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Biomedical subjects

M Miyazawa

Publications and source records attributed to M Miyazawa.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

[A case of thymic carcinoid with multiple endocrine neoplasm (MEN)-type I].

We presented a case of thymic carcinoid with MEN type I. A 43-year-old woman who followed at MEN type I for 4 years was pointed out an abnormal shadow by chest X-ray. Chest CT levealed the presence of two anterior mediastinal tumors. Extended total thymectomy was performed through the median sternotomy. There were 3 tumors in thymus. Histological examination revealed three tumors in the thymus and all of the tumor were diagnosed carcinoid. Our experience suggests that CT or MRI of the chest should be considered as part of clinical screening in patients with MEN type I.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Two cases of the bronchial cyst located in the anterior mediastinum].

Bronchial cysts are common cystic tumors around the tracheobronchial tree in the middle and posterior mediastinum and rarely locate in the anterior mediastinum. We reported two cases of the bronchial cyst located in the anterior mediastinum. One case was a 57 year-old-female. A thymic cyst was suspected and the extended total thymectomy was performed through the mediansternotomy. The microscopic examination showed bronchial epithelium and cartilage in the cystic wall. The another case was 71 year-old-male operated by thoracoscopic surgery for the cystic tumor in the anterior mediastinum. Microscopic examination showed bronchial epithelium and gland in the cystic wall.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

[Medical support system to enable advanced cancer patients to die at home].

Among 207 advanced cancer patients that received home care during the period from April, 1987 to December, 1998, 144 died in their own house, and 129 people were confirmed dead by a doctor of this department. Eighty (62%) of these 129 people died outside the hospital working hours. Moreover, 47 people (36%) died on a day the hospital was closed. The time difference between the actual death time and the doctor's death confirmation time was less than 60 minutes for 88 people, over 60 minutes for 41 people, over 120 minutes for 17 people, and over 180 minutes for seven people. The doctor in charge performed the death confirmation for 107 people (83%). Forty-seven people had received a visit by the doctor or nurse on the day of death, and 57 people had received a visit on the day before death. The existence of the medical support system of 24 hour correspondence and various guidance for the family on the method of making urgent reports when near death, how to spend the last hours, and the postmortem procedures were especially important in making home death possible.

Death↗
PubMed1999

[Home anti-cancer chemotherapy with continuous infusion of 5-FU combined with low-dose cisplatin injection via implantable venous port with portable balloon pump].

Home anti-cancer chemotherapy was performed for patients with advanced cancer of the digestive plantable venous port placed beneath the skin via the subclavian vein. 128 patients under 75 years old (enrolled: 6 patients with esophageal, 65 with gastric, 44 with colorectal, 5 with cholangio, 5 with pancreatic, one with hepatic and one with ileal cancer) were treated. Continuous intravenous infusion of 5-FU (300-400 mg/body/day) combined with low-dose injection of cisplatin (5 mg/body/day) was continued for 10 days, and repeated 3 times for 6 weeks. The response rate was 23.6% in 72 patients with valuation of tumor mass. In 83 patients for whom a tumor marker evaluation was also performed, an effect was seen in 30.1%. No severe side effects such as renal dysfunction were observed, and no special infusions were needed. Therefore, a quality of life was maintained in which bathing was possible and patients were released from the hospital. Hyperalimentation through the venous port, and palliation during the terminal stage, is easily accomplished. It is useful method for surgery, chemotherapy and palliative therapy in the treatment of cancer.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Pheromone-binding proteins of scarab beetles.

We have characterized pheromone binding proteins (PBPs) present in the antennae of several species of scarab beetles. In most cases there was only one class of PBP, which was expressed in both sexes. Both Anomala osakana++ and Popillia japonica possess a single PBP, highly homologous to each other. In species the same PBP seems to recognize both enantiomers of japonilure, which have opposite biological functions, i.e., the sex pheromone and the behavioral antagonist (stop signal). The purified PBP of A. osakana binds both enantiomers apparently with the same low affinity. Unexpectedly, these ligands were bound by moth PBPs, which utilize pheromones with unrelated structures. These findings suggest that the ligand specificity in this class of proteins may not be as high as it has been postulated.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Biotransformation of (+)- and (-)-Limonene by the Larvae of Common Cutworm (Spodoptera litura).

