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Biomedical subjects

M Menon

Publications and source records attributed to M Menon.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[The value of a child abuse observation clinic. Report of an experience in the area of Grenoble].

In France the epidemiology of child abuse is badly known, because of the lack of connexion between different institutions. We present a child abuse observatory set up in Grenoble in May 1987. The social, educational, judicial and medical department's services are working together. In the first 20 months, 87 cases were recorded: 57 physical abuse, 26 sexual abuse and 5 cases of abuses due to negligence. Precise information was collected concerning the victims, their siblings, the family's risk factor and the offenders, the method by which the information was obtained and the prosecution undertaken. A 10 July 1989 law enforced each Department's governor to set up a service for collecting information about child abuse. Our observatory will serve as a model for this law application.

Child↗
PubMed1989

Radiosensitivity of human prostate cancer and malignant melanoma cell lines.

The relative radioresponsiveness of human prostate cancer compared to malignant melanoma is well known. The effects of beta-estradiol or testosterone on the X-irradiation survival of several human cell lines were studied, including: human prostate carcinoma cell lines PC3 and DU145 and human malignant melanoma cell lines A375 and A875. Lines PC3 and DU145 demonstrated 55-61 fmol per 10(6) cells of androgen receptor with no detectable estrogen or progesterone receptor. Cells were irradiated at 120 cGy/min dose rate. There was no detectable toxicity of up to 10(-4) M testosterone or beta-estradiol on PC3 or DU145 cells in the absence of X-irradiation. At plating efficiencies from 11-13%, and plating densities of 1 x 10(4) cells per 60 cm2 flask, cell lines PC3 and DU145 demonstrated a Do of 108.5 +/- 6.5, n 2.1 +/- 0.7 cGy, and Do of 143.5 +/- 1.5 cGy, n 2.4 +/- 0.5, respectively. The addition of testosterone or beta-estradiol at 10(-4) to 10(-10) M prior to or after, X-irradiation did not alter radiosensitivity. At the same dose rate of 120 cGy/min, malignant melanoma cell lines A375 and A875 had a Do of 125 +/- 2.5 cGy, n 1.56 +/- 0.8 SF2 0.65 +/- 0.03 and line A875 demonstrated a Do of 129 +/- 4.5 cGy, n 1.58 +/- 0.4 SF2 0.55 +/- 0.04, respectively. The radiosensitivity of melanoma cell lines did not decrease at low dose rate 5 cGy/min. Thus, the in vitro radiosensitivity of androgen receptor positive prostate cancer cell lines is not necessarily altered by the presence of androgen before or after irradiation. The data support the concept that all malignant melanoma cell lines do not show a broad-shouldered cell survival curve in vitro and intrinsic cellular radioresistance.

Cell Survival↗
PubMed1989

Etiological factors in pediatric stone recurrence.

We followed 270 pediatric stone patients during a 27-year period to determine the recurrence rate of stone disease. Stone disease recurred in 42 patients (16 per cent). When these patients were categorized according to etiology of the stone disease the recurrence rates were infection 14 per cent, idiopathic 14 per cent, anatomical 27 per cent and metabolic 30 per cent. The most prolonged interval to stone recurrence in each category ranged from 7 to 13 years and, thus, long-term followup of pediatric stone patients seems to be important.

Child↗
PubMed1989

Effect of oxalate on function of kidney mitochondria.

The effects of oxalate on kidney mitochondria were evaluated in vitro to test whether oxalate exposure leads to derangement(s) in mitochondrial function that could in turn promote the formation of kidney stones. Our previous studies demonstrated that oxalate is transported across the mitochondrial membrane via the dicarboxylate carrier. The present studies indicated that oxalate competitively inhibits the uptake and oxidation of exogenous malate and succinate in isolated mitochondria but has no effect on mitochondrial respiration in the presence of a mixture of glutamate plus malate or glutamate plus pyruvate. Oxalate attenuates the increase in mitochondrial respiration produced by the uncoupler CCCP or by the Ca2+ ionophore A23187, and the latter effect is more pronounced in kidney than in liver mitochondria. The apparent Ki of oxalate for the response to Ca2+ ionophore is 1.9 +/- 0.3 mM in kidney and 6.1 +/- 0.2 mM in liver mitochondria. Similarly, the ability of oxalate to attenuate calcium-induced swelling of mitochondria is more dramatic in kidney than in liver mitochondria (apparent KiS of 1.7 +/- 0.1 and 18.2 +/- 0.7 mM, respectively). Oxalate has no effect on the rate of calcium uptake by energized mitochondria or on the rate of ruthenium red-insensitive calcium efflux from mitochondria in either tissue. The above findings indicate that oxalate interacts with the inner mitochondrial membrane or with processes controlling membrane integrity to a greater extent in kidney than liver mitochondria. The effects of oxalate on membrane permeability or integrity may be more important than its effects on mitochondrial energy production or calcium sequestration in the pathogenesis of calcium oxalate microlith formation in the kidney.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

A comparison of patients and patient complaints at six chiropractic college teaching clinics.

A cooperative study was undertaken by six chiropractic colleges for the purpose of studying similarities and/or differences among the patients and patient complaints at the college outpatient (teaching) clinics. There were some notable differences among the clinics with respect to the standard demographic variables of age, education, employment and income. The sociodemographic characteristics of patients appeared to be different to the extent that the characteristics of the neighborhoods in which the clinics were located were different. Patients referred to the clinics by chiropractic student/interns were more likely to attend for routine physical exam than patients referred by other sources. Although marked differences were observed in patient attendance for routine physical examination, the health problems for which patients sought treatment were very similar among all the clinics. Low back complaints were the most frequently reported health complaint. The characteristics of the low back complaints were very similar at all six sites.

