[Tests of gastric motility].
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Gastrointestinal Diseases↗
Biomedical subjects
M Miyazaki
Publications and source records attributed to M Miyazaki.
[Postoperative epidural fentanyl administration in patients for hysterectomy with para-aortic lymph node resection].
In our experience, continuous epidural administration of fentanyl in doses of 12.5 micrograms.h-1, has not been sufficient to relieve postoperative pain in patients after hysterectomy with para-aortic lymph node resection. Thus, a prospective, randomized, single-blind study was performed to compare the analgesic efficacy of fentanyl 25 micrograms.h-1 with 12.5 micrograms.h-1 in these patients for 48 hours after surgery. Twenty-one women undergoing hysterectomy with para-aortic lymph node resection were allocated into three groups; Group C (control, n = 7): fentanyl 12.5 micrograms.h-1, infusion rate 2 ml.h-1, Group S2 (double speed, n = 7): fentanyl 25 micrograms.h-1, infusion rate 4 ml.h-1, and Group C2 (double concentration, n = 7): fentanyl 25 micrograms.h-1, infusion rate 2 ml.h-1. At postoperative 0, 2, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours, the degree of analgesia was evaluated by visual analogue scale (VAS) and verbal pain scores at both rest and movement. Groups S2 and C2 showed significantly lower VAS scores than group C at the postoperative 6- and 24-hour points. At movement, the analgesic efficacy was not sufficient in any groups, but, at rest, groups S2 and C2 experienced significantly less pain than the group C. The degree of pain relief was not different between groups S2 and C2. In conclusion, epidural fentanyl 25 micrograms.h-1 provided significantly superior analgesia compared with epidural fentanyl 12.5 micrograms.h-1.
Analgesia, Epidural↗
[Thymic carcinoma associated with pulmonary sarcoidosis].
A 54-year-old man who worked as a farmer was admitted to the hospital in August 1989 because of bilateral hilar adenopathy that was detected during a mass screening. Laboratory examination showed a high serum lysozyme level and the PPD skin test was negative. Examination of a specimen obtained by transbronchial lung biopsy revealed non-caseous epithelioid cell granuloma. Sarcoidosis was diagnosed. The patient was not treated, and the bilateral hilar adenopathy had lessened by 1992. The patient was readmitted to our hospital because of right hilar and upper mediastinal enlargement seen on a chest radiograph in April 1994. Computed tomography and magnet resonance imaging disclosed an anterior mediastinal tumor in contact with the right upper lobe, the left inominate vein, and the pericardium. Bronchoscopy showed no abnormality in the right upper-lobe bronchus. Examination of a specimen obtained from the B3b bronchus showed no evidence of malignant cells. Examination of a tumor specimen obtained by transdermal biopsy showed squamous cell carcinoma. After the patient underwent combination chemotherapy, the tumor ws resected, along with the right upper lobe, the left inominate vein, and the pericardium, which were difficult to separate from the tumor. Postoperative pathological examination showed that squamous cell carcinoma was intermingled with normal thymus tissue. We believe that squamous cell carcinoma originated in the thymus. Non-caseous epithelioid cell granulomas were also found in the resected right upper lobe and in a mediastinal lymph node. The patient was discharged after post-operative irradiation of the mediastinum. Thymic carcinoma is rare, and sarcoidosis in a patient with thymic carcinoma is very rare. T lymphocytes are very important in the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis, and the thymus is involved in the growth and differentiation of T lymphocytes. The occurrence of these two diseases in one patient is interesting, but the relationship is not clear.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
[HIV associated nephropathy].
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AIDS-Associated Nephropathy↗
Intraglomerular C3 synthesis in rats with passive Heymann nephritis.
