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Biomedical subjects

M Miyoshi

Publications and source records attributed to M Miyoshi.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Maximal stationary metabolic rate in free-moving rats.

This paper provides a procedure for estimating the maximal stationary metabolic rate (SMRmax) in free-moving rats. The SMRmax was estimated by simultaneously comparing energy expenditure with motor activity measured at 10 min intervals for 24 h. The SMRmax was close to but naturally higher than the resting metabolic rates determined by other conventional methods. The coefficient of variation for 3 consecutive days was below 3%. The ratio of SMRmax to daily minimum energy expenditure was 1.25 in young rats and 1.19 in adult rats. SMRmax is a useful key parameter for analyzing daily energy expenditure and behavior.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

[The comparative study of LUMIWARD immunoassay system and CAP RAST system for determination of food allergy on infantile atopic dermatitis].

The reliability of assay methods was studied between LUMIWARD and CAP RAST due to the removal of some kinds of foods and/or challenge test. In the 45 infants with atopic dermatitis, egg, milk, flour, rice, and soybean were removed from foods and/or challenge test of those foods were carried out by every three months as possible. At the same time, the allergen-specific IgE antibodies were measured with LUMIWARD and CAP RAST. The negative concordance rate of LUMIWARD and CAP RAST. The negative concordance rate of LUMIWARD was elevated more than that of CAP RAST and the positive concordance rate of CAP RAST was elevated more than that of LUMIWARD. These results suggests that CAP RAST is useful for the determination of removal of foods, while LUMIWARD is useful for the determination of foods to challenge. The risk of overlooking the allergen exists, because the positive concordance concordance rates of LUMIWARD were low in the milk and flour. With developing age, the negative concordance rates decreased in CAP RAST, therefore unnecessary removal of foods may continue for a long time. The determination of low concentration with LUMIWARD was unreliable.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Identification of sequence changes responsible for the attenuation of highly virulent infectious bursal disease virus.

The genetic changes responsible for the attenuation of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) have not been defined at the molecular level, although passage of the virus in cell culture results in the loss of virulence. To understand the molecular basis of IBDV virulence and attenuation, the IBDV genome segment encoding the precursor polyprotein (NH2-VP2-VP4-VP3-COOH) of a cell culture-adapted OKYMT strain derived from highly virulent OKYM was cloned as cDNA, and the nucleotide sequence was determined. Comparison of the identified nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the attenuated strain with the parental virulent OKYM strain revealed only five amino acid differences: four in the VP2 variable domain and one in the VP3. Two amino acid substitutions at positions 279 (Asp-->Asn) and 284 (Ala-->Thr) in the VP2 variable domain were commonly predicted in another cell culture-adapted strain. These two amino acid changes resulted in reduced hydrophila of this region and deletion of the alpha-helix which might alter the conformation of the virion surface structures. These results may imply that the amino acid residues at position 279 and 284 in VP2 variable domain contribute to virulence of IBDV.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Inhibition of cytotoxic activity of carp lymphocytes (Cyprinus carpio) by anti-thymocyte monoclonal antibodies.

A series of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were developed against carp thymocytes and carp immunoglobulin (IgM). Anti-thymocyte mAbs reacted with thymocytes, head kidney lymphocytes (HKL) as well as peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) at various proportions. Anti-IgM antibody reacted with HKL and PBL but not with thymocytes. PBL from carp immunized with xenogeneic mouse myeloma cells exhibited cytotoxic activity against target cells but PBL from unimmunized fish showed weak cytotoxicity. Treatment of PBL with anti-thymocyte mAbs and guinea pig complement suppressed the cytotoxic activity dose dependently; however, anti-IgM mAb did not. These results indicate the cytotoxic cells in PBL possess cell surface antigens common to thymocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Size and asymmetry of the planum temporale. A new three-dimensional method for analysis of the supratemporal plane using MR imaging and computer-aided graphics.

The planum temporale of the supratemporal plane is important for language function and shows left-right asymmetry in most brains. To estimate the size and allow side comparison of the planum temporale, we developed a new technique for 3-D MR analysis of the supratemporal plane using a personal computer and computer-aided graphics. The temporal lobes of 5 human cadavers were imaged by MR in the sagittal plane, at a slice thickness of 2 mm. The images of the supratemporal plane were entered into a personal computer using the original software to determine the positions of anatomic landmarks and the size of the planum temporale. The data were then transferred to a supercomputer to reconstruct the 3-D surface image of the supratemporal plane. Computer images of the supratemporal plane agreed with macroscopic observations. The positions of anatomic landmarks and the size of the planum temporale also agreed with macroscopic measurements. Thus, the present technique provides valuable anatomic data on the supratemporal plane which should be useful for further clarification of the anatomic basis of language function.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Type D dural carotid-cavernous fistula. Results of combined treatment with irradiation and particulate embolization.

