Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to M Mine.
Benign polyp with prostatic-type epithelium in the anterior urethra is rare. We present a case of the same lesion accompanied with urethral stricture. A literature review and discussion of this rare entity are also presented.
Thirty patients with a variety of non-lymphocytic neoplasias were studied cytogenetically using short-term liquid cultures of bone marrow or peripheral blood cells with or without either granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) or granulocyte-macrophage CSF (GM-CSF). The final concentration of these growth factors was 10 ng/ml and the duration of culture was 48 h, since these provided optimal increases in mitotic index (MI). In GM-CSF-stimulated culture, 23 out of the 30 patients (77%) had a significantly (p < 0.05) higher MI than that in unstimulated culture, whereas only five (17%) did so in G-CSF-stimulated culture. The quality of banded chromosomes was considerably good in 17 out of the 30 patients (57%) with GM-CSF, whereas it was so only in two (7%) and three (10%) patients with no CSF and G-CSF, respectively. Of the 30 patients, 27 (90%) had the same chromosomal findings with G-CSF/GM-CSF as without CSF, but the remaining three (10%) showed a remarkable change after stimulation. Culture for 72 h with G-CSF or GM-CSF disclosed a minor abnormal clone which was undetected in 24 and 48 h cultures in a patient with myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia. Thus, compared with G-CSF, adding GM-CSF to cell culture may be useful for cytogenetic studies of non-lymphocytic neoplasias. The chromosomal findings may, however, be changed by these growth factors for some patients.
A T cell line from mononuclear cells in the synovial fluid of a patient with polyarthritis was established. The T cell line reacted with serum samples positive for antibodies to human T cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) and with monoclonal antibody to HTLV-I p19. In Southern blotting with an env-pX-LTR HTLV-I probe and digestion of T cell line DNA with the restriction enzymes ClaI, DraI, and PstI generated fragments that were identical to those found in two HTLV-I infected T cell lines established from adult T cell leukaemia or HTLV-I associated myelopathy. The T cell line expressed CD2, CD3, CD4, CD45RA, CD29, HLA-DR, CD25, and CD26 antigens, but not CD8 and CD20 antigens. Large amounts of interleukin 6, interferon gamma, and tumour necrosis factor alpha were secreted in the culture supernatants of this cell line. This line helped immunoglobulin production by B cells, but not K562, Raji, and synovial cell lysis.
In a comparison of 47 patients with Philadelphia-chromosome (Ph)-positive chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in the Nagasaki University School of Medicine and 64 patients with the same disease in the Roswell Park Memorial Institute, the correlation between the modal number of chromosomes and the therapeutic response and/or survival after the onset of the blastic phase (BP) was evaluated. The patients were divided into four groups on the basis of the modal number of chromosomes of the cells in the bone marrow: those with hypodiploidy (group 1), those with pseudodiploidy carrying a Ph chromosome (group 2), those with 47 chromosomes (group 3), and those with 48 or more chromosomes (group 4). The results revealed similar trends in the two institutes. Namely, the therapeutic response and the survival after the onset of the BP in groups 1 and 4 were more unfavorable and shorter than those in groups 2 and 3, although the former (group 2) had a better prognosis than the latter (group 3). Thus, the statistical analysis revealed that the numerical chromosome findings at the BP are useful parameters for assessing the therapeutic response and survival after the onset of the BP of CML.
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From January, 1987 through January, 1990, partial cystectomy was performed for 4 (18%) of 22 patients with invasive bladder cancer who had received neoadjuvant intra-arterial chemotherapy. The criteria of patient selection for partial cystectomy were: 1) invasive bladder cancer showing good response (greater than or equal to PR) to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, 2) solitary or localized tumor that can be eradicated by segmental resection, and 3) tumor of stage T3 or less. As a rule, cisplatinum (100 mg/m2) and THP-adriamycin (40 mg/m2) were administered selectively to the internal iliac artery by one-shot infusion. Concurrently, sodium thiosulfate (10 g/m2), a neutralizing agent against cisplatinum, was administered intravenously. All four patients had achieved clinical complete responses by one or two courses of intra-arterial chemotherapy, and then underwent partial cystectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy. Pathological examination revealed pTONO in two patients, and the remains were pT3aNO and pT3bN1. After the mean follow-up of 24 months, three of them are alive with no evidence of disease, and also with normal bladder and sexual functions. However, one with pT3bN1 tumor underwent total cystectomy 5 months later for local recurrence (pT4b) and had died of cancer 18 months later. Neoadjuvant intra-arterial chemotherapy followed by partial cystectomy should be the most applicable conservative therapy with high radicality for invasive bladder cancer, when: 1) the patient has localized invasive cancer showing good response (greater than or equal to PR) to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, 2) the tumor is stage T3a or less and without findings of tentacular invasion (INF gamma) by pre-operative biopsy, and 3) pre-operative multiple biopsy is performed as deeply as possible along the prearranged incision line.
