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Biomedical subjects

M Miller

Publications and source records attributed to M Miller.

At least 883 records · Page 49Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Renal deficiency associated with diabetes insipidus in the SWR/J mouse.

The age-dependent polydipsia and polyuria observed in SWR/J mice was found to be caused by relative inability of the kidneys to respond to antidiuretic hormone (ADH), resulting in a concentrating defect, which persisted even following Pitressin injection or water deprivation. Posterior pituitaries contained large amounts of ADH, which was also found in the urine and increased in output following water deprivation, indicating normal, or above normal synthesis and release of ADH. Kidneys of polydipsic SWR/J mice weighed more than those of normal strains and sometimes contained a lesion in the medullary area. No clear relationship was found between the size of the lesion and water intake.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Trigeminal nerve and eating in the pigeon (Columba livia): neurosensory control of the consummatory responses.

Electrophysiological, neurobehavioral, and cinematographic techniques were used to study the role of the trigeminal nerve in the neurosensory control of eating. Analaysis of single-unit data recorded in the pigeon's trigeminal ganglion indicates that the trigeminal nerve provides somatosensory inputs from the oral region that signal the location and movement of food and monitor the extent of mouth opening. Trigeminal deafferentation, although it does not affect pecking or swallowing, severly impairs the efficiency of eating. Cinematographic analysis shows that the impairment is due to disruption of the neurosensory control of mandibulation-the process by which grain is grasped at the beak tip and moved to the back of the mouth.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

The effect of menopause on serum cholesterol in American (Pima) Indian women.

Serum cholesterol levels in Pima Indian women were investigated to determine if menopause caused these levels to rise. The mean cholesterol values of 148 pre-menopausal women aged 34-54 when age-matched with 75 post-menopausal women were not significantly different. Sixty-five women passed through menopause while under observation and were examined sequentially for an average of 6.1 years. Their mean pre- and post-menopausal cholesterol levels of 182 +/- 5 mg/100 ml and 180 +/- 5 mg/100 ml were similar. Nor did menopause alter cholesterol levels in the subgroups of these patients with diabetes mellitus. Cholesterol levels in both Pima males and females showed no age-related rise, and were 20-30% lower than white populations. This study provides additional evidence against the postulated relationship between menopause and serum cholesterol.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Registration of sinus node recovery time in patients with sinus rhythm and in patients with dysrhythmias.

Sinus node recovery time (SRT) after rapid atrial pacing has been recorded in 66 patients, 28 with coronary heart disease, 11 with advanced AV block, 10 with sick sinus syndrome and 17 with paroxysmal tachyarrhythmias. In patients with a normal functioning sinus node SRT was related to the basal heart rate. On an average SRT was 130% of the basal P-P interval with an upper limit of 160%. In patients with a presumed normal atrial function the mean SRT was found to be 1 080 msec, with an upper limit of 1 500 msec. This corresponds with previously published observations. In all 5 patients examined, beta-receptor blockade (propranolol 5 mg i.v.) prolonged SRT. The prolonged SRT was related to sinus bradycardia. Verapamil (Isoptin 5 mg i.v.) had no effect on SRT in the 7 patients examined. The observation of an SRT of more than 1 500 msec indicates a poor sinus node function. Recording of a normal SRT, however, cannot exclude a sinus node dysfunction, as normal SRT is occasionally found even in patients with a clinically proved dysfunction.

Arrhythmia, Sinus↗
PubMed1975

Angiographic evaluation of carcinoid tumors of the small intestine: the value of epinephrine.

The angiographic features in 5 cases of carcinoid tumors of the small intestine are discussed. Findings included irregularity and narrowing of the distal mesenteric and intestinal arcade arterial branches, minimal parenchymal stain, and obstructed venous return. A stellate arterial configuration was not noted. In 2 cases in which epinephrine was employed, tumor staining of the primary lesions and their hepatic metastases was markedly enhanced. Possible mechanisms of action for the pharmacoangiographic effect of epinephrine are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Polyuria and imparied ADH release following medial preoptic lesioning in the rat.