Ambulatory Care Facilities↗
PubMed1989

Prognostic and therapeutic observations of manifestations in the genitourinary tract of adenocarcinoma of the colon and rectum.

To evaluate the significance of involvement of the genitourinary tract in adenocarcinoma of the colon and rectum, we received the records of 178 patients with adenocarcinoma of the colon and rectum admitted to the University of Massachusetts Medical Center from 1980 to 1985. Sixty-eight patients (38 per cent) had urologic manifestations categorized as ureteral obstruction or injury (34 per cent), invasion to the bladder or prostate, or both (10 per cent), isolated gross hematuria (18 per cent), radiation cystitis (6 per cent) and neurogenic bladder (26 per cent). Involvement of the genitourinary tract was more common among patients with recurrent versus primary carcinoma (53 versus 32 per cent) and among patients with high stage (Dukes' C and D) versus low stage (Dukes' A and B) carcinoma (48 versus 21 per cent). The survival rate was worse in patients with high stage compared with low stage disease and no patient with recurrent high stage disease survived beyond three years. Short term survival (less than two years) was not statistically different among patients with or without manifestations in the genitourinary tract: 63 and 45 versus 71 and 66 per cent at one and two years, respectively; however, the five year survival rate was worse among patients with genitourinary involvement (30 versus 54 per cent, p less than 0.05). Surgical and endoscopic intervention of the urinary tract was performed upon 36 patients with Dukes' C and D carcinoma because of life-threatening sepsis or azotemia, or both.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1988

Impairment by cyclosporine of membrane-mediated functions in kidney mitochondria.

This study was performed to evaluate whether cyclosporine penetrates kidney mitochondria and impairs mitochondrial functions, causing nephrotoxicity. Exposure of rat kidney cortical mitochondria in vitro to cyclosporine had little effect on the oxidation of glutamate plus malate. Oxidation of succinate was markedly inhibited by a toxic level of cyclosporine (25 to 50 nmol/mg protein) under resting (State 4) and ADP-stimulated (State 3) conditions. Under uncoupling conditions, induced by the proton ionophore, CCCP or by the calcium ionophore, A23187 plus calcium, mitochondrial respiration was unchanged by cyclosporine. In mitochondria isolated from rats treated with an immunosuppressive dose of cyclosporine (25 mg/kg/day, p.o.), respiration was not significantly impaired. The respiration stimulated by ADP was only diminished in mitochondria from rats treated with 75 mg/kg. The rate of calcium uptake was unchanged by cyclosporine under in vitro and in vivo conditions. Kidney mitochondria of untreated rats maintained in a medium containing respiratory substrates and phosphate released spontaneously accumulated calcium that was accompanied by large amplitude swelling and enhanced respiration. Cyclosporine in vitro inhibited the process of spontaneous calcium discharge at the concentration range of 0.1 to 0.5 nmol/mg protein. Swelling and respiration induced by accumulated calcium was significantly diminished in kidney mitochondria isolated from cyclosporine-treated rats given doses of 25 or 75 mg/kg. The data obtained indicate that cyclosporine interacts with the membrane of kidney mitochondria in virtually the same way under in vitro and in vivo conditions. Cyclosporine at an immunosuppressive level impairs calcium-induced membrane permeability and at a toxic level, the rate of ADP phosphorylation.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Expression of FMC7 antigen and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase isoenzyme in cases of B-lymphoproliferative diseases.

A panel of different B-cell malignancies representing various stages of B-cell differentiation were analyzed for the expression of an antigen labeled by the monoclonal antibody FMC7 and of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TracP) activity. The FMC7 antigen and TracP were not found on early immature pre B-cell proliferations, appeared at early and intermediate B-cell stages, reached their peak of expression in terms of both incidence of positivity and staining intensity at the late B cell stage (as represented by hairy cell leukemia) and were lost at the B-cell/plasma cell transition. Although detected at similar stages of B-cell differentiation, FMC7 and TracP appear to be independently expressed and were not related to a particular Ig class. The simultaneous detection of FMC7 and TracP represents a distinguishing parameter for the identification of hairy cell leukemia.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1987

The effect of streptozotocin-induced diabetes on the neuroendocrine-male reproductive tract axis of the adult rat.

Studies in the streptozotocin rat model for diabetes mellitus suggest that sexual dysfunction in these animals may result from diabetes-induced alterations of the neuroendocrine-reproductive tract axis. Our investigation was performed to better define the effects of diabetes on the neuroendocrine sex accessory organ axis in the male rat. Rats were rendered diabetic, and were either left untreated or treated with insulin, testosterone or both. Diabetes resulted in decreased body and reproductive organ weights, as well as diminished sperm counts and motility and prostatic acid phosphatase. Seminal fructose was increased. A significant decrease in serum LH, FSH and testosterone was noted. Insulin treatment of the diabetic rats restored serum gonadotropins, reproductive organ weight, sperm counts and motility, and seminal fructose to control levels. Prostatic weight and prostatic acid phosphatase levels remained abnormal. Testosterone restored the above mentioned parameters to control levels, with the exception of LH. Treatment with insulin and testosterone had a synergistic effect on spermatogenesis. A GnRH stimulation test demonstrated that pituitaries of diabetic animals had a blunted response, with diminished LH and FSH secretion. In the diabetic animal, there are both pituitary and testicular abnormalities which may be responsible for reproductive dysfunction.

Animals↗