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Serum deoxythymidine kinase (TK) was measured in 15 patients with the acute type of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL), in 4 with chronic ATL, in 10 with lymphoma type ATL, in 9 with pre-ATL, in 11 with human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) associated with myelopathy (HAM) and in 19 HTLV-I carriers. All these patients were positive for anti-HTLV antibody. The level of TK in pretreatment serum was highest in acute ATL (15.6-1600 U/l, median 107 U/l). It was elevated in chronic ATL (5.4-55.0 U/l, median 37.6 U/l) and lymphoma ATL (6.8-316 U/l, median 16.8 U/l) but normal in pre-ATL (1.8-4.7 U/l, median 2.8 U/l), HAM (1.2-6.0 U/l, median 3.0 U/l) and HTLV-I carriers (1.1-4.6 U/l, median 2.3 U/l). Statistical examination revealed a significant difference between the levels of acute ATL and chronic ATL/lymphoma ATL. In the patients of this series, a close correlation between the level of TK and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) was statistically present (p less than 0.01). These facts indicate that TK level is a useful indicator of the aggressiveness of ATL cells.
Nineteen patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) de novo who had no detectable chromosomal abnormalities received intensive remission induction chemotherapy. After the first chemotherapy cycle, ten of 14 (71%) patients aged 60 years or less entered complete remission (CR) whereas none of five patients aged more than 65 years attained CR. On the other hand, leukemia showed a drug resistance in three (21%) of the former patients and in four (80%) of the latter patients. One patient in each group died during induction. Generally, older ANLL patients have an inferior CR rate after chemotherapy and a poor prognosis. This has been explained by the facts that the risk of induction death increases and that specific chromosomal abnormalities associated with poor prognosis are considerably more frequent in older patients. Our data may indicate, however, that in ANLL with normal karyotype older patients show a low initial response rate because of drug resistance.
Of the 66,276 Nagasaki atomic bomb survivors registered at the Scientific Data Center for the Atomic Bomb Disaster at the Nagasaki University School of Medicine, 140 were identified as having skin cancer from the records of 31 hospitals in Nagasaki City. From the cases of these survivors, a statistical analysis was made of the incidence of skin cancers by age, gender, histology and latency period in Nagasaki atomic bomb survivors. The results showed a high correlation between the incidence of skin cancer and distance from the blast hypocenter, and that the incidence of skin cancer in the Nagasaki survivors appears now to be increasing with exposure distance.
An in vitro fertilisation unit has been working since the 1 st May 1988 in the Notre-Dame Clinic in Charleroi in the Beligium province of Hainaut. This work analyses the practice and results of the first two years activity in which 185 oocytes retrievals were carried out. The account not only deals with the results (according to 8 criteria for evaluation) but also on the factors that modify these results (9 parameters). It is scientific tools that makes it possible to analyse objectively and precisely, the factors leading to success or failure in our technique. The results are compared with those in the literature and in the French national enquiries (these do not exist in Belgium) show that even in modest conditions (2 gynaecologists and a biologist who have other duties) it is possible to carry out in the first year 62 and in the second year 123 oocyte recoveries. The scrupulous attention to technical details in this university centre of reference made it possible from the beginning to achieve worthwhile results (21% pregnancies for all recoveries and 32% pregnancies for all embryo transfers).
A 60-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with symmetrical arthritis of the knees. During the 2 years preceding admission, she had experienced recurrent arthritis. A histological examination of her synovial tissue showed prominent villous proliferation of the synovial cells, prominent vascularity throughout and an inflammatory infiltrate composed of abnormal mononuclear cells. Three months later, she developed fever, skin eruptions, lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly. She also had hypercalcemia and there was abnormal lymphocytosis in her blood smears. She was diagnosed as having adult T cell leukemia. Parenteral chemotherapy treatment with adriamycin and cyclophosphamide gave remission of all the manifestations of disease, including arthritis. Her leukemia recurred, however, and she died 6 months after the diagnosis was made.