Studies were carried out in the rat to detemine if hypothalamic lesions which caused polydipsia and polyuria had their effect mediated through an alteration of the ability of the neurohypophyseal system to release ADH. Rats with medial preoptic lesions hadincreased water intake while on ad libitum access to water and slightly impaired ability to conserve water following dehydration, but with no impairment of urine-concentrating ability. These were associated with an increase in plasma osmolality both during ad libitum fluid intake and after dehydration. Urinary ADH excretion was at leastas great as in shamoperated controls during ad libitum water intake, but failed to increase during dehydration in spite of a marked increase in plasma osmolality. Pituitary ADH content did not differ from control animals either during ad libitum water intake of after dehydration. Animals with lesions in the lateral preoptic and septal areas did not differ from control animals during ad libitum fluid intake and after dehydration even though lateral preoptic lesions produced polydipsia. In all animals, lesions were remote from the supraoptic nuclei, which showed no histological evidence of damage. It is concluded thatareas of the central nervous system away from the supraoptic nuclei are involved in the regulation of both water intake and ADH release.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Suppression of ADH during water immersion in normal man.

Since previous studies from this laboratory have demonstrated that the redistribution of blood volume and concomitant relative central hypervolemia induced by water immersion to the neck causes a profound natriuresis and a suppression of the renin-aldosterone system, it was of interest to assess whether the diuresis induced by immersion was mediated by an analogous inhibition of ADH. The effects of water immersion on renal water handling and urinary ADH excretion were assessed in 10 normal male subjects studied following 14 h of overnight dehydration on two occasions, control and immersion. The conditions of seated posture and time of day were identical. During control ADH persisted at or above prestudy values. Immersion resulted in a progressive decrease in ADH excretion from 80.1 plus or minus 7 (SEM) to 37.3 plus or minus 6.3 muU/min (P smaller than 0.025). Cessation of immersion was associated with a marked increase in ADH from 37.3 +/- 6.3 muU/min to 176.6 +/- 72.6 muU/min during the recovery hour (P smaller than 0.05). Concomitant with these changes urine osmolality decreased significantly beginning as early as the initial hour of immersion from 1044 +/- 36 to 542 +/- 66 mosmol/kg H2O during the final hour of immersion (P smaller than 0.001). Recovery was associated with a significant mean increase in Uosm of 190 +/- 40 mosmol/kg H2O over the final hour of immersion (P smaller than 0.001). The suppression of ADH occurred without concomitant changes in plasma tonicity. These studies are consistent with the suggestion that in hydrated subjects undergoing immersion suppression of ADH release contributes to the enhanced free water clearance, which has been previously documented.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Inhibition of ADH release in the rat by narcotic antagonists.

The diuretic action of two new narcotic antagonists, oxilorphan and butorphanol, was studied in rats heterozygous for hereditary hypothalmic diabetes insipidus. Both drugs caused a prompt increase in urine volume and a decrease in urine osmolality with an associated decrease in urinary ADH excretion. The effects appeared to be dose related and of short duration. Tolerance to butorphanol administration was evident on repeated daily injections. The diuretic effect was not associated with alternation in creatinine excretion, but butorphanol resulted in decreased osmolal, sodium and potassium excretion. Butorphanol prevented the expected rise in urine osmolality and ADH excretion due to 31 h of dehydration. Oxilorphan did not interfere with the ability of administered ADH to cause an antidiuresis. The data indicate that these narcotic antagonists cause a diuresis by inhibiting ADH release from the neurohypophysis.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Quantification of collagen in renal glomeruli isolated from human nondiabetic and diabetic kidneys.

