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Biomedical subjects

M Miyano

Publications and source records attributed to M Miyano.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Dose-response curves of central and peripheral airways to nicotine injections in dogs.

The dose-response curves of the central and peripheral airways to intravenously injected nicotine were studied in 55 anesthetized dogs. With intact vagi, nicotine caused a dose-dependent increase in central airway resistance (Rc) similar to the increase in peripheral airway resistance (Rp) at concentrations ranging from 4 to 64 micrograms/kg. However, the responses of both Rc and Rp fell progressively when sequential doses of nicotine greater than 256 micrograms/kg were administered. With intact vagi and the administration of propranolol, there was a greater increase in Rp than in Rc at a nicotine dose of 64 micrograms/kg (P less than 0.05). With vagotomy, the responsiveness of both central and peripheral airways to nicotine decreased with doses of nicotine less than 64 micrograms/kg, but with doses of nicotine greater than 256 micrograms/kg the suppressive effect of nicotine on both Rc and Rp was less than that seen with intact vagi. Under conditions in which the vagi were cut and atropine administered, the responsiveness of nicotine was even further depressed. Combinations either of atropine and chlorpheniramine or atropine and phenoxybenzamine also completely blocked reactions to nicotine. Additionally reactions to nicotine were completely blocked by hexamethonium. These results suggest that nicotine increases both Rc and Rp mainly through a vagal reflex and stimulation of the parasympathetic ganglia.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1986

Properdin factor B frequencies in four Asian populations.

The distribution of Properdin factor B (Bf) phenotypes and their gene frequencies were investigated in four Asian populations (Chinese, Filipino, Thai and Japanese). The frequency of the BfS phenotype in Filipinos (0.717) was significantly lower than that in Chinese (0.900) and Thai (0.889) (p less than 0.01), but not different from the Japanese (0.840). One variant, BfF 0.65 S, was identified in a Japanese subject. Thus, in the Asian populations studied, Bfs frequencies were high and the frequency of variants other than F and S were low.

China↗
PubMed1986

Diabetes due to secretion of a structurally abnormal insulin (insulin Wakayama). Clinical and functional characteristics of [LeuA3] insulin.

We have identified a non-insulin-dependent diabetic patient with fasting hyperinsulinemia (90 microU/ml), an elevated insulin:C-peptide molar ratio (1.68; normal, 0.05-0.20), normal insulin counterregulatory hormone levels, and an adequate response to exogenously administered insulin. Insulin-binding antibodies were absent from serum, erythrocyte insulin receptor binding was normal, and greater than 90% of circulating immunoreactive insulin coeluted with 125I-labeled insulin on gel filtration. The patient's insulin diluted in parallel with a human standard in the insulin radioimmunoassay, confirming close molecular similarity. The patient's insulin was purified from serum and shown to possess both reduced binding and ability to stimulate glucose uptake and oxidation in vitro. Analysis of the patient's insulin by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) revealed two products: 7.3% of insulin immunoreactivity coeluted with the human standard, while the remaining 92.7% eluted as a single peak with increased hydrophobicity. Family studies confirmed the presence of hyperinsulinemia in four of five relatives in three generations, with secretion of an abnormal insulin documented by HPLC in the three tested. Leukocyte DNA was harvested from the propositus and the insulin gene cloned. One allele was normal, but the other displayed a thymine for guanine substitution at nucleotide position 1298 from the putative cap site, resulting in a leucine for valine substitution at position 3 of the insulin A chain. Insulin Wakayama is therefore identified as [LeuA3] insulin.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1983

Comparative studies on immunological characteristics of IDDM among Asian populations.

Very little information is available related to possible differences in immunological characteristics of IDDM among Asian populations, though it has been reported that IDDM is associated with Bw54-DR4 and B17-DR3 in Japanese and Chinese, respectively. There is virtually no report related to comparative studies on Bf-DM association among Asian populations, while Bf-DM association is reported to be stronger than HLA-DM association in Caucasians. In the present paper, the results of our studies on anti-thyroid antibodies (ATA) of IDDM in Japanese, Chinese and Filipinos are presented. In Japanese, the incidence of ATA positive was higher in IDDM with a duration of less than one year (35.7%) than that in the patients with a duration of one year or more (12.5%). But, there was no such a duration dependent decrease in the incidences of ATA among Chinese or Filipino IDDM. The frequency of BfSS in Filipinos is lower than in Japanese or Chinese. However, no association was found between Bf phenotypes and IDDM in Asian populations. These results indicate that autoimmunity is transient in Japanese IDDM, but persistent in Chinese and Filipinos, and that it is too early to postulate in general that Bf-IDDM association in general populations is stronger than HLA-IDDM association.

Autoantibodies↗
PubMed1983

Comparative studies on vascular disorders in diabetics between urban and rural districts.