Among about 100,000 A-bomb survivors registered at Nagasaki University School of Medicine, 290 male subjects exposed to 50-149 cGy showed significantly lower mortality from non-cancerous diseases than age-matched unexposed males. This was deduced from the fitting of a U-shaped dose-response relationship. Reasons for this effect in males, but not in females, are discussed with reference to selection of individuals and to hormesis.
Among a total of 65,268 Nagasaki atomic bomb survivors recorded in the Scientific Data Center of Atomic Bomb Disaster, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, 140 cases with skin cancer were collected from 31 hospitals in Nagasaki City from 1961 through 1987. Subsequently, these cases of skin cancer in Nagasaki atomic bomb survivors were statistically analyzed in relation to the estimated distance from the hypocenter by age, sex, histology and latent period. The results were as follows: 1. A high correlation was observed between the incidence of skin cancer and the distance from the hypocenter. 2. The incidence of skin cancer in Nagasaki atomic bomb survivors now appears to be increasing in relation to exposure distance. 3. Among 140 cases, basal cell epithelioma was observed in 67 cases (47.9%) and squamous cell carcinoma in 43 cases (30.7%).
Congenital neurogenic bladder dysfunction with spina bifida and sacral dysgenesis manifested itself at middle age is reported. A 48-year-old male who had urinary retention and suprapubic cystostomy one year and a half before in another hospital was seen, asking for removal of the cystostomy. He had never had any neurologic or bladder dysfunction in his childhood and adulthood. X-ray examination revealed a bifid spine and sacral dysgenesis, bilateral hydronephrosis, bilateral VUR and urethral stricture. Uroflowmetry showed a severe dysuric pattern (voided volume 5 ml, residual urine 230 ml) and the cystometrogram revealed a hyperactive bladder. Optical urethrotomy for stricture yielded some improvement i.e. recovery of voluntary voiding with large amount of residual urine. TUR of the bladder neck resulted in almost complete voiding. Cohen's antireflux operation yielded favorable improvement of hydronephrosis. The bladder and renal function remained favorable in the follow-up period of about two years. The clinical course of this patient suggested that his bladder dysfunction was due to late manifestation of congenital neurogenic bladder.
Using electron microscope, distribution of lanthanum tracer in the seminiferous epithelium was evaluated in adult male rats 2, 7, 25 and 53 days after single intraperitoneal injection of 3 mg/kg of CDDP. Lanthanum penetrated beyond the tight junction between Sertoli cells and the maximum penetration around the spermatid was found on the 7th day, when any degenerative changes of seminiferous epithelium were not recognized light microscopically. And 4 weeks pretreatment with Cephalantin and Kallikulein had no effects on this lanthanum tracer penetration around the spermatid. On decreasing this lanthanum tracer penetration after 7 days, some lanthanum was also found around the spermatocytes on the 53rd day but not around the spermatid. It is proposed that lanthanum tracer penetration beyond the Sertoli cell tight junction may be a morphological marker of early Sertoli cell dysfunction after CDDP administration.
A 72-year-old woman with signet-ring cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder treated with total cystectomy is described. The bladder yielded linitis plastica pattern of infiltration similar to that seen in the gastric cancer, i.e., cancer tissue extended almost whole bladder deeply to the serosa, whilst the mucosal surface was only minimally invaded. She received no adjuvant therapy and she is alive without recurrence 8 months after the operation. We review the reported cases and shortly discuss the prognosis and treatment of primary signet-ring cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder.
To clarify the clinical significance of serum deoxythymidine kinase in various hematological disorders, basic examination was performed of a newly developed radioenzyme assay kit for TK (Prolifigen TK kit "Daiichi") using 125I-iodo-deoxyuridine as a substrate. The assessment of the standard curve, and the results of recovery test, dilution test, and precision and reproducibility were satisfactory. Among several anticoagulant agents tested, heparin was the best one showing no influence on the measurement of TK level. Based on these results, serum TK level was measured in 140 healthy adults as a control group. There was no difference by age and sex. The serum TK level of normal control was 3.1 +/- 1.2 U/l, with an upper limit of 5.5 U/l.