PURPOSE: To assess the efficacy of irradiation combined with particulate embolization for treating type D dural carotid-cavernous fistulas, supplied by the meningeal branches of both external (ECA) and internal carotid arteries. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Nine patients were treated by particulate embolization via the ECA branches, followed by radiation therapy with doses of 30 Gy. One of these patients with recurrent symptoms received an additional 30 Gy one year after initial treatment, making a total dose of 60 Gy. RESULTS: In all cases, symptoms were improved immediately after the particulate embolizations. In 8 cases, complete resolution of symptoms were obtained in 4-19 months and an average of 8 months after treatment. In one case, chemosis was markedly improved and persisted minimally 41 months later. CONCLUSION: Particulate embolization is effective for immediate symptomatic improvement, and complete resolution of symptoms can usually be achieved by subsequent radiation therapy.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

[Intravitreal injection of ganciclovir in AIDS patients with cytomegalovirus retinitis].

The therapeutic effects and safety of intravitreal ganciclovir injection were evaluated in 16 acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients with cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis. The induction therapy was done in a total of 23 courses, i.e., in 14 eyes of 10 patients. Active lesions of CMV retinitis were suppressed by 3 to 7 injections over 21 to 42 days after the initiation of the induction therapy. Intravitreal injections once a week for maintenance suppressed the reactivation of the lesions for at least 6 weeks in 9 eyes of 7 patients among 10 eyes of 8 patients. As for the safety of intravitreal ganciclovir injections in the 16 AIDS patients with CMV retinitis, a total of 354 injections were given and two serious complications, that is, endophthalmitis and retinal detachment were observed in one eye each. During the course of intravitreal injection, 3 of 7 patients developed CMV retinitis in the contralateral eye and systemic CMV infections were suspected in 3 of 12 patients. Intravitreal injection of ganciclovir is thought to be effective for the treatment of CMV retinitis in AIDS patients, but careful procedure and examinations are needed.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1996

[Growth impairment in infants with atopic dermatitis].

The study deals with the physical growth of 38 infants with atopic dermatitis and 11 controls. The SD scores of hight and wight in severe group was significantly lower than those of mild and modelate groups. And serum IGF-1 levels showed lower than those of mild and modelate groups. On the otherhand, the SD scores of weight and serum IGF-1 levels showed no significant difference between the patient with and without avoidance of allergenic foods, though a lot of patients belonged to severe group avoided their allergenic foods. These results suggested that pathogeneses of the impaired physical growth of severe atopic infants due to malnutrition because of their malabsorption. In conclusion, avoidance of allergenic foods may needs to prevent from the growth failure in severe atopic infants.

Dermatitis, Atopic↗
PubMed1995

Probing active galactic nuclei with H2O megamasers.

