Successful use of tacrolimus for initial rejection episodes after liver transplantation.
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Bilirubin↗
Biomedical subjects
M McNaughton
Publications and source records attributed to M McNaughton.
Genetic variation segregating in natural populations of Tribolium castaneum affecting traits observed in hybrids with T. freemani.
We investigated patterns of within-species genetic variation for traits observed in hybrids (hybrid numbers, hybrid sex ratios, and hybrid male deformities) between two species of flour beetles, Tribolium castaneum and T. freemani. We found genetic variation segregating among four natural populations of T. castaneum as well as within these populations. For some hybrid traits, we observed as much variation among populations 750 km apart as between populations on different continents, suggesting genetic differentiation at a local scale. Within natural populations, the variation segregating among sires is greater than that found in an earlier study for an outbred laboratory population and comparable to that observed between inbred lines derived from the outbred stock by eight generations of brother-sister mating. When sires from T. castaneum are mated to conspecific and heterospecific females, we do not observe a significant correlation at the level of the family mean between the intraspecific and interspecific phenotypes, suggesting the independence of the hybrid traits from comparable traits within species. We discuss our findings in relation to the evolutionary genetics of speciation and the expression of epistatic genetic variance in interspecific crosses.
Animals↗
Incipient speciation in the flour beetle, Tribolium confusum: premating isolation between natural populations.
We report the existence of partial reproductive isolation between two natural populations of the flour beetle, Tribolium confusum, collected in Kaduna, Nigeria and Zagreb, Croatia. When a female from either population is paired with a single sympatric or allopatric male, she produces near normal numbers of semifertile offspring. However, when females are multiply mated with allopatric and sympatric males, the sympatric males sire the large majority of offspring. When measured in offspring numbers, the mean relative fitness of allopatric males is 0.425 with Nigerian females and 0.085 with Croatian females. Thus, the reproductive isolation is reciprocal but asymmetric. Behavioural observations indicate that only a fraction of mating attempts by allopatric males are successful because females do not become quiescent as often when mounted by allopatric males. The premating isolation is also reciprocal but asymmetric: Nigerian females are more accepting of allopatric males as mates than are Croatian females. The prezygotic behavioural isolation between these two populations is different from the postmating, prezygotic isolation observed between two other species in the genus, T. castaneum and T. freemani. Furthermore, the T. confusum interpopulation hybrids are fertile although they exhibit a weak female bias.
Animals↗
Newborn conjunctivitis associated with triclosan 0.5% antiseptic intrinsically contaminated with Serratia marcescens.
In February 1994, three cases of conjunctivitis with Serratia marcescens occurred in infants in the newborn nursery. An epidemiological investigation was conducted including environmental sampling. S marcescens was isolated from the bottle of triclosan 0.5% antiseptic soap that was in use in the nursery and from an unopened bottle on the pharmacy shelf. The manufacturer confirmed that this contaminant was dislodged from the air purification system during a filter change while the packaging was being completed in an adjoining room. The product was withdrawn from use in the nursery and replaced by individual bar soap. No further cases of infection with S marcescens have been identified following the withdrawal of the triclosan 0.5% soap.
Conjunctivitis, Bacterial↗
Refinement of the rat crush-avulsion femoral artery injury model.
A model for studying arterial crush-avulsion injuries in the rat is described. The model uses a standardized crush of approximately 0.3 joules and a standardized avulsion. The crush is accomplished by gravity acceleration of a 400 g weight over a distance of 7.5 cm. The weight impacts an anvil over the artery distributing the force of the impact over a 10 mm length of the vessel. The avulsion is accomplished by a hemostat attached to a second, 120g weight. Vascular stasis for 90 sec after vessel repair in a 175-225 g rat will consistently result in an 80% anastomotic failure. The model allows evaluation of anticoagulant effects singly or in combination. Agents may be given either systemically by intravenous route or locally by intraarterial route.
Anastomosis, Surgical↗
Changing urine testing protocols through audit.
A multidisciplinary audit to monitor the introduction of a ward-based urine screening test using Multistix 10 SG was associated with a 40% reduction in the number of culture-negative samples being sent for laboratory testing. Ongoing education and support was provided for nursing staff throughout the process of change.
Aged↗