(+)-Limonene was mixed in an artificial diet at a concentration of 1 mg/g of diet, and the diet was fed to the last instar larvae of common cutworm (Spodopteralitura). Metabolites were recovered from frass and analyzed spectroscopically. (+)-Limonene was transformed mainly to (+)-p-menth-1-ene-8,9-diol (uroterpenol) and (+)-p-mentha-1,8-dien-7-oic acid (perillic acid). Similarly, (-)-limonene was transformed mainly to (-)-p-menth-1-ene-8,9-diol (uroterpenol) and (-)-p-mentha-1,8-dien-7-oic acid (perillic acid). The results indicate that there is little difference in metabolic pathway between the (+)- and (-)-forms.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1998

Expression and characterization of a very low density lipoprotein receptor variant lacking the O-linked sugar region generated by alternative splicing.

The very low density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR) gene contains an exon encoding a region of clustered serine and threonine residues immediately outside the membrane-spanning sequence, and this region has been proposed to be the site of clustered O-linked carbohydrate chains. Two forms of VLDLR transcripts, with and without the O-linked sugar region, are generated through alternative splicing. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction with RNAs from various rabbit tissues revealed that the VLDLR transcript with the O-linked sugar region (type-1 VLDLR) is the major transcript in heart and muscle, while the VLDLR transcript without the O-linked sugar region (type-2 VLDLR) predominates in non-muscle tissues, including cerebrum, cerebellum, kidney, spleen, adrenal gland, testis, ovary, and uterus. Hamster fibroblasts expressing type-2 VLDLR bound with relatively low affinity to beta-migrating very low density lipoprotein compared with type-1 VLDLR-transfected cells. In contrast, the internalization, dissociation, and degradation of the ligand were not significantly impaired in either type of VLDLR-transfected cell. The receptor proteins in type-2 VLDLR-transfected cells underwent rapid degradation and accumulated in the culture medium, while those in type-1 VLDLR-transfected cells were stable and resistant to proteolytic cleavage. Analysis of the O-linked sugars of both types of transfected cells suggested that the O-linked sugar region is the major site for O-glycosylation.

Alternative Splicing↗
PubMed1998

Detection of endogenous retrovirus antigens in NOD mouse pancreatic beta-cells.

We characterized C-type retroviruses expressed in the pancreatic beta-cells of non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice by immunohistochemical techniques and by inhibiting the production of viral particles using antisense oligonucleotides. Some cells in the pancreatic islets from both NOD and diabetes-resistant NOD-related mice (NON) reacted with a monoclonal antibody directed against the envelope protein(s) of polytropic viruses. On the other hand, NOD islet cells also showed strong immunoreactivity with an anti-gag protein monoclonal antibody and another anti-envelope protein(s) monoclonal antibody that is specific for xenotropic viruses. In antisense oligodeoxynucleotide inhibition assays, a xenotropic virus-specific phosphorothionate-particles antisense oligodeoxynucleotide significantly inhibited the occurrence of C-type virus particles in NOD mouse islet beta-cells. Therefore, C-type retrovirus-like particles expressed in NOD mouse pancreatic beta-cells were considered to be endogenous xenotropic virus. The expression of the xenotropic viral genome may be involved in the pathogenesis of the diabetic syndrome in NOD mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

[Feasibility of limited surgery for small peripheral lung cancer].

We investigated the pathologic factors of small (< or = 20 mm in diameter) peripheral non-small-cell lung cancer lesions and postoperative course of the patients with these lesions to evaluate feasibility of limited surgery for small peripheral lung cancer. From 1982 to 1997, 114 patients underwent resection for small (< or = 20 mm in diameter) peripheral non-small-cell lung cancer. The histologic type was adenocarcinoma in 92 and squamous cell carcinoma in 22. Lobectomy was performed in 111, pneumonectomy in two and segmentectomy in one patient. The systematic mediastinal dissection was carried out in all patients. In 33 patients with tumors 12 mm in diameter or smaller, there were no one with lymph-node metastasis or pulmonary metastasis. Likewise, all patients were survived without relapse. In conclusion, curative resection may be possible without mediastinal dissection or with lesser lung resection (segmentectomy or partial resection), when the tumor diameter is less than 10 mm, for small peripheral non-small-cell lung cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1998

Suppression of the SOS-inducing activity of Trp-P-1 and aflatoxin B1 by meso-dihydroguaiaretic acid from Machilus thunbergii in the Salmonella typhimurium TA1535/pSK1002 umu test.

