1. In rat parotid gland, chronic administration of isoproterenol caused significant increase of linoleic acid and decrease of arachidonic acid at the sn-2 position of phosphatidylcholine. 2. The activities of 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate and 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine acyltransferases were increased 3-8-fold and 2-fold, respectively, in the parotid gland microsomes of isoproterenol-treated rat. 3. Furthermore, the specificity of these two enzymes for various acyl-CoAs was also changed by administration of isoproterenol. 4. The alteration of unsaturated fatty acid composition at the sn-2 position of phosphatidylcholine was at least in part due to the change of activity and substrate specificity of lysophospholipid acyltransferases.

1-Acylglycerol-3-Phosphate O-Acyltransferase↗

PubMed1988

[Ocular disturbance in dentato-pallido-luysian-atrophy (DRPLA)--neuro-otological study].

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Adult↗

PubMed1987

Decreased transport of D-glucose and L-alanine across brush-border membrane vesicles from small intestine of rats treated with mitomycin C.

To elucidate the mechanisms underlying the dysfunctions of intestinal absorption induced by antitumor drugs, the effect of pretreatment with mitomycin C on sodium gradient-dependent D-glucose and L-alanine transports was studied in rat brush-border membrane vesicles. 24, 48, 96, or 120 h following a single intravenous injection of mitomycin C, brush-border membrane vesicles were prepared from rat small-intestines. The uptake of D-glucose and L-alanine was shown to be Na+ gradient-dependent even in the case of vesicles obtained from mitomycin C-treated rats, but uptake rates measured at 15 s and magnitude of overshooting effect in uptake of both solutes were decreased in vesicles maximally from 48 h mitomycin C-treated rats. The rate of D-glucose uptake calculated at 15 s recovered to the control level in vesicles prepared at 96 h and 120 h after mitomycin C-treatment, indicating that the effect of mitomycin C on Na+ gradient-dependent D-glucose transport would be fully reversible. Tracer exchange experiments under Na+ and D-glucose equilibrated conditions indicated that the Na+/D-glucose transporters were similarly operative in the vesicles from control and 48 h mitomycin C-treated rats. Rates of 22Na+ uptake measured at 15 s in vesicles from 48 h mitomycin C-treated rats, however, were increased. The increased permeability to Na+ might bring about a more rapid dissipation of the Na+ gradient in these vesicles and this would secondarily cause the decrease in Na+-dependent D-glucose uptake in vesicles from mitomycin C-treated rats.

Alanine↗

PubMed1987

Oxytocin levels in maternal and fetal plasma, amniotic fluid, and neonatal plasma and urine.

Oxytocin was measured in maternal and fetal plasma, amniotic fluid and neonatal plasma and urine using a specific radioimmunoassay, following extraction procedures with Florisil. Maternal oxytocin levels rose progressively with advancing gestation, but there were no significant differences between oxytocin levels around the onset of labor. No diurnal rhythm of oxytocin was evident in maternal plasma during the third trimester. Maternal and umbilical plasma oxytocin levels at spontaneous delivery were significantly higher than those at elective cesarean section. Maternal oxytocin levels in four cases of post-term delivery were lower than those during normal late pregnancy; all four cases experienced uterine inertia. All amniotic fluid samples had detectable oxytocin levels and there were no significant differences between oxytocin levels in the second trimester and those in the third trimester. Oxytocin levels in neonatal urine were higher than levels in amniotic fluid and lower than in the umbilical artery. Neonatal plasma oxytocin levels gradually decreased and oxytocin levels of 7-day-old infants were significantly lower than those in the umbilical artery, but higher than those in adults. In conclusion, it appears that maternal oxytocin levels may not be involved in triggering the onset of labor but may play a role in the maintenance and reinforcement of labor.

Adult↗

PubMed1987

Pregnancies following conservative treatment of malignant ovarian tumors.

Sixteen patients with malignant ovarian tumors were treated conservatively; 1 had a serous cystadenoma of low potential malignancy; 6 had a mucinous cystadenoma of low potential malignancy; 2 had a pure dysgerminoma; 2 had a mature solid teratoma; 3 had a mucinous cystadenocarcinoma; and 2 had an endodermal sinus tumor. Postoperative chemotherapy was given in 12 cases and 1 patient with a pure dysgerminoma had radiotherapy. Eighteen pregnancies occurred in 13 patients. One full-term and one 8 month premature infant died in utero, and 2 infants had malformations; the other 14 infants are all well. The patient with moderately differentiated mucinous cystadenocarcinoma who delivered a premature infant and 2 patients with endodermal sinus tumors died of recurrence.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1987

Alteration of membrane phospholipids in hypertrophied rat salivary glands induced by chronic administration of isoproterenol.

Hypertrophy of parotid and submandibular glands, and elevated phospholipid content per gland in both were induced. However, phospholipid content per tissue weight increased only in the parotid gland. Sublingual gland phospholipids were unaffected with regard to the gland weight and phospholipid content; phospholipid class compositions were altered in each of the three glands, typically an increase of phosphatidylcholine and decreases of sphingomyelin and phosphatidic acid. Concerning fatty-acyl groups in phospholipid, prominent increase of octadecadienoic acid was observed in total and individual phospholipids of both parotid and submandibular glands. However, eicosatetraenoic acid decreased in the total phospholipids of these two glands. In the sublingual gland, phospholipids, fatty-acyl compositions were not changed by isoproterenol. The results suggest that isoproterenol-induced changes of membrane phospholipids are regulated by at least two different effects, one for fatty-acyl groups and another for base moieties of phospholipids.