Previous studies of diabetic renovascular complications have measured morphologic changes in relatively few glomerular vessels by electron microscopy. The present study samples 20,000 to 80,000 glomeruli from each of ten nondiabetic and ten diabetic age- and sex-matched subjects. Glomeruli were isolated and fractionated by size with a sieving method. Three samples of glomeruli from each subject were analyzed for size, mass, and hydroxyproline content as an index of basement membrane collagen. Approximately 40 per cent of the glomeruli in each sample were isolated. Glomeruli comprised 94 per cent of the tissue elements present, and 92 per cent of the isolated glomeruli were intact. Diabetic glomeruli are larger than nondiabetic glomeruli (mean diameter +/- S.E.M. = 258 +/- 10 mu versus 196 +/- 6 mu) and heavier (499 +/- 63 ng. versus 232 +/- 16 ng.). Diabetic glomeruli have greater hydroxyproline content than nondiabetic glomeruli when content is expressed per glomerulus (21.9 +/- 3.3 ng. versus 7.1 +/- 0.5 ng.) and when expressed per milligram dry weight of glomeruli (44.0 +/- 2.4 mug. versus 31.6 +/- 1.9 mug.). Glomeruli from diabetics of longest duration show the greatest increases in mass and hydroxyproline values. A pathologist's semiquantitative estimation of diffuse glomerulosclerosis revealed a high correlation between hydroxyproline values and histologic determination of the extent of the renal lesion. These measurements allow quantification of basement membrane collagen and may be used to follow development of diabetic vascular complications.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Hyperinsulinemia and hypoinsulinemai. Insulin responses to oral carbohydrate over a wide spectrum of glucose tolerance.

Oral glucose tolerance tests using a 75 gm. carbohydrate load were performed on 396 Pima Indians. Subjects were divided into groups on the basis of two-hour plasma glucose levels and the patterns of insulin response examined. Two-hour insulin levels were highest in the group with two-hour plasma glucose levels between 140-169 mg,/100 ml. and then fell progressively until levels about 400 mg./100 ml. were reached. Half and one-hour insulin levels showed little change in the groups with two-hour glucose levels up to 170 mg,/100 ml., but at higher glucose levels these insulin levels also progressively diminished. Fasting insulin levels were relatively unchanged over the entire range of glucose inintolerance. Obesity was the most important factor influencing the fasting insulin levels. Glucose level was the major determinant of post-load insulin responses, but these were also significantly influenced by obesity. No effect of age or sex on insulin levels was demonstrated. Comparison with other published data indicated that different interpretations of insulin response in subjects with "mild diabetes" have resulted from comparisons of groups with different degrees of glucose tolerance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Comparison of the value of the two- and one-hour glucose levels of the oral GTT in the diagnosis of diabetes in Pima Indians.

In many population and screening studies of diabetes, the one-hour glucose level of the GTT has been used to define the diabetic status of subjects. The one-hour postglucose load determination has been preferred over the two-hour value by many investigators primarily because of convenience and justified on the basis of the high correlation between the two values. Venous plasma glucose levels, one and two hours after 75-gm. carbohydrate load, were determined on over 1600 Pima Indians. In most sex and age groups, the frequency distributions of both the one-hour and two-hour glucose levels were clearly bimodal. By the logarithms of the glucose values these distributions were consistent with a model of two overlapping Gaussian distributions. The data indicate that for the Pima the amount of overlap of the distributions was greater for the one-hour than for the two-hour values. For each sex and decade the probabilities of misclassification of a normal as "hyperglycemic" and vice versa were smaller for the two-hour than for the one-hour values. Such misclassifications for the two-hour levels averaged 6.6 per cent and 11.6 per cent for the one-hour levels. The reproducivility of the GTT taken one to three weeks apart in a sample of ninety-nine Pima Indians showed that the two-hour level was superior to the one-hour level as measured by the mean values of the absolute difference between log GTT levels for test and retest values. The one-hour measurements also gave more disagreements between the classifications of diabetic status than the two-hour test values. If a single measure of glucose tolerance is to be selected for the diagnosis of diabetes among Pima Indians, these data provide a mathematical rationale for preferring the two-hour level to the one-hour determination.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1975

Syndrome of recurrent increased secretion of antidiuretic hormone following multiple doses of vincristine.

The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) has been recognized to occur following treatment with vincristine. None of the reports have provided information regarding its potential for recurrence on further challenge with vincristine (VCR), an agent generally required for repeated use in patients with malignancies. Symptomatic hyponatremia and SIADH that occurred 8 days following administration of VCR in a child with acute lymphatic leukemia was documented with specific radioimmunoassay of urinary ADH levels. The further occurrence of recurrent elevations in ADH excretion 8-10 days following repeated treatment with VCR was also observed. However, SIADH was prevented by prophylactic rigorous fluid restriction. The occurrence of SIADH following VCR therefore does not preclude the further safe usage of this drug.

Child, Preschool↗