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Biomedical subjects

M Miyazaki

Publications and source records attributed to M Miyazaki.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Risk factors for age related maculopathy in a Japanese population: the Hisayama study.

AIMS: To examine the risk factors for age related maculopathy (ARM) in a sample Japanese population. METHODS: In 1998, a cross sectional community survey was conducted among residents of Hisayama. A total of 596 men and 886 women living in Hisayama, Japan, aged 50 years or older consented to participate in the study. Each participant underwent a comprehensive examination that included an ophthalmic examination. The presence of ARM was determined by grading from fundus examination by indirect ophthalmoscopy, slit lamp examination, and colour fundus photographs. Using these cross sectional data, logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the risk factors for ARM. The following 10 possible risk factors were used: age, cataract, hypertension (history), hypertension (history or examination), diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, current smoker, alcohol intake, BMI, and WBC. RESULTS: ARM was detected in 19.5% of men and 14.9% of women. Men were found to have a significantly higher prevalence of ARM than women. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that age and hypertension (history or examination) were significantly associated with ARM in men, whereas only age was a significant risk factor for ARM in women. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that higher age and male sex are relevant risk factors for ARM in Japan. In addition, hypertension is a relevant risk factor in men.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed2003

[Is the quality of off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting equivalent to that of conventional coronary artery bypass grafting].

We analyzed 44 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) from November 2001 to March 2003. Of 44 patients, 40 patients (29 men and 11 women; mean age 68.1 +/- 9.2 years) underwent off-pump CABG (OPCAB) [90.9%]. The mean number of bypass grafts was 2.53 +/- 0.78. In-hospital mortality was none and major complications except for one case of reexploration for bleeding were not seen. The early patency rate of over-all grafts was 94.6%. The quality of OPCAB was considered to be equivalent to conventional CABG.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Body size and somatotype characteristics of male golfers in Japan.

AIM: The aim of this investigation was to compare the physical characteristics and somatotypes of 4 Japanese male golfer groups with 2 non-golfer control groups. METHODS: Sixty-three male golfers, professional golfers (PR, n=11), collegiate golfers (CO, n=24), general amateur golfers (AM, n=13), collegiate recreational golfers (RE, n=15), non-golfing college student (CG, n=45) and a senior population of non-golfers as a control group (SC, n=20), for a total n=128. They were somatotyped, according to the Heath-Carter anthropometric method. RESULTS: The results show that the categories of the mean somatotypes of PR (3.8-5.8-1.6), CO (4.7-5.6-2.2), AM (3.3-4.4-2.6) and RE (3.7-4.8-2.7) were endomorphic mesomorph, SC (4.7-3.9-2.1) was mesomorphic endomorph, and CG (3.8-4.3-3.3) was central, respectively. The anthropometric variables that best discriminated between skilled and unskilled golfers were body weight, calf skinfold, calf girth, and femur width, with 82% correctly classified PR and 83% correctly classified for CO. Secondly, combination of sum of 4 skinfolds, biceps girth and humerus width, with 72% correctly classified PR and 75% correctly classified for CO. CONCLUSION: Within the Japanese golfer groups, there are differences between golfers and non-golfers with respect to somatotype, body size and composition. Results suggested that PR showed significantly larger limb girth than other groups. Somatotypes in male golfers tend to increased mesomorphy, related to skill level.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

KL-6 as an indicator for lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia (LIP) in a human T-lymphotrophic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) carrier.

A 59-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital complaining of a productive cough, dyspnea on effort, and low-grade fever. Although chest X-rays showed no marked abnormalities, her level of serum KL-6 was extremely high. We therefore suspected the presence of interstitial pneumonia. High-resolution computed tomography (CT) scan revealed infiltrative shadows in S6 of the right lung, and her serum was positive for antihuman T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) antibodies. From the clinical symptoms, radiographic findings, and histological findings, the diagnosis was probable lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia (LIP). After high-dose corticosteroid therapy, the level of serum KL-6 decreased rapidly. We conclude that KL-6 is a convenient and reliable marker for evaluating the activity of pulmonary manifestations in HTLV-1 carriers and that it is especially useful in monitoring the effectiveness of treatments.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed2002

Appropriate cerebral perfusion pressure during rewarming after therapeutic hypothermia.