Animals↗

PubMed1987

Mutagens formed from butylated hydroxyanisole treated with nitrite under acidic conditions.

The reaction products from butylated hydroxyanisole treated with nitrite under acidic conditions were investigated for mutagenic activity in Salmonella typhimurium his reversion assay and for DNA-damaging activity using H17 Rec+ (wild) and M45 Rec- (recombinationless) of Bacillus subtilis. The chloroform extract of the reaction mixture showed 9 spots on thin-layer chromatography (TLC). Compounds from 2 spots on the TLC had high mutagenic activity in TA100 without S9 mix, with DNA-damaging activity. The 2 mutagens were then crystallized from the reaction mixture and identified to be 2-tert.-butyl-p-quinone (t-BQ) and the dimer of t-BQ; 3,3'-di-tert.-butyl-biphenyldiquinone-(2,5,2',5') (BBDQ), from their instrumental analysis. The mutagenic activities of t-BQ and BBDQ were determined by Ames test, and the induced mutation frequencies were about 1.9 X 10(-4) (t-BQ) and 8.3 X 10(-5) (BBDQ).

Animals↗

PubMed1987

Subdural fluid collection following craniotomy.

The occurrence of subdural fluid collection following craniotomy for intracranial aneurysms was studied with regard to the patient's age, preoperative grade, external decompression, incidence of the craniotomy, external drainage, and ventriculoperitoneal shunt. The following results and conclusions were obtained: Enlargement of the subdural space was observed in 76 of 147 patients (51.7%). The patient's age was the most likely causative factor in producing the lesion. Six patients required surgical management for the collection: three were for subdural hygroma and three were for chronic subdural hematoma. It is estimated that two factors, multiple craniotomy and younger age, accelerated the formation of symptomatic subdural hygromas. When the patient complains of headache or motor weakness 1 or 2 months after undergoing a craniotomy, one should suspect chronic subdural hematoma, especially in an elderly patient with ruptured aneurysm.

Adult↗

PubMed1987

Comparison of membrane phospholipid and its fatty acid compositions in developing rat salivary glands.

1. Membrane phospholipid and its fatty acid compositions have been analyzed in 3- and 9-week-old rat salivary glands. 2. When compared between the three major glands (parotid, submandibular, sublingual) in adult rats, phospholipid compositions were similar, but for their fatty acid, characteristic properties from each phospholipid were shown. 3. Alterations in their compositions were also observed during development of the salivary glands.

Aging↗

PubMed1987

Properties of membrane phospholipids and their fatty acyl compositions of secretory granules from rat parotid gland.

A secretory granular fraction isolated from rat parotid glands was remarkably different from a microsomal fraction in its phospholipid composition. It had higher levels of lysophospholipids (8%) and phosphatidylethanolamine (31%), while there were lower levels of phosphatidylcholine (40%) and phosphatidylserine (2.1%) than the microsomal fraction. However, fatty acid compositions of individual phospholipid classes from the two subfractions were found to be nearly similar to each other. ESR analysis demonstrated that extracted phospholipids from the secretory granular fraction were more fluid than those from microsomes. The relevance of these observations to physiological function of secretory granules is discussed.

Acid Phosphatase↗

PubMed1987

Spin-lattice relaxation times of bound water--its determination and implications for tissue discrimination.

Measurements were made of T1 of bound water (T1b) and bound water fraction (alpha) for gelatin solutions and human tissues (sera, brain tumor, cerebral white matter). Bound water fraction in each sample was measured by means of thermal analysis (differential scanning calorimetry: DSC). T1 values were measured by FONAR QED 80-alpha. T1b values were calculated by an equation derived from the fast-exchange two-state model. In the study of gelatin solutions, the relationship between T1 and water content differed depending on the sort of solutions. This was considered to be due to differences in T1b values. In each biological tissue the values of T1b and alpha had different distributions. These results indicate that values of T1b and alpha for biological tissues may be altered in correspondence to the changes in pathophysiological states in those tissues.

Blood↗

PubMed1987

Recurrent spontaneous abortion and human leukocyte antigen DRw8.

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Abortion, Habitual↗

PubMed1987

Formulas for fetal weight estimation by ultrasound measurements based on neonatal specific gravities and volumes.

To improve the accuracy of fetal weight estimation by ultrasound measurement, especially in low birth weight infants, including those with intrauterine growth retardation, two new formulas were developed from a new point of view. The formulas were established by (1) actual measurements of the volumes of the neonatal head and trunk with limbs, (2) analysis of the relationship between the sizes of the parts of the fetal body measured by ultrasound examination before birth and the volumes of the parts of the neonatal body, and (3) calculation of the specific gravities of the parts of the neonatal body. The prospective study showed a high correlation between estimated weights and actual birth weights with a small range of error in infants weighing between 450 and 4800 gm.

Birth Weight↗

PubMed1987

Transplacental leakage of HBeAg-positive maternal blood as the most likely route in causing intrauterine infection with hepatitis B virus.

Thirty-two HBeAg-positive carrier mothers and their 32 babies were investigated to elucidate the mechanism involved in intrauterine infection with HBV. Five mothers had symptoms and signs of threatened abortion and/or threatened preterm labor. Three mothers gave birth more than 6 weeks after the episodes, and their babies were those infected in utero. The other two gave birth within 1 week after the episodes, and the two babies were treated with HBIG immediately after birth; HBV infection was successfully prevented. Therefore we suggest that transplacental leakage of HBeAg-positive maternal blood, which is induced by uterine contractions during pregnancy and the disruption of placental barriers, is the most likely route to cause HBV intrauterine infection.

Carrier State↗