHL. Since hamartomas were randomly distributed among the lobes, this spatial association is highly significant (p = 0.0016). The risk of lung cancer in CHL patients was estimated to be 6.3 times higher than the age-sex-ethnic adjusted rate expected for the general Israeli population. No increased risk for malignancies of other sites was found.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Possible role of mumps virus in the etiology of ovarian cancer.

Eighty-four ovarian cancer (OCa) patients and 84 controls with nonmalignant conditions matched by age and ethnic origin were interviewed with regard to clinical mumps history and their sera were tested for complement fixation (CF) mumps antibodies. OCa patients differed from the controls in the response to past mumps infection in two respects: 1) They appeared to be more likely to have developed subclinical mumps as evidenced by a lower rate of clinical mumps history in the presence of serological evidence of similar infection rates among those with positive and those with negative clinical mumps history. 2) They tended to present lower persistent mumps CF antibody titers. These results may be interpreted to indicate that an immunological incompetence enables the development of OCa possibly through a direct etiologic role of mumps virus.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Detection of Haemophilia A carriers by replicate factor VIII activity and factor VIII antigenicity determinations.

Factor VIII (fVIII) activity and antigenicity were determined on replicate fresh blood samples drawn on three separate occasions in 48 normal females and 37 obligatory haemophilia A carriers, in an attempt to improve the detection rate. fVIII activity was assayed by a one-stage method and fVIII antigenicity by the Laurell's technique employing an anti-fVIII antiserum prepared in rabbits. The mean results for the individual subjects were analysed after establishing a discriminant function. The probability of being a carrier was determined on the basis of laboratory data and family history. The probability data were translated into more simple terms applicable for genetic counselling by defining three categories: Definite carriers, doubtful carriers and definite normals. Of the obligatory carriers, 83.8% were classified definite carriers, 13.5% doubtful carriers and 2.7% as definite normals. Of the normal females, 4.2% were classified as definite carriers, 18.7% doubtful carriers and 77.1% as definite normals. Adjustment of the results according to age was found unnecessary. The precision of the determinations of fVIII antigenicity and fVIII activity in individual subjects was calculated for different numbers of replicate tests performed in the same individual. It was found that if only one test is performed, a substantial error might occur. Three replicate tests considerably diminish this error, although it is still in the range of +/- 16--29%. For suspected carriers who fall in the doubtful category it is suggested that six or even more tests are performed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Clinical and laboratory aspects of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC): a study of 118 cases.

The medical records of 118 cases who met laboratory criteria of DIC were studied. The most frequent etiologies were: Generalized infection (39.8%), trauma (16.9%), malignancy (6.8%) and surgical cases (6.8%). The main clinical manifestations which appeared to be related solely to DIC were (in a decreasing order of frequency): Bleeding (64.4%), renal dysfunction (24.6%), liver dysfunction (18.6%), respiratory dysfunction (16.1%), shock (14.4%), thromboembolic phenonmena (6.8%) and central nervous system involvement (1.7%). In 26 patients none of these manifestations were observed. In patients with infection, liver and renal dysfunction were frequent and respiratory dysfunction rare, whereas in trauma cases, liver and renal dysfunctions were rare and respiratory dysfunction frequent. This variability indicates that the clinical manifestations are affected not only by the process of intravascular coagulation but also by the underlying clinical disorders. The most impaired coagulation tests were prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, platelet count and thrombin time. The degree of abnormality of these coagulation tests was found to be related to the extensiveness of organ involvement. The mortality (overall 54.7%) increased independently with age, with the number of clinical manifestations and with the degree of abnormality of the above-mentioned four most impaired coagulation tests. In addition, older patients were more likely to have an increased number of clinical manifestations and more impaired coagulation tests. Mortality was similar in the various etiologies except for trauma patients in whom it was lower (30%).

Adolescent↗