The methanol extract from Machilus thunbergii showed a suppressive effect on umu gene expression of the SOS response in Salmonella typhimurium TA1535/pSK1002 against the mutagen, 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole (Trp-P-1), which requires liver metabolizing enzymes. The methanol extract from M. thunbergii was successively re-extracted with chloroform, butanol and water. A suppressive compound in the chloroform extract fraction was isolated by SiO2 column chromatography and identified as meso-dihydroguaiaretic acid by GC-MS, and 1H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. Meso-dihydroguaiaretic acid inhibited of the SOS-inducing activity of Trp-P-1 in the umu test. Gene expression was suppressed by 62% at less than 0.18 mumol/ml, the ID50 value being 0.08 mumol/ml. Compound 1 was also assayed with aflatoxin B1 (AfB1) and showed a suppressive effect.

Aflatoxin B1↗
PubMed1998

[An evaluation of pathologic T3 lung cancer].

A total of 35 pT3 patients of lung cancer underwent pulmonary resection from 1983 to 1997 in our department. The overall five-year survival rate of the 35 cases was 35.8%. There was no significant difference between the five-year survival rate of squamous cell carcinoma and that of adenocarcinoma. A superior outcome was observed for cases of curative resection compared with that of non-curative resection. Five-year survival rates of 19 patients with N0 disease, 16 patients with N1 or N2 disease were 46.6% and 22.2% respectively (p < 0.05). There was no significant differences among the survival rates according to the site of tumor invasion. We concluded that the long-term survival of patients with pathologic T3 disease critically depended on the lymph node state and completeness of resection.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1998

[Catamenial pneumothorax under video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery: a case report].

A 46-year-old woman complained four times of chest pains due to repeated right pneumothorax. This was improved by the right thoracic drainage each time. She was diagnosed as having catamenial pneumothorax from the fact that each episode of pneumothorax began with the first day of her menstrual cycle. She was admitted to our hospital in Jan. 1996 and operated on by the obliteration of pleuro-peritoneal fistulas on right diaphragm under video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). No other abnormal lesions were found in the right pleural cavity and right lung. In this case, the pathophysiological mechanisms of pneumothorax might have been caused by the air influx from the peritoneal cavity to the right pleural cavity through the fistulas on the right diaphragm. VATS is minimally invasive surgery and very useful for the treatment of pleuro-peritoneal fistulas on the diaphragm. It should be emphasized that hormonal therapy is necessary after VATS of catamenial pneumothorax.

Endoscopy↗
PubMed1997

Antimutagenic effect of resveratrol against Trp-P-1.

The methanol extract of Yucca schidigera (YE) showed a suppressive effect on umu gene expression of the SOS response induced by 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole (Trp-P-1) in Salmonella typhimurium TA1535/pSK1002. The suppressive effect of YE was also observed for 2-aminoanthracene and activated Trp-P-1, without a significant effect on bacterial growth. The extract exhibited a weak suppressive effect on SOS-induction by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, but not by furylfuramide or 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide. The antimutagenic activity of YE against Trp-P-1 was demonstrated by Ames assay using Salmonella typhimurium TA98. Isolation and purification of the active component of YE was carried out using SiO2 column chromatography, and 275 mg of antimutagenic compound was isolated from 2.5 kg of dried chips of yucca roots and branches. The compound was identified as 3,4',5-trihydroxystilbene (THS). The SOS suppression and antimutagenicity of THS against Trp-P-1 was determined by umu test and Ames test.

4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide↗
PubMed1997

Endoscopic nasobiliary drainage for bile duct injury after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Bile duct injuries are a potential complication of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). A patient who underwent successful endoscopic nasobiliary drainage (ENBD) for a bile duct injury sustained during LC is presented. Of particular note, the patient also had Chilaiditi's syndrome. A 59-year-old woman was admitted with symptomatic cholecystolithiasis and Chilaiditi's syndrome. LC was performed. Postoperatively, the patient complained of abdominal discomfort. Laboratory examination revealed cholestasis. Bilious material began spilling from an intraabdominal drain. Subsequent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) showed bile leakage. ENBD was performed. Repeat ERCP 10 days later failed to show a bile leak or stenosis of the common bile duct. The patient improved rapidly and had no complaints after the procedure. ENBD is a useful endoscopic technique to prevent peritonitis from bile leakage after LC. Chilaiditi's syndrome is not a contraindication for LC.

Bile Ducts↗