This study evaluated the cerebral ischemic parameters during the rewarming period after therapeutic hypothermia to determine the critical cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) threshold to avoid ischemic deterioration. Cat experimental head injury was induced by inflation of an epidural rubber balloon to maintain intracranial pressure at 30 mmHg under hypothermia. During the rewarming period, CPP was maintained at > or = 120 mmHg, 90 mmHg, and 60 mmHg by controlling the blood pressure. CBF, CMRO2, AVDO2, and cerebral venous oxygen saturation (ScvO2) were measured. Brain extracellular glutamate concentrations were also measured by a dialysis electrode. Histological preparations of all brains were examined under an electron microscope. The cerebral metabolic parameters in animals with CPP of more than 90 mmHg returned to the base values after rewarming. However, ScvO2 was significantly lower (27 +/- 6%) and AVDO2 was significantly higher (9.4 +/- 1.8 ml/100 g/min) after rewarming in the animals with CPP = 60 mmHg, which indicated misery perfusion. Animals with CPP = 60 mmHg also showed increased extracellular glutamate concentration and histological ischemic damage (mitochondrial swelling). CPP of 60 mmHg during the rewarming period is associated with irreversible ischemia, which indicates continuation of cerebral vasoconstriction. Therefore, a CPP of greater than 90 mmHg is required to avoid cerebral ischemia.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Analysis of the dentin-resin interface by use of laser Raman spectroscopy.

OBJECTIVES: Adhesion of resin-bonding agents to dentin is currently believed to result from impregnation of adhesive resin into superficially demineralized dentin. The purpose of this study was to investigate the chemical composition of the resin-impregnated dentin (hybrid) layer using a micro-Raman spectroscopy. METHODS: Resin composites were bonded to bovine dentin with the two-step bonding systems, and specimens were sectioned parallel to dentinal tubules. These surfaces were then polished down to 1 microm diamond pastes. Raman spectra were successively recorded along a line perpendicular to the dentin-adhesive interface by steps of 0.2 microm on a computer controlled X-Y stage. The relative amounts of hydroxyapatite (960 cm(-1), P-O), adhesive resin (640 cm(-1), aromatic ring), and organic substrate (1450 cm(-1), C-H) in the dentin-adhesive bonding area were calculated. RESULTS: From the Raman spectroscopy results, the hybrid layer represents a gradual transition in the relative amount of adhesive from the resin side to dentin side. Evidence of poor saturation of the adhesive resin in the demineralized dentin with the one-bottle adhesive system was detected. SIGNIFICANCE: From the results of this study, inhomogeneity of the hybrid layer composition was detected, and the degree of resin impregnation was found to be different between the bonding systems tested.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Anti-atherosclerotic efficacy of olmesartan.

The possible inhibition of lipid deposition into vascular tissues by a novel angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist, olmesartan, was investigated in a primate high-cholesterol model. Twelve monkeys that were fed a high-cholesterol (4% cholesterol and 6% corn oil) diet for 6 months were divided into two groups: one group was given olmesartan medoxomil (10 mg/kg per day), and the other group was given no medication. A further control group of six monkeys was fed a normal diet throughout the study. The level of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol was increased by the high-cholesterol diet, whereas that of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was decreased. Olmesartan decreased the areas of lipid deposition on the aortic surface and intimal cross-section area, but not the mean blood pressure and the levels of LDL and HDL cholesterol. The relaxation response of isolated carotid arteries to acetylcholine was suppressed in the high-cholesterol group, but this was improved by olmesartan. Olmesartan inhibited the accumulation of macrophages in the intimal layer. Serum levels of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1, macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 were increased in monkeys fed the high-cholesterol diet, but they were suppressed by olmesartan, although the decrease was not significant. Olmesartan reduced lipid deposition, accompanied by the improvement of vascular functions and the inhibition of macrophage accumulation in the intimal layer and showed a trend towards the suppression of serum TGF-beta1, M-CSF and ICAM-1.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed2002

Pelvic exenteration for advanced colorectal cancer with reconstruction of urinary and sphincter functions.

BACKGROUND: Total pelvic exenteration (TPE) for the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer usually involves a double stoma for faecal and urinary excretion, which reduces patient quality of life. In this study, a stomaless reconstruction method for patients normally requiring TPE was evaluated. METHODS: Five patients underwent stomaless TPE. After removal of the tumour with an adequate surgical margin, the urethra was transected at the urogenital diaphragm and the rectum at the anal canal. An ileal neobladder was constructed and coloanal anastomosis was performed. The major omentum was used to construct a septum between the anastomoses. A transgastric ileus tube was used as an intestinal stent to prevent ileus. RESULTS: All patients were alive 12-39 months after operation. Faecal continence was preserved in four patients whose diverting colostomies were closed. All five patients were able to void urine spontaneously, with daytime continence. All but one, in whom cancer recurred, were mobile in the community. CONCLUSION: Stomaless TPE may be considered for locally advanced colorectal cancers that invade the genitourinary organs, provided that neither the anal canal nor the urogenital diaphragm is affected.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

Results of surgical treatment for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and clinicopathological factors influencing survival.