We describe the characteristics of the rapidly rotating molecular disk in the nucleus of the mildly active galaxy NGC4258. The morphology and kinematics of the disk are delineated by the point-like watervapor emission sources at 1.35-cm wavelength. High angular resolution [200 microas where as is arcsec, corresponding to 0.006 parsec (pc) at 6.4 million pc] and high spectral resolution (0.2 km.s-1 or nu/Deltanu = 1.4 x 10(6)) with the Very-Long-Baseline Array allow precise definition of the disk. The disk is very thin, but slightly warped, and is viewed nearly edge-on. The masers show that the disk is in nearly perfect Keplerian rotation within the observable range of radii of 0.13-0.26 pc. The approximately random deviations from the Keplerian rotation curve among the high-velocity masers are approximately 3.5 km.s-1 (rms). These deviations may be due to the masers lying off the midline by about +/-4 degrees or variations in the inclination of the disk by +/-4 degrees. Lack of systematic deviations indicates that the disk has a mass of <4 x 10(6) solar mass (M[symbol: see text]). The gravitational binding mass is 3.5 x 10(7) M[symbol: see text], which must lie within the inner radius of the disk and requires that the mass density be >4 x 10(9) M[symbol: see text].pc-3. If the central mass were in the form of a star cluster with a density distribution such as a Plummer model, then the central mass density would be 4 x 10(12) M[symbol: see text].pc-3. The lifetime of such a cluster would be short with respect to the age of the galaxy [Maoz, E. (1995) Astrophys. J. Lett. 447, L91-L94]. Therefore, the central mass may be a black hole. The disk as traced by the systemic velocity features is unresolved in the vertical direction, indicating that its scale height is <0.0003 pc (hence the ratio of thickness to radius, H/R, is <0.0025). For a disk in hydrostatic equilibrium the quadrature sum of the sound speed and Alfven velocity is <2.5 km.s-1, so that the temperature of the disk must be <1000 K and the toroidal magnetic field component must be <250 mG. If the molecular mass density in the disk is 10(10) cm-3, then the disk mass is approximately 10(4) M[symbol: see text], and the disk is marginally stable as defined by the Toomre stability parameter Q (Q = 6 at the inner edge and 1 at the outer edge). The inward drift velocity is predicted to be <0.007 km.s-1, for a viscosity parameter of 0.1, and the accretion rate is <7 x 10(-5) M[symbol: see text].yr-1. At this value the accretion would be sufficient to power the nuclear x-ray source of 4 x 10(40) ergs-1 (1 erg = 0.1 microJ). The volume of individual maser components may be as large as 10(46) cm3, based on the velocity gradients, which is sufficient to supply the observed luminosity. The pump power undoubtedly comes from the nucleus, perhaps in the form of x-rays. The warp may allow the pump radiation to penetrate the disk obliquely [Neufeld, D. A. & Maloney, P. R. (1995) Astrophys. J. Lett. 447, L17-L19]. A total of 15 H2O megamasers have been identified out of >250 galaxies searched. Galaxy NGC4258 may be the only case where conditions are optimal to reveal a well-defined nuclear disk. Future measurement of proper motions and accelerations for NGC4258 will yield an accurate distance and a more precise definition of the dynamics of the disk

Journal Article↗
PubMed1995

Phenotypic instability of transgenic tobacco plants and their progenies expressing Arabidopsis thaliana small GTP-binding protein genes.

Chimeric genes consisting of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter, a cDNA encoding a small GTP-binding protein from Arabidopsis thaliana (ara-2 or ara-4) and the terminator of the nopaline synthase gene were cloned into a binary vector. Tobacco leaf tissues were transformed with this plasmid via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Transgenic plants possessing either ara-2 or ara-4 occasionally showed morphological abnormalities in leaves and other organs. However, such alterations were not always associated with co-transferred characters, such as kanamycin tolerance, and they arose in no more than 10% of the transgenic plants. Such phenomena were also observed in the progenies of the primary transgenic plants. Despite such unusual inheritance of the phenotypic abnormalities, GTP-binding activity of the inserted ara gene products was detected in all plants tested.

Arabidopsis↗
PubMed1995

Distribution of epithelioid cells in the wall of the chicken aorta and their functional role as chemoreceptors.

BACKGROUND: The ultrastructural characteristics of epithelioid cells in the wall of the chicken aorta have been studied by several investigators. Their characteristics were homologous to those of carotid body type I cells and are considered to be one of the peripheral chemoreceptors. However, there are few descriptions about their location, distribution, and how they react to chemical signals, nor have there been many reports about the localization of bioactive substances in the epithelioid cells. Therefore we designed this investigation to address these problems. METHODS: Wholemount immunohistochemistry using antiserotonin antiserum, scanning (SEM), and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy were used to observe the epithelioid cells and the lumen of the chicken aorta. The localizations of bioactive substances in the epithelioid cells were immunohistochemically investigated using 11 antisera. RESULTS: Epithelioid cells were dispersed in the wall of the aorta, forming a band approximately 1 mm in width, located 10 mm proximal to the confluence of the right and left ligamenta arteriosa. Serotonin, chromogranin, and neuron specific enolase immunoreactivities were detected in the epithelioid cells. SEM observations clearly demonstrated intraendothelial fenestrations, 1-3 microns in diameter, on the endothelial surface of the region of the band of epithelioid cells. TEM observations revealed that these fenestrations corresponded to endothelial gaps, directly beneath which epithelioid cells were sometimes located. CONCLUSIONS: The epithelioid cells are in direct access to the aortic lumen through endothelial fenestrations. Thus they may be able to perceive chemical signals from arterial blood directly.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Estimation of daily minimum energy expenditure in free-moving rats and mice.