The incidence of vascular disorders was investigated in two groups of diabetics. One group (group-U) comprised 408 diabetics who were inhabitants of an urban district. The other group (group-R) consisted of 148 diabetics who were inhabitants of a rural district. The annual incidence rates of myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular disease in group-R were about twice as high as the respective rates in group-U. The prevalence rates of hypertension and ECG-abnormalities in group-R were also significantly higher than those in group-U (p less than 0.01). However, there was no appreciable difference between the two groups with respect to the incidence of proteinuria or proliferative retinopathy. Any significant difference between the two groups in age, obesity index, Hb-A1, T. Chol., TG. or HDL-C levels was not recognized. The duration of diabetes was relatively short in group-R. These findings suggest that the high incidence of myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular disease in group-R is not influenced by the difference in Hb-A1 or serum lipid levels, and that these vascular disorders are probably associated with hypertension and ECG-abnormalities.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Reliability of HbA1 assay in the mass survey for diabetes mellitus, with special reference to the preservation and transportation of blood samples.

Studies on the reliability of the HbA1 assay in mass surveys for diabetes mellitus were carried out with special reference to the preservation and transportation of blood samples. It is essential to confirm that the preservation and transportation of samples have no effect on values for HbA1, since most of the mass surveys are carried out as field works. In our experience the levels of HbA1 remained unchanged for one week, both in samples kept at 4 degrees C, and in frozen samples kept at -40 degrees C or -80 degrees C and transported on solid CO2. The levels of HbA1 in the samples transported from Manila to Wakayama by the above-mentioned methods did not differ from those obtained in corresponding fresh samples. There was a good correlation between levels of HbA1 and levels of plasma glucose obtained 1 or 2 hr after breakfast (PPG). It was concluded that the use of both criteria (HbA1 of more than 8.00% and PPG of more than 120 mg/100 ml) in the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus is more reliable than use of either one alone.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1983

Proposal of the diabetic diet load test (DLT) as a new diagnostic.

The diet loading test (DLT), which measures the change in the blood sugar (BS) level after a loading diabetic diet (5 units = 400 kcal, including 50 g of carbohydrate), has been devised as a new diagnostic for diabetes. Twenty-seven and 253 patients classified as borderline type (G-B) and diabetic type (G-DM), respectively, from the results of 50 g-OGTT (GTT) were subjected to DLT to evaluate its clinical usefulness. Diagnostic criteria of DLT were established from the BS levels (mean +/- 2S.D.) in 46 normals as follows: normal type (D-N), lower than 100 mg/100 ml at baseline and than 120 mg/100 ml both 1 and 2 hr after loading; diabetic type (D-DM), higher than 120 mg/100 ml at both 1 and 2 hr; borderline type (D-B), neither of these patterns. According to these criteria, 253 patients of G-DM were divided into 249 D-DM and 4 D-B; 27 G-B were subclassified into 3 groups: 7 D-N (all of them were above 70 years old), 13 D-B and 7 D-DM (all of them were in a remission stage of diabetes). Furthermore, the results of DLT were more closely correlated with HbA1 levels, the daily profile of BS and the degree of retinopathy than those of GTT. The reproducibility of DLT was also better than that of GTT. In conclusion, DLT is a new system which makes it possible to differentiate physiological glucose intolerance in the aged and in patients in a remission state of diabetes from borderline cases diagnosed with GTT. Furthermore, it was proved that a better correlation existed between the state of BS control and the results of DLT than those of GTT. The usefulness of DLT in a population survey was also proved.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

A ring contraction of 18,20-cyclo-steroids. Preparation of 18-acetyl-17,18-cyclo-4-androsten-3-one and 18-hydroxyacetyl-17,18-cyclo-4-androsten-3-one.

The ring contraction of 18 alpha-mesyloxy-20 alpha-hydroxy-18,20-cyclopregn-4-en-3-one (Ib) and 18 alpha-mesyloxy-20 alpha-hydroxy-21-acetyloxy-18,20-cyclo-pregn-4-en-3-one (Id) took place upon exposure to Florisil at 25 degrees C, producing 18 alpha-acetyl-17,18-cycloandrost-4-en-3-one (IIa) and 18 alpha-acetoxyacetyl-17,18-cycloandrost-4-en-3-one (IIb) respectively. A similar ring contraction of 18 alpha, 20 alpha-dihydroxy-18,20-cyclopregn-4-en-3-one (Ia) took place upon electron impact. Deuterium labeling demonstrated that the first steps of mass spectral fragmentation of Ia were the rearrangement to IIa and the oxidative cleavage to 3,18,20-trioxo-4-pregnene (IVa).

Androstenes↗
PubMed1976

Synthesis and biological evaluation of omega-homologues of prostaglandin E1.

The synthesis and biological activities of some compounds with novel modifications of the omega side chain of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) are described. The preparation of (+/-)-omega-Me-PGE1 (3) (+/-)-omega-Pr-PGE1 (5), and (+/-)-omega-Bu-PGE1 (6) is outlined. The compounds were evaluated for in vitro smooth muscle stimulating activity on isolated gerbil colon preparations, for hypotensive action in anesthetized rats, and for gastric antisecretory effects in histamine-stimulated Heidenhain pouch dogs. Structural changes in the omega position of the noncarboxyl side chain of PGE1 influenced the biological potency of the resulting compound when compared to the reference standard PGE1 (2). The homologues demonstrated interesting separation of biological activities; for example, 4 showed potent hypotensive activity (84% of PGE1, it showed very low smooth muscle stimulating activity. Compound 3 possessed the same order of potency as 2 in the gastric antisecretory assay.

Animals↗