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Biomedical subjects

M Mizokami

Publications and source records attributed to M Mizokami.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Expression of pre-S1, pre-S2, S and X peptides in relation to viral replication in livers with chronic hepatitis B.

The expression of large (pre-S1), middle (pre-S2), major S (S) polypeptides of the envelope (HBs) and X peptides of hepatitis B virus (HBV) was investigated in 37 liver specimens with chronic hepatitis B by indirect immunoperoxidase staining. Primary antisera utilized were polyclonal ones against HBs (poly-HBs), core (HBc) and X and monoclonal ones against pre-S1, pre-S2 and S with (particle-S) or without (peptide-S) conformational structure. The localization of HBs proteins in hepatocytes was classified into three types: diffuse, membranous and inclusion. The peptide-S and pre-S2 were expressed at nearly the same frequency as poly-HBs in all types, whereas particle-S was found less frequently (18/29 cases) in the inclusion type, and pre-S1 was recognized relatively rarely (9/33 cases) in the membranous type. As for staining intensity, peptide-S and pre-S2 were almost identical to poly-HBs which stained the most strongly among all three staining types. Particle-S was similar to poly-HBs in the membranous type, but was weak in the inclusion type in the majority. While pre-S1 was stained in a similar intensity to poly-HBs in the diffuse and inclusion types, it was weak or negative in the membranous type. Thus, envelope particles indicated by particle-S staining appeared to be located most frequently in the membranous type, but their assembly might be suppressed in the inclusion type where pre-S1 was well expressed. The X peptide was more frequently detected in the liver with serum HBe antigen and/or HBV DNA. The X peptide was stained exclusively in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes and was correlated with the cytoplasmic HBc antigen. The X peptide was not observed differently between cases with and those without cirrhosis. This suggests that the expression of X peptide tends to occur with virus replication but not with disease progression.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Immunohistochemical studies of intrahepatic tumour necrosis factor alpha in chronic liver disease.

To determine the intrahepatic production of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) in chronic liver disease three monoclonal antibodies were used against TNF alpha in immunohistochemical studies of liver tissue sections from patients with chronic liver disease. All three monoclonal antibodies stained infiltrating mononuclear cells. Monoclonal antibody II 7C2 also stained the cytoplasm or nucleus, or both, of a varied number of hepatocytes from nine patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection, suggesting that the antigenic epitope related to hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) crossreacted with II7C2. The other two monoclonal antibodies, III2F3 and IV3E5, stained significantly larger numbers of mononuclear cells in cases of chronic active hepatitis B than in chronic persistent hepatitis B, or hepatitis B related liver cirrhosis. III2F3 stained significantly larger numbers of mononuclear cells in non-A, non-B chronic active hepatitis than in chronic persistent hepatitis B or hepatitis B related liver cirrhosis. These results indicate that TNF alpha is produced and secreted by infiltrating mononuclear cells in focal inflammatory areas of the liver, and suggest that TNF alpha may have a role in the inflammatory activity of chronic liver disease.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1989

Host-independent evolution and a genetic classification of the hepadnavirus family based on nucleotide sequences.

An analysis of molecular phylogeny was undertaken to examine whether the evolution of the hepadnavirus family is host-dependent. Using the nucleotide sequences of 18 strains, we constructed phylogenetic trees. The trees obtained show that all 12 strains of hepatitis B virus can be classified into four subgroups that are not compatible with conventional subtypes. We estimated the rate of synonymous (silent) substitution for hepatitis B virus to be 4.57 x 10(-5) per site per year. Applying this rate to the phylogenetic tree, we estimated that duck hepatitis B virus diverged from a common ancestor about 30,000 years ago at the earliest, that woodchuck hepatitis virus and ground squirrel hepatitis virus diverged about 10,000 years ago, and that hepatitis B virus diverged within the last 3000 years. Because these divergence times of the viruses are much more recent than those of the host species, it suggests that the hepadnavirus family evolved independently of host-species divergence.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

The use of monoclonal antibodies to define levels of cystatin C in normal human serum.