In this paper, we presented a new procedure to determine daily minimum energy expenditure (MEE) in free-moving rats and mice kept in a chamber. Energy expenditure was measured for 23 h period and averaged every 10 min. Data were sorted in ascending order. MEE was estimated from the regression line with the smallest slope and the biggest intercept among the regression lines calculated between the sorted energy expenditure and the data ranking. Among three duplicate measurements in individual animals, MEE gave the smallest coefficient of variation (2.2%) as compared with actual measured-values: either the single lowest value (4.0%) or the average of the 6 lowest values (2.5%). Judging from diurnal patterns of energy expenditure and locomotor activity and from video tape observation of the rat's performance, it was confirmed that MEE represented an energy expenditure at rest. MEE decreased with fasting from days 1 to 5. MEE per body weight also declined with age, but stayed around 71-72 kcal/day/kg3/4 at 18 and 34 weeks of age in male Wistar rats. MEE in mice increased at lower ambient temperatures between 16 and 32 degrees C, but stayed fairly constant at the same temperature in repeated experiments. Thus, MEE estimated by the present regression procedure was highly reproducible and valid to determine the fundamental value of daily energy expenditure under free-moving conditions.

Aging↗
PubMed1995

[Two cases of micrognathia caused by radiation therapy during infancy: an evaluation of their profilograms].

Two patients with micrognathia of the mandible caused by radiation therapy during infancy are reported herein. The first patient was a 25-year-old man with hemangioma of the tongue. He had previously received radiation therapy totaling 51 Gy at 1 and 2 years of age. The other patient was a 54-year-old woman who had received radiation therapy for an oral tumor during infancy. These two patients demonstrated micrognathia, and the former patient showed developmental anomaly of the teeth. In addition, the latter patient suffered from thyroid cancer at 45 years of age, and this was also thought to be radiation-related. Although reports of micrognathia caused by radiation are rare, such late effects should be taken into account when radiation therapy is planned for head and neck tumors in infants.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Coexistence of MALT-type lymphoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx.

A 66-year-old Japanese man was diagnosed as having a MALT-type lymphoma by histopathological examination. The lesion involved the vocal folds bilaterally, occupying the larynx and extending beyond it, as shown by computed tomography (CT). A course of radiation therapy with moderate doses was given. Six months later, a squamous cell carcinoma was found in the larynx and total laryngectomy was then performed. The patient remained well, without recurrence, 46 months after the operation. thus, MALT-type lymphoma may coexist with a squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[Serum eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) and major basic protein (MBP) levels in patients prepared for asthma attack].

Serum ECP levels, serum MBP levels and blood eosinophil counts (Eo) were studied in patients prepared for asthma attack. Five severely asthmatic children were studied. Samples were taken just before their 33 times of home stay loading test. Serum ECP levels were significantly higher in the patients who suffered asthma attacks during their home-stay period than in those who did not. In addition, serum ECP levels were higher in the patients whose asthma attack started less than 12 hours after they returned home. However, there was no significant correlation either in serum MBP levels or peripheral eosinophil counts between these groups. These findings suggested that serum ECP levels increased in patients prepared for asthma attack.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Marinesco-Sjögren syndrome with reduced cytochrome c oxidase in muscle.

The present study deals with the sisters of Marinesco-sjögren syndrome without parental consanguinity. Cranial MRI of sisters in a 0.5T superconducting magnet revealed the cerebellar hypoplasia or atrophy, especially in vermis and tonsils with dilatation of IVth ventricle. Microscopic findings of muscle biopsy indicated moderate variation of fibers with phagocytosis, rimmed vacuoles and no ragged red fibers with markedly decreased cytochrome C oxidase activity. 1H-NMR study of urine indicates the secondary decreased turnover rate in urea cycle due to high concentration of 3-hydroxy-n-butyrate.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1992

Thyroid function in premature infants.

The present study was performed using the simultaneous assays of free T4 and TSH levels in dried blood spots of filter paper for mass-screening of inborn errors of metabolism in order to clarify the thyroid function of premature infants. The subjects were divided in three groups: A group infants less than 1500 g at birth (n = 34, 27.4 +/- 2.6 weeks of gestational age), B group infants from 1500 to 2500 g at birth (n = 104, 35.6 +/- 2.4 weeks) and C group infants over 2500 g at birth (n = 490, 39.0 +/- 1.2 weeks). TSH levels were 4.51 +/- 3.03, 2.62 +/- 2.24 and 2.84 +/- 2.06 microU/ml in A, B and C group respectively and significant difference was recognized in group A and C. Free T4 levels were 0.71 +/- 0.42, 1.81 +/- 0.96 and 2.15 +/- 0.67 ng/dl, in group A, B and C respectively, and significant differences were recognized in all three groups. There was positive correlation between free T4 levels and gestational ages (Y = -2.413 +/- 0.11725X, r = 0.206, p less than 0.05).

Humans↗