Passive Heymann nephritis (PHN), a model of human membranous nephropathy, is an immune-complex-mediated glomerulonephritis characterized by the presence of complement-dependent tissue injury. Recent studies have confirmed the synthesis of C3, involved in both the classical and alternative pathways of complement, in injured human and animal renal tissues. However, there is little clear information on the role of local C3 synthesis in the pathogenesis of nephritides such as PHN. In the present study, using nonradioactive in situ hybridization and semiquantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, we examined C3 synthesis in the kidney and its contribution to tissue injury in a rat model of PHN induced by the injection of polyclonal anti-gp330 antibody. C3 mRNA was localized in mesangial cells, glomerular epithelial cells, and cells of Bowman's capsule. During the early stages of PHN, C3 mRNA expression was detected in mesangial cells and glomerular epithelial cells, whereas such expression was limited to mesangial cells during the late stages of the disease. Focal, weak C3 mRNA expression was detected in tubular epithelial cells and occasionally in the interstitium. Semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction demonstrated that the level of C3 mRNA expression correlated with that of proteinuria. Our results suggest that renal cells synthesize C3 mRNA in PHN in a site-specific manner and that locally produced C3 is associated with the development of proteinuria in this model.
Animals↗
[A case of systemic lupus erythematosus associated with minimal change nephrotic syndrome].
A case of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) associated with minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) in a 25-year-old female is described. The patient suddenly manifested butterfly rash and proteinuria was first pointed out on March, 1994. On admission, her skin biopsy indicated SLE. Subsequently, she developed nephrotic syndrome. Urinalysis showed heavy proteinuria (4.1 g/day), with no other abnormalities in the urinary sediment. Immunological examination revealed positive antinuclear antibody at a titer of 1:80 with a speckled pattern. Anti-ssDNA and anti-SS-A antibodies were positive, but other antibodies were negative. Serum complement (CH50) was within the normal range (30.5 U/ml). The renal biopsy showed no apparent cellular proliferation or increase of extracellular matrices in glomeruli by light microscopy. Slight deposition of IgG, IgM, C3 and C1q was focally seen in the mesangium and capillary wall by immunofluorescence. Electron microscopic examination revealed small and scattered dense deposits in the mesangium, subepithelium and subendothelium, associated with diffuse fusion of the foot processes of epithelial cells along the glomerular basement membrane. According to the WHO classification, the histological features were compatible with those of lupus nephritis (LN), class Ib. The patient was treated with PREDNISOLONE, Mizorbine and Dilazep, resulting in the disappearance of proteinuria and a normal serum level of total protein. The association of LN and MCNS is very rare. We also investigated the relationship between the intensity of proteinuria and histological types of 53 cases with LN examined in our laboratory. The cases with heavy proteinuria were mostly classified as WHO-Class IV and Class V. We report here a case of LN associated with MCNS and also review the literatures.
Adult↗
Reinforcement of acrylic resins for provisional fixed restorations. Part II: Changes in mechanical properties as a function of time and physical properties.
In Part I, it was found that (i) 2 vol.% admixture of reinforcing elements in PMMA (Jet) resin matrix had a significant beneficial effects on the mechanical properties, and (ii) among these, zirconia exhibited the greatest improvements in modulus of elasticity, transverse strength, toughness, and hardness number. Using the best combination (i.e., PMMA resin matrix and 2 vol.% ZrO2), exothermic temperature raise and polymerization shrinkage were further investigated. Deterioration in mechanical properties due to prolonged water sorption were also studied for 5 weeks. The following can be concluded: (1) By increasing liquid/powder ratio for PMMA control samples, the peak temperature occurrence was retarded by 3 min and raised by 8 degrees C. (2) The effect of admixed oxide particles to PMMA resin matrix or the heat generated during polymerization was not significant. (3) The polymerization volumetric shrinkage was influenced by the a mixture of particles, with increases as large as 0.9% (or 0.3% in linear shrinkage). (4) PMMA resin admixed with 2 vol.% of zirconia particles showed a continuous weight gain due to water sorption, mechanical properties appears to be increasing up to 1-week sorption, followed by rapid drop of all properties. (5) Autopolymerizing acrylic resins are a resin-resin composite material of pre-polymerized beads embedded in a newly formed acrylic matrix. The main fracture modality appears to occur through the matrix and at the interface, although some trans-beads fractures were identified. (6) It was suggested that incorporating certain type of oxide particles into the pre-polymerized beads would provide stronger resin matrix.
Acrylic Resins↗
Role of Y chromosome of hypertensive parent in determination of blood pressure in normotensive offspring.
