Evidence is presented that MHC restriction of foreign transplantation antigens occurs when tolerance is induced. Whereas PVG and F344 rats rendered tolerant at birth with (DA X PVG)F1 and (DA X F344)F1 hybrid bone marrow cells (BMC), respectively, accept ACI skin grafts, presumably because the foreign transplantation antigens of these third party grafts, which are MHC-compatible with DA, are recognized only in association with the MHC of the hosts, DA rats rendered tolerant with (DA X PVG)F1 or (DA X F344)F1 hybrid BMC usually reject ACI skin. Further support that MHC restriction accompanies the induction of tolerance is provided by the observation that Lewis.1N rats rendered tolerant at birth with athymic (nude) Wag BMC are much more likely to accept BN.B2 (MHC-compatible with Wag) skin grafts, than BN (MHC-compatible with Lewis.1N) grafts.

Animals↗

PubMed1986

Early stage head and neck non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The effect of tumor burden on prognosis.

Treatment results were investigated in 113 previously untreated patients with clinical Stage I and II (Ann Arbor) non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the head and neck. Fifty-six Waldeyer's ring, 34 other extranodal sites, and 23 cervical nodal lesions were included. The overall relapse-free survival at 5 years was 41%. Age and Ann Arbor stage influenced relapse-free survival. The results suggested that the tumor cell burden is a fundamental prognostic factor for patients with Waldeyer's ring disease and for patients with only cervical nodal disease. Abdominal relapse was most frequent, followed by generalized relapse. From 1981, patients were randomized in a clinical trial to receive either chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone [CVP], five courses) or whole-abdominal irradiation (25 Gy/20 Fr) as an adjuvant therapy. Patients could not tolerate the whole-abdominal irradiation well. A significant improvement in survival has been obtained by adjuvant chemotherapy.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1986

Fecal bile acids and neutral sterols in rats with spontaneous colon cancer.

Fecal bile acids and neutral sterols of spontaneous colon cancer-bearing Wistar-Furth strain rats were examined and compared with those of control rats of the same strain by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The amount of total fecal bile acids and the percentage of fecal lithocholic acid were almost similar in both groups, but the percentage of fecal deoxycholic acid was significantly higher in the colon cancer group than in the controls. The amount of total fecal neutral sterols and the percentage of fecal coprostanol were also markedly higher in the colon cancer group than in the controls. The percentage of cholesterol and the amount of beta-sitosterol were, however, almost similar in the two groups. These results indicate that fecal deoxycholic acid and fecal coprostanol are notably higher in rats with colon cancer than in controls.

Animals↗

PubMed1986

Pericardial closure.

Closure of the pericardium after operation for coronary bypass is recommended. It affords protection for the right ventricle and overlying bypass grafts if repeat sternotomy is necessary, and may decrease the incidence of tamponade. A mild compressive effect on the heart has been noted at the time of pericardial closure that does not appear to affect clinical outcome. Hemodynamic studies support this impression. The supracardiac portion of this layer is not closed, and permits use of internal mammary artery conduits. Pericardial closure is not feasible in all instances, however. The need for increased filling pressures, the anticipation of cardiac rather than mediastinal postoperative bleeding, and occasional interference with the course of internal mammary pedicles may preclude closure.

Cardiac Tamponade↗

PubMed1986

Age-related changes in learning and memory in the senescence-accelerated mouse (SAM).

Age-related changes in learning ability were studied in senescence-accelerated mice (SAM) reared under specific pathogen-free (SPF) conditions. SAM-P/8/Ta (SAM-P/8, senescence-prone substrain) showed an age-associated increase in spontaneous motor activity (SMA) compared with SAM-R/1/Ta (SAM-R/1, senescence-resistant substrain) in a novel environment when the activity was measured in the light period, although there was no significant difference in the dark period. In observations of the circadian rhythm of SMA, SAM-P/8 showed a significant increase in diurnal SMA. In SAM-P/8 mice, the acquisition of passive avoidance response was slightly but significantly impaired even at 2 months of age, compared with SAM-R/1 control; the impairment became obvious with aging. In a one-way active avoidance task, SAM-P/8 did not show any impairment in the acquisition of avoidance response at 2 and 4 months of age. However, significant impairment was observed in SAM-P/8 at 12 months of age. The impairments of avoidance tasks were not due to a decrease in shock sensitivity, as indicated by no significant change in the flinch-jump threshold. In a water-filled multiple T-maze task, there was no difference in the number of errors between the two groups. With regard to the performance time to reach the goal, however, SAM-P/8 showed a mild prolongation at 2 months of age, and the prolongation became marked with advancing age.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aging↗

PubMed1986

Cerebral embolization leads to memory impairment of several learning tasks in rats.