We established four hybridoma cell lines which secreted monoclonal antibodies against human cystatin C. These monoclonal antibodies were of IgA(kappa), IgG2a(lambda), IgG1(kappa), and IgG1(lambda) isotypes, respectively. The association constants (Ka) of the three IgG monoclonal antibodies ranged from 3.6 x 10(9) M-1 to 7.3 x 10(10) M-1. An ELISA technique for the measurement of cystatin C was established by using one of these monoclonal antibodies. The assay procedure was highly specific, sensitive, and reproducible. The lower detectable limit of cystatin C by this procedure was 1.9 ng/ml. The level of cystatin C in normal human serum was 1.16 +/- 0.91 micrograms/ml (mean +/- S.D., n = 274).

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Pre-S proteins in chronic hepatitis B virus infection: markers of active viral infection.

The role of large (pre-S1) and middle (pre-S2) proteins of HBsAg in hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is not fully known. Therefore, we studied the expression of pre-S proteins in the liver and serum of 26 patients with chronic HBV infection, using immunoperoxidase staining and enzyme immunoassay. Pre-S1 and pre-S2 proteins were detected in a large number of patients in both liver and serum, irrespective of the disease activity. Serial sections showed that most cells positive for HBsAg were also positive for pre-S proteins. The localization of pre-S2 and HBsAg was similar, with cytoplasmic and membranous stainings of hepatocytes, whereas pre-S1 was expressed exclusively in cytoplasm. Serum levels of HBsAg, pre-S1, and pre-S2 of DNA polymerase-positive cases were significantly higher than those of DNA polymerase-negative cases. Membranous display of pre-S2 on hepatocytes was observed more often in DNA polymerase-positive patients, and their serum pre-S2 levels were significantly higher than those without it. The predominant localization of cytoplasmic HBcAg usually was associated with active, ongoing hepatitis. Its expression and DNA polymerase activity were significantly correlated. These results indicate that pre-S proteins in serum and the membranous display of pre-S2 on hepatocytes of patients with chronic HBV infection refect active viral replication, but their expression does not correlate with disease activity.

Hepatitis B↗
PubMed1986

[A case of hepatoma with a remarkable response to gamma-interferon administration].

A 59-year-old male was admitted to our hospital with complaints of general fatigue, abdominal distension and edema in the legs in February, 1985. Laboratory findings were as follows: GOT 152 IU/l, GPT 129 IU/l, LDH 555 IU/l, ALP 1147 IU/l, gamma-GTP 413 IU/l, T.-Bil 2.1 mg/dl and AFP 422.6 ng/ml. Multiple SOLs were recognized in both lobes of the liver by abdominal CT scan and echography. Interferon-gamma (gamma-IFN: KW-2202; Kyowa Hakko Co.) therapy was started in March from an initial dose of 1 X 10(6) units and was increased up to 4 X 10(6) units, 2 X 10(6) units being administered as a maintenance therapy for 12 weeks. The tumors became remarkably smaller in size, AFP was decreased to 38.8 ng/ml, and PR was obtained. The only side effect was temporary fever. The patient was subsequently followed without gamma-IFN at an outpatient clinic for about 100 days, but finally died due to rupture of esophageal varices and hepatic failure.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1984

[Laboratory and clinical studies of cefotiam in digestive diseases].

Experimental and clinical studies on cefotiam (CTM), a new synthetic cephalosporin, were performed in digestive diseases. Among the 7 cases of 'cholelithiasis and cholangitis', 6 cases (86%) showed better response than "effective". Among the 9 cases of infections except 'cholelithiasis and cholangitis' which had no connection with cancers, 6 cases (67%) showed better response than "effective". Among the 15 cases of 'infections following advanced cancers', 7 cases (47%) showed better response than "effective". This inferior result was due to the relation to factors coming from cancers. CTM was effective in not only infections of the aged but that which resisted antibiotics of penicillins and the other cephems. Sensitivity of E. coli, Klebsiella and S. aureus was made a comparative study of by MIC and disc test. It was found as a result that CTM had the equal or superior antimicrobial activity to other antibiotics of cephems, penicillins and aminoglycosides.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Acute hepatitis C transmitted by needlestick accident despite short duration interferon treatment.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission by needlestick accidents involving hospital employees has become an important problem. The present report is of a case of acute hepatitis C that developed after a needlestick injury, despite short duration interferon treatment performed just after the accident in a trial effort to prevent HCV transmission. Nosocomial infection of HCV in medical employees is reviewed, and the current prospects for protecting them from HCV transmission after needlestick accident are discussed.