We investigated whether the sex of hypertensive parents mediates determination of blood pressure in their normotensive offspring. We analyzed medical checkup data from 7279 Japanese university students. Six hundred and forty-one students had one hypertensive parent with or without hypertensive grandparents, and 609 of these were available for the present analysis. Blood pressure levels in the students with one hypertensive parent were within the normotensive range; however, the blood pressure levels were higher than those in students without hypertensive relatives, and lower than those in students with two hypertensive parents. In the students with one hypertensive parent, systolic blood pressure levels were significantly higher in the male than in the female students. However, the sex of the hypertensive parent did not affect the blood pressure values of their offspring. Multivariate analyses revealed that body mass index was an independent predictor of systolic blood pressure solely in male students with a hypertensive father, but not in male students with a hypertensive mother. In female students with one hypertensive parent, body mass index was irrelevant to the determination of blood pressure. These findings suggest that different mechanisms determine blood pressure in the offspring of hypertensive parents, and that blood pressure determination mediated by body mass index in male students is linked to hypertensive Y chromosome.
Adolescent↗
Influence of environmental conditions on bond strength of a resin-modified glass ionomer.
PURPOSE: To investigate the influence of temperature and relative humidity (RH) on the dentin bond strength of a resin-modified glass ionomer cement (Fuji II LC) and to evaluate the bonding efficacy of dentin primer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four environmental conditions: (A) 25 +/- 1 degrees C, 50 +/- 5% RH, (B) 25 +/- 1 degrees C, 95 +/- 5% RH, (C) 37 +/- 1 degrees C, 50 +/- 5% RH, (D) 37 +/- 1 degrees C, 95 +/- 5% RH, were used to make the specimens. Bovine mandibular incisors were mounted in self-curing resin and the facial surfaces were ground on wet #600 SiC paper to expose dentin. Dentin Conditioner and OptiBond Prime were employed as treatment agents. After treating the dentin surface, the cement was condensed into a vinyl mold (4 x 2 mm) placed on the dentin and light cured. Ten samples per test group were stored in 37 degrees C water for 24 hours, then shear tested at a crosshead speed of 1.0 mm/minute. One-way ANOVA followed by Duncan test (P < 0.05) were done. RESULTS: The dentin bond strengths of the no-conditioning group and Dentin Conditioner treatment group increased with increasing temperature but were not influenced by RH. With the use of the dentin primer, increased bond strengths and no influence of environmental conditions were observed. These data suggest the efficacy of employing dentin primer for application of the resin-modified glass ionomer cement regardless of temperature or RH.
Analysis of Variance↗
Molecular cloning and expression of a novel peptide (LN1) gene: reduced expression in the renal cortex of lupus nephritis in MRL/lpr mouse.
A gene has been identified by mRNA differential display whose expression is reduced in the renal cortex of MRL/lpr mouse. The nucleotide sequence of the cDNA contains an open reading frame that encodes a protein of 338 amino acids (termed LN1). In situ hybridization showed that LN1 mRNA is present in glomeruli, and a 39 kDa protein was detected in the kidney by immunoblot. A human LN1 cDNA was also isolated, the deduced amino acid sequence of which is 78% identical to that of mouse LN1. Although the function of LN1 remains to be elucidated, its reduced expression may contribute to the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Evaluation of early graft function by hepatic venous hemoglobin oxygen saturation following orthotopic liver transplantation in the rat.
This study was designed to evaluate the use of hepatic venous oxygen saturation (Shvo2) as a predictor of early graft function after liver transplantation. We examined the levels of Shvo2 and serum ALT after transplantation using the isogeneic rat orthotopic liver transplant model. Shvo2 levels 2 hr after reperfusion in the 6-hr cold ischemia (nonviable allograft) group were significantly lower than those in the 1-hr and 3-hr cold ischemia (viable allograft) groups. However, there was no significant difference in ALT levels among these groups. These results suggest that decreased hepatic blood flow due to microcirculatory disturbances may occur in the nonviable allograft even in the early phase of reperfusion and may be responsible for ischemic damage to parenchymal cells. Therefore, Shvo2 could provide a simple index of the initial graft status and be useful for a rapid etiological diagnosis of early postoperative graft dysfunction and for estimating the graft outcome after liver transplantation.