BACKGROUND: The results of surgical treatment for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) and specific factors influencing survival are still unclear. METHODS: Between 1984 and 2001, 62 patients with ICC underwent laparotomy, with a 77 per cent (48 patients) resectability rate. The tumours in these 48 patients were reviewed retrospectively to examine the relationship between gross appearance (mass forming, periductal infiltrating, intraductal growth, and mass forming plus periductal infiltrating) and patient survival, as well as the manner of recurrence. In patients with mass-forming and mass-forming plus periductal infiltrating types, univariate and multivariate analyses of potential prognostic factors were performed. RESULTS: The 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates were 62, 38 and 23 per cent respectively. All patients with the intraductal growth type remained alive after intervals ranging from 8 to 72 months. Univariate analysis showed multiple hepatic lesions, liver capsule invasion, presence of cancer cells in the resection margin, and high serum carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 level to be significant negative prognostic factors. Lymph node involvement, however, was not identified as a significant prognostic factor. With multivariate analysis, multiple hepatic lesions and high serum CA19-9 concentration were found to be significantly related to prognosis. The most frequent recurrence site was the remnant liver. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the intraductal growth type of tumour should be treated as a distinct entity compared with other types of ICC. Multiple tumours and high serum CA19-9 level were signs of dismal prognosis, whereas not all patients with lymph node involvement had a poor prognosis.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Characterization of 'adult-type' mast cells derived from human bone marrow CD34(+) cells cultured in the presence of stem cell factor and interleukin-6. Interleukin-4 is not required for constitutive expression of CD54, Fc epsilon RI alpha and chymase, and CD13 expression is reduced during differentiation.

BACKGROUND: In vitro-derived human mast cells exhibit different properties, depending in part on the source of progenitor cells. Most investigations have used fetal liver, cord blood or peripheral blood. Few have used adult bone marrow. OBJECTIVE: Human mast cells derived in vitro from the CD34(+) progenitors in bone marrow and cord blood that had been cultured with recombinant human stem cell factor (rhSCF) and recombinant human interleukin-6 (rhIL-6) were compared. METHODS AND RESULTS: After 12 weeks of culture, nearly all of the cells were mast cells, and nearly all of these had cytoplasmic granules containing both tryptase and chymase (MCTC type), stained metachromatically with acidic toluidine blue, and expressed CD117 on the cell surface. Both tryptase protein and mRNA were detected by two weeks of culture. Chymase mRNA and protein were detected at 4 weeks but not at 2 weeks of culture. By 12 weeks, chymase content per cell, measured by ELISA, was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in human bone marrow-derived mast cells (HBMMC) (5.6 +/- 0.9 pg) than in cord blood-derived mast cells (CBMC) (2.4 +/- 0.9 pg), whereas histamine and tryptase levels were not significantly different. Of the cluster designations tested, CD29, CD49d, CD51 and CD61 were strongly expressed on HBMMC. CD54 and Fc epsilon RI alpha also were expressed constitutively. Approximately half of CD34-sorted cells at day 0 were CD13(+) and this diminished as mast cell maturation occurred. Electron microscopy revealed that 12-week-old HBMMC had many secretory granules that contained spherical electron dense cores surrounded by electron lucent space, consistent with previous reports of immature MCTC cells developing in vivo. CONCLUSIONS: CD34(+) progenitors of human bone marrow are a rich source of mast cell progenitors capable of expressing granule and surface markers of mature mast cells in the presence of rhSCF and rhIL-6.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMed2002

[Total arch replacement using prior selective cerebral perfusion].

Prior selective cerebral perfusion is the method whereby selective cerebral perfusion and systemic perfusion start almost simultaneously, and the arch vessels are clamped. Cerebral circulation is isolated from systemic circulation to avoid cerebral embolization owing to detachment of atherosclerotic material from the aorta, caused by the "sandblasting" effect of high-velocity jets of blood exiting the aortic canula. Twenty-seven consecutive patients underwent total arch replacement for degenerative aortic arch aneurysm using prior selective cerebral perfusion from 1992 to 2001. Surgical death (within 1 month after operation) was 2 cases (7.4%), in-hospital death was 5 cases (18.5%). Systemic circulatory arrest time is almost equal to the time which distal anastomosis takes. The time was 81.4 +/- 24.3 minutes. Selective cerebral perfusion time was 194.9 +/- 30.9 minutes. Extracorporeal circulation time was 280.6 +/- 55.3 minutes. The time for emergence from anesthesia was 6.0 +/- 2.7 hours. Permanent neurologic dysfunction which was thought to occurred within 48 hours after surgery was noted in 1 case (3.7%). Postoperative survival at 8 years was 73.3%. There was 1 arch aneurismal related accident. Prior selective cerebral perfusion may be useful for avoiding cerebral embolization.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

Glomerulocystic kidney disease (GCKD) associated with Henoch-Schoenlein purpura: a case report and a review of adult cases of GCKD.