Accidents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cystic lymphangioma of the gall-bladder: a case report.

Intra-abdominal cystic lymphangiomas are rare lesions that can be difficult to diagnose. We present a report of a patient with a giant multilocular cystic lesion in the abdomen. Ultrasonography and computed tomography scans of the abdomen revealed that the cyst had originated in the gall-bladder fossa. There was some calcification and thickening of the cyst wall. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography demonstrated a medially deviated common bile duct, an elongated cystic duct and an inferior compressed gallbladder. There was no apparent communication between the cyst and the biliary tract; however, an abdominal angiogram revealed that the lesion was supplied by a branch of the cystic artery. Histological findings obtained intra-operatively were consistent with a cystic lymphangioma. Its characteristic histology was observed in the subserous layer of the gall-bladder. This case is a rare instance of a cystic lymphangioma originating in the gall-bladder.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical study of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine.

The efficacy and safety of a recombinant yeast-derived hepatitis B vaccine were evaluated in 209 subjects after three administrations at 0, 4 and 20 weeks. Subjects were divided into four groups given 5 micrograms vaccine subcutaneously, 10 micrograms subcutaneously, 10 micrograms intramuscularly and 20 micrograms subcutaneously to define the effective dose and to compare the effect of administration. Seroconversion of the antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen after the third vaccination reached 96.6% in the group given 5 micrograms vaccine subcutaneously and 100% in the other groups. The final geometric mean antibody titres were 700 IU/l in subjects given 5 micrograms subcutaneously, 2004 IU/l in those given 10 micrograms subcutaneously, 4674 IU/l in those given 10 micrograms intramuscularly and 3342 IU/l in those given 20 micrograms subcutaneously. In the groups given 10 micrograms, the early seroconversion rate of the antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen and the geometric mean antibody titres after the third vaccination were significantly higher in subjects administered intramuscularly than subcutaneously (P less than 0.05). No major adverse effects were observed and minor reactions were the same as, or less than, those reported for the plasma-derived vaccine. Before and after administration, no significant fluctuation in the yeast antibody titre was observed. These results demonstrate the efficacy and safety of the yeast-derived vaccine, and show that 10 micrograms was the effective dose.

Antibody Formation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The seroprevalence of hepatitis B and C in an Amerindian population in the southwestern Brazilian Amazon.

We have investigated the seroprevalence of hepatitis B and C among Karitiana Indians (n = 119) living in the State of Rondônia, southwestern Brazilian Amazon. The prevalences of anti-HBs and anti-HBc were 16.1% and 35.3%, respectively, with HBsAg being found in only four (3.4%) subjects. Anti-HCV antibodies were detected in two subjects (1.7%). Age-stratified prevalence data suggest that both vertical and horizontal (the last among adults) routes of HBV transmission are important in this community.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Analysis of some viral infections, transmitted by parenteral and sexual routes, in the Republic of Azerbaijan].

Representatives of various population groups in Azerbaijan were tested for infection with human T-lymphotropic (HTLV-I and HTLV-II) and hepatotropic viruses (HCV and HBV). A total of 835 sera were studied by screening and specific tests for virus-specific antibodies and/or antigens. Thirty-five DNA specimens from peripheral blood lymphocytes were analyzed in the PCR for HTLV-I-specific sequences. No HTLV-I or HIV were detected, but two cases with integration of the HTLV-I LTR gene into cellular DNA genome were detected. A high rate of infection with hepatitis B and C was revealed. The level of anti-HCV was 8.7%, HBsAg 4.1%, and antiHBs 23.4%. Six cases with double HBV-HCV infection were detected. High values of ALT among HBV/HCV-seronegative subjects prompts their testing for other types of hepatitis viruses.

Adolescent↗