Alanine Transaminase↗
Cloning and sequencing of the para-type sodium channel gene from susceptible and kdr-resistant German cockroaches (Blattella germanica) and house fly (Musca domestica).
Using reverse transcription polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCR), the DNA sequence for the main membrane-spanning region (IS3 through IVS6) of the gene encoding the alpha-subunit of the para sodium channel of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica, has been determined. The overall structure of the open reading frame region of this B. germanica gene is very similar to that of the para gene of Drosophila melanogaster, and that of the partially sequenced para gene of Musca domestica. On the other hand, it is distinctly different from that of the DSC gene (Drosophila sodium channel). As a result of a side-by-side comparison of the para gene sequences of the susceptible CSMA strain and the kdr resistant VT strain of B. germanica, one mutation (TTG to TTC) at the approximate center of the IIS6 membrane-spanning segment was found to result in an amino acid change from L to F. While the functional meaning of this mutation for the operation of the para sodium channel remains to be studied, this region is very highly conserved among all sodium channels identified so far, and is one of the most hydrophobic areas of the entire alpha-subunit. For comparison, we have studied the same region of the para sodium channel of both kdr and susceptible SBO strain of the housefly, Musca domestica. We found the homologous type of mutation, CTT to TTT, resulting in the same amino acid alteration (L to F) at this site. However, in the case of houseflies both kdr and susceptible strains contained both L and F versions of the protein. The ratio of TTT to CTT was significantly higher in the kdr strain of M. domestica than in the three susceptible strains examined.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Cytotoxic analogs of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone containing doxorubicin or 2-pyrrolinodoxorubicin, a derivative 500-1000 times more potent.
Doxorubicin (DOX) and its daunosamine-modified derivative, 2-pyrrolino-DOX, which is 500-1000 times more active than DOX, were incorporated into agonistic and antagonistic analogs of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH). The conjugation of DOX with LH-RH analogs was performed by using N-(9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl)-DOX-14-O-hemiglutarate, a dicarboxylic acid ester derivative of DOX. Coupling this derivative covalently to the epsilon-amino group of the D-Lys side chain of agonist [D-Lys6]LH-RH or antagonistic analog AC-D-Nal(2)-D-Phe(4Cl)-D-Pal(3)-Ser-Tyr-D-Lys-Leu-Arg-Pro-D-Ala-NH 2 [where Nal(2) = 3-(2-naphthyl)alanine, Pal(3) = 3-(3-pyridyl)alanine, and Phe(4CI) = 4-chlorophenylalanine] was followed by the removal of the 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl protective group to yield cytotoxic derivatives of LH-RH analogs containing DOX. From these DOX containing LH-RH hybrids, intensely potent analogs with daunosamine-modified derivatives of DOX can be readily formed. Thus, cytotoxic LH-RH agonist containing DOX (AN-152) can be converted in a 66% yield by a reaction with a 30-fold excess of 4-iodobutyraldehyde in N,N-dimethylformamide into a derivative having 2-pyrrolino-DOX (AN-207). Hybrid molecules AN-152 and AN-207 fully preserve the cytotoxic activity of their radicals, DOX or 2-pyrrolino-DOX, respectively, in vitro, and also retain the high binding affinity of the peptide hormone portion of the conjugates to rat pituitary receptors for LH-RH. These highly potent cytotoxic analogs of LH-RH were designed as targeted anti-cancer agents for the treatment of various tumors that possess receptors for the carrier peptide. Initial in vivo studies show that the hybrid molecules are much less toxic than the respective cytotoxic radicals incorporated and significantly more active in inhibiting tumor growth.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Deoxyhypusine synthase gene is essential for cell viability in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Deoxyhypusine synthase catalyzes the first of two steps in the biosynthesis of hypusine, a modification of a specific lysine residue in the precursor of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A. We have purified deoxyhypusine synthase from yeast, and cloned and sequenced the corresponding gene encoding a 387-amino acid protein from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Gene disruption experiments indicated that the deoxyhypusine synthase gene is essential for cell growth in yeast. This gene was shown to be an intron-free, single-copy gene, and its product can catalyze the synthesis of deoxyhypusine equally in two precursor forms of eIF-5A, derived from two distinct genes of yeast.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
A point mutation within each of two ATP-binding motifs inactivates the functions of elongation factor 3.