We report on a 71-year-old male with Henoch-Schoenlein purpura (HSP) who developed glomerulocystic kidney disease (GCKD) without congenital abnormality. He had mild renal dysfunction. Renal biopsy findings showed mild proliferation of mesangial cells and matrixes, and tubular atrophy, interstitial fibrosis, cystic dilation of Bowman's capsule and atrophy of the glomerular tuft. The deposition of IgA and C3 in the mesangial area was observed with the fluorescent antibody technique. Therefore he was diagnosed with GCKD-associated HSP. This was the oldest patient among the previous case reports and the patient was the first case to be reported for concurrent GCKD and HSP. In this study, we also reviewed the patient to previously reported adult patients with GCKD.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

[Inferior vena cava cannulation using Forgaty catheter for partial cardiopulmonary bypass].

Partial cardiopulmonary bypass is adopted in operation for aneurysm of descending aorta or DeBakey IIIb dissection. Cannulation from left common femoral vein to inferior vena cava (IVC) is often difficult because of operative position and anatomical relation of iliac veins to IVC. In this paper, IVC cannulation using Forgaty catheter is reported to be easy and safe for prevention of IVC perforation.

Aortic Aneurysm↗
PubMed2001

Antiproliferative activity of REIC/Dkk-3 and its significant down-regulation in non-small-cell lung carcinomas.

We recently reported the cloning of the REIC/Dkk-3 gene, whose expression was shown to be down-regulated in many human immortalized and tumor-derived cell lines [T. Tsuji et al. (2000) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 268, 20-24]. In the present study, we demonstrated that expression of the exogenous REIC/Dkk-3 gene in tumor cells inhibited cell growth. Furthermore, the level of REIC/Dkk-3 mRNA in normal human cells was lowest in the late G(1) phase during the cell cycle. Then we found that the expression of REIC/Dkk-3 was significantly down-regulated in surgically resected non-small-cell lung carcinomas. We determined the REIC/Dkk-3 locus on chromosome 11p15, where loss of heterozygosity has frequently been observed in human tumors. These findings indicate that REIC/Dkk-3 may function as a tumor suppressor.

Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing↗
PubMed2001

Critical role of cAMP-GEFII--Rim2 complex in incretin-potentiated insulin secretion.

Incretins such as glucagon-like peptide-1 and gastric inhibitory polypeptide/glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide are known to potentiate insulin secretion mainly through a cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway in pancreatic beta-cells, but the mechanism is not clear. We recently found that the cAMP-binding protein cAMP-GEFII (or Epac 2), interacting with Rim2, a target of the small G protein Rab3, mediates cAMP-dependent, PKA-independent exocytosis in a reconstituted system. In the present study, we investigated the role of the cAMP-GEFII--Rim2 pathway in incretin-potentiated insulin secretion in native pancreatic beta-cells. Treatment of pancreatic islets with antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) against cAMP-GEFII alone or with the PKA inhibitor H-89 alone inhibited incretin-potentiated insulin secretion approximately 50%, while a combination of antisense ODNs and H-89 inhibited the secretion approximately 80-90%. The effect of cAMP-GEFII on insulin secretion is mediated by Rim2 and depends on intracellular calcium as well as on cAMP. Treatment of the islets with antisense ODNs attenuated both the first and second phases of insulin secretion potentiated by the cAMP analog 8-bromo-cAMP. These results indicate that the PKA-independent mechanism involving the cAMP-GEFII--Rim2 pathway is critical in the potentiation of insulin secretion by incretins.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Significance of allogenic blood transfusion on decreased survival in patients with esophageal carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: To the authors' knowledge, the significance of allogenic blood transfusion in the prognosis of patients with esophageal carcinoma remains controversial. The objective of the current study was to elucidate the correlation, if any, between intraoperative allogenic blood transfusion and prognosis in patients with esophageal carcinoma. METHODS: Two hundred fifty-nine patients with esophageal carcinoma who had undergone esophagectomy and reconstruction were studied. The clinicopathologic data and survival were compared between the 87 patients (33.6%) who received an intraoperative allogenic blood transfusion and the 172 patients (66.4%) who did not. RESULTS: Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the factors that appeared to independently determine prognosis in patients with esophageal carcinoma were the depth of the tumor (P = 0.0001), lymph node metastasis (P < 0.0001), lymphatic invasion (P = 0.0002), venous invasion (P = 0.0008), and the occurrence of postoperative complications (P = 0.034). Intraoperative allogenic blood transfusion was not found to be an independent prognostic indicator. CONCLUSIONS: In the current study, an advanced stage of disease at the time of surgery, which resulted in the need for blood transfusion and the occurrence of postoperative complications, appeared to worsen the prognosis in patients with esophageal carcinoma.

Aged↗