The effects of cerebral embolization, produced by injecting microspheres into the left internal carotid artery, on passive and active avoidance tasks and water filled multiple T-maze task, were studied in male Wistar rats. The rats with cerebral embolization were markedly impaired acquisition and retention of the one-trial passive avoidance response. The impairment depended on the number of microspheres injected and continued for 2 weeks. The cerebral embolized rats were also impaired acquisition of two-way active avoidance response in a shuttle box. These impairments are not due to decrease in shock sensitivity, because there was no significant change in the flinch-jump threshold. The embolized rats also exhibited a significant disturbance in performance of water filled multiple T-maze learning. These results suggest that rats with cerebral embolization are impaired in three different types of learning tasks, and may be useful as an animal model for the vascular type of dementia.

Animals↗

PubMed1986

Phagocytosis of latex particles by leucocytes. I. Dependence of phagocytosis on the size and surface potential of particles.

A series of latex particles, having different sizes and surface structures, were prepared and the dependence of phagocytosis of latex particles by leucocytes on the particle size and surface potential was investigated by measuring the oxygen consumption of leucocytes. Most of the phagocytic behaviour in the initial stages can be explained by susceptibility of particles to heterocoagulation i.e. attachment of small particles (latex particles) onto large particles (leucocytes) by the colloidal attractive force between the two kinds of particles. Specific behaviour for fine particles seems to be attributed to the contribution of steric stabilization by the hydrated layer on the particle surface and to the inability for the leucocytes to recognize very fine particles as foreign materials.

Humans↗

PubMed1986

Volar dislocation of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb--a case report.

A patient with a volar dislocation of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb is reported in which closed reduction proved impossible because of the interposition of the dorsal capsule, extensor pollicis longus tendon and extensor pollicis brevis tendon in the metacarpophalangeal joint. The collateral ligament was also ruptured. Therefore open reduction is recommended for similar cases.

Female↗

PubMed1986

Effects of tizanidine, a centrally acting muscle relaxant, on motor systems.

Effects of tizanidine were studied with special reference to the effect on motor systems. The drug effectively reduced the intercollicular decerebrate rigidity and gamma-activity indirectly recorded from muscle spindle afferent discharges without showing the direct inhibitory effect on muscle spindles in rats. The drug dose-dependently inhibited the phasic responses of alpha-rigidity in anemic decerebrate rats without showing marked inhibition of the tonic response. Tizanidine effectively depressed the crossed extensor reflex in chicks and depressed mono- and polysynaptic reflex potentials in rats; dorsal root reflex was increased transiently. Tizanidine had no effect on the neuromuscular junction in rats and [3H]diazepam binding in rat brain membrane. It is suggested that the depression by tizanidine of gamma-system and spinal reflexes contribute to muscle relaxation and anti-spastic effects and that mechanisms of action are different from those of other centrally acting muscle relaxants such as mephenesin and benzodiazepines.

Animals↗

PubMed1986

A clinical study of 30 wrist cutters.

Thirty patients who committed wrist cuttings were divided into four groups according to the patients' psychiatric diagnosis: hysteria group, depression group, adolescent behavioral disorder group and other diagnostic group. In the hysteria group, wrist cutting was considered as an expression of the patients' unconscious intention to seek sympathy for themselves from other people. In the depression group, wrist cutting seemed to be a preliminary rehearsal of suicide. In the adolescent behavioral disorder group, internal conflicts in adolescence or discordance with the patients' parents seemed to be the chief motivations of wrist slashing. The core groups were the hysteria and adolescent behavioral disorder groups, and the peripheral groups were the depression group and others.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1986

[A study of the distribution of footsole pressure when standing on one leg].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗

PubMed1986

[Immunotherapeutic studies on EN-L2C guinea pig leukemia].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Animals↗

PubMed1986

Safety and efficacy of hepatitis B vaccine in hospital personnel.

Clinical trials of the hepatitis B vaccine developed in Japan were performed by the phase I, phase II and phase III studies. It was found that this vaccine did not only contained HBV itself but also other pathogens. It was ascertained to be adequately safe, since no major side effect was induced. After inoculation of the vaccine 3 times into 195 hospital employees, an HBs antibody seroconversion rate of 91.8% (97.0% in females and 86.3% in males) was obtained. In recipients aged more than 50 years, the rate was significantly lower. Although 8.2% of the recipients were non-responders to the vaccination, there was no significant correlation between the strength of the HBs antibody response and the lymphocyte subsets in the peripheral blood. It was observed, however, that among the non-responders, the incidence of low OKT4+/OKT8+ cell ratios tended to be somewhat increased. In follow-up studies of the antibody, majority of subjects, in whom the antibody level at 1 month after the 3 inoculations was below 50 RIA units, demonstrated negative conversion within 1 or 2 years. Namely, their value were reduced to below the minimal protective antibody value for prophylaxis of HBV infection.

Adult↗