We have investigated how point mutations in the two ATP-binding motifs (G(463)PNGCGK(469)ST and G(701)PNGAGK(707)ST) of elongation factor 3 (EF-3) affect ribosome-activated ATPase activity of EF-3, polyphenylalanine synthesis, and growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The point mutation impaired the ribosome-activated ATPase activity of EF-3, when glycine(463 and 701) and lysine(469 and 707) were replaced with valine and arginine, respectively. Thus, each glycine and lysine residue in both ATP-binding motifs is indispensable for EF-3's binding with ATP and the ensuing generation of ribosome-activated ATPase activity. Additionally, the mutant EF-3s did not catalyze polyphenylalanine synthesis in vitro when each glycine(463 and 701) was replaced with valine. The mutant EF-3s did not support cell growth in TEF3-disrupted S. cerevisiae, when each lysine(469 and 707) and glycine(463) was replaced with arginine and valine, respectively. Thus, each of the two ATP-binding motifs of EF-3 is indispensable for the ribosome-activated ATPase activity of EF-3, which is required for protein synthesis and cell growth in S. cerevisiae.
Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
Mechanisms of interleukin-2-induced hepatic toxicity.
Interleukin 2 (IL-2) mediates the regression of metastatic cancer, but its clinical use is limited by associated toxicities including hepatic dysfunction. To determine the mechanism for IL-2-induced hepatic dysfunction, we hypothesized that IL-2 activation of Kupffer cells causes leukocyte-endothelial adhesion and decreases hepatic sinusoidal blood flow. C57BL/6 mice were given injections of latex particles and prepared for intravital hepatic microscopy 2 h after i.p. IL-2 administration. Liver tissue was also prepared to quantitate hepatic tumor necrosis factor (TNF) mRNA and processed for light and electron microscopy. Phagocytosing Kupffer cells and leukocytes adherent to the endothelium were counted, and surface sinusoidal blood flow was quantitated. Kupffer cell activity was quantitated as the ratio of phagocytosing Kupffer cells to sinusoidal blood flow. IL-2 significantly increased Kupffer cell activity (0.56 +/- 0.05 for controls versus 0.84 +/- 0.05 for IL-2), significantly caused leukocyte-endothelial adhesion (26.7 +/- 7.9 for controls versus 87.0 +/- 27.6 for IL-2, WBC/mm2 endothelial surface), and significantly decreased the number of sinusoids containing blood flow per microscopic field (6.66 +/- 0.15 for controls versus 5.79 +/- 0.13 for IL-2) without causing changes in systemic hemodynamic parameters. In IL-2 treated livers, light and electron microscopy showed the constriction of sinusoids associated with swollen or ruptured mitochondria, which was consistent with hypoxic deterioration near central venules. Adherent platelets, neutrophils, and lymphocytes within sinusoids and central venules were also observed. PCR revealed that IL-2 significantly induced TNF mRNA expression in the liver. These data suggest that IL-2 activates Kupffer cells in association with the release of monokines including TNF, which causes activation of circulating leukocytes as well as hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells. The resultant leukocyte and platelet adhesion to the endothelium may then physically impede the sinusoidal microcirculation, resulting in microscopic areas of hepatic ischemia and explaining the mechanism of IL-2-induced hepatic dysfunction.
Animals↗
Persistence of hepatitis C virus RNA in established human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines.
The persistence of the viral RNA of hepatitis C virus (HCV) was examined in 13 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and two hepatoblastoma cell lines by reverse transcription followed by the polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). HCV RNA was detected in three HCC lines (JHH-1, JHH-4, and JHH-6) and negative-strand viral RNA was found in JHH-4, indicating that there is a putative replicative intermediate of HCV in JHH-4 cells. To rule out the possibility of contamination, the partial nucleotide sequences of HCV-specific PCR products of these three cell lines were determined. The clone from JHH-1 belonged to genotype 1 (1a or 1b), and the clones from JHH-4 and JHH-6 belonged to genotype 2b, but their sequences differed from each other. These cell lines may be useful for studies related to HCV.
Adolescent↗