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Biomedical subjects

M McIntyre

Publications and source records attributed to M McIntyre.

104 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Bronchial needle aspiration in the diagnosis of bronchial carcinoma.

Sixty consecutive patients with central bronchial carcinomas were studied by fibreoptic bronchoscopy. In all forceps biopsy and bronchial needle aspiration were performed, and in 54 bronchial brushings were obtained. The combination of bronchial brushings and forceps biopsy diagnosed bronchial carcinoma of a defined cell type in 80% of patients. Bronchial needle aspiration was the most effective single technique giving a cytological diagnosis in 80% of patients, and when all three techniques were combined the positive rate increased to 92%. No major complications occurred using bronchial needle aspiration. Needle aspiration was particularly helpful when sampling from lesions in the upper lobes where forceps biopsies were technically difficult, from tumours lying submucosally, and from abnormalities caused by extrinsic compression. We conclude that bronchial needle aspiration should be used routinely, together with other sampling techniques, in the diagnosis of central bronchial carcinoma with the fibreoptic bronchoscope.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1980

Psychological complications of temporal lobe epilepsy.

A series of young adults with temporal lobe epilepsy included 36% with psychological complications. The incidence of overt psychosis was 11%. Psychopathology was more common in subjects with left temporal lobe spike foci (43%) and in males (42%), but these trends did not attain statistical significance. Psychological complications became manifest in adolescence in 85% of the affected cases, and were more likely (p less than 0.01) to occur when seizures began in the second 5 years of life. Although seizures nearly always antedated psychological problems, the onsets of epilepsy and psychological complications did not directly correlated (p = 0.43).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

In-flight measures of stress reduction due to wearing expandable foam earplugs.

Ten low-time pilots (less than 150 h) who did not normally use earplugs flew three flights each in Cessna-152 training planes. The flight routines were all the same, lasting about 45 minutes. Each pilot flew one flight while adapting to earplugs, another flight with earplugs, and a third flight without earplugs. Pilot's breathing rate was the measure of autonomic arousal. A baseline rate was measured before each flight and in-flight scores were expressed as changes from baseline. Half the pilots flew their flights in the order, with-with-without earplugs and half flew in the order without-with-with. Results showed a mean increase in breathing rate above preflight baseline of 30% without earplugs and an increase of only 21% with earplugs (data taken from second flight with earplugs) for a significant savings of 9% (p less than 0.025, Wilcoxsen matched-pairs signed-ranks test, one tailed).

Aerospace Medicine↗
PubMed1978

Detection of capsulated Haemophilus influenzae in chest infections by counter current immunoelectrophoresis.

The application of counter current immunoelectrophoresis to the detection of Haemophilus influenzae capsular antigen in sputum is described. The method, technically simple, provided results within 30 minutes. H. influenzae capsular antigen was detected in 12% of patients and in 54.8% of the H. influenzae strains isolated. The test was not impaired by prior antibiotic therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Left and right temporal lobe epileptics: a controlled investigation of some psychological differences.

Twenty-two young adults with clinically and electroencephalographically diagnosed temporal lobe epilepsy were selected from an outpatient neurology source; 11 with focal epileptic activity in the right temporal lobe and 11 with left temporal lobe involvement were included. All patients had normal intelligence and comparable educational and socioeconomic backgrounds. Matched nonepileptic controls were also tested. Subjects were given psychological tests assessing differences in cognitive style and affect communication. Greater reliance on the ear ipsilateral to discharge focus in a dichotic listening paradigm was discovered, confirming appropriate lateralization assignment. Left lateralized patients exhibited a more reflective cognitive style than controls; right lateralized patients were more impulsive. Previously confirmed associations between impulsivity and externalized aggressive responses suggest the hypothesis that externalization of aggressive responses may occur more often among right lateralized patients. Left lateralized patients exhibited a more reflective cognitive style than controls; right lateralized patients were more impulsive. Previously confirmed associations between impulsivity and externalized aggressive responses suggest the hypothesis that externalization of aggressive responses may occur more often among right lateralized patients. Left lateralized patients made more atypical assignments of affect labels to emotionally evocative descriptions. Right laterlized patients tended to assign affect labels as controls. A greater potential for disturbance in the verbal communication of affect among left laterlized patients is suggested.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Metabolic control analysis of xylose catabolism in Aspergillus.

A kinetic model for xylose catabolism in Aspergillus is proposed. From a thermodynamic analysis it was found that the intermediate xylitol will accumulate during xylose catabolism. Use of the kinetic model allowed metabolic control analysis (MCA) of the xylose catabolic pathway to be carried out, and flux control was shown to be dependent on the metabolite levels. Due to thermodynamic constraints, flux control may reside at the first step in the pathway, i.e., at the xylose reductase, even when the intracellular xylitol concentration is high. On the basis of the kinetic analysis, the general dogma specifying that flux control often resides at the step following an intermediate present at high concentrations was, therefore, shown not to hold. The intracellular xylitol concentration was measured in batch cultivations of two different strains of Aspergillus niger and two different strains of Aspergillus nidulans grown on media containing xylose, and a concentration up to 30 mM was found. Applying MCA showed that the first polyol dehydrogenase (XDH) in the catabolic pathway of xylose exerted the main flux control in the two strains of A. nidulans and A. niger NW324, but the flux control was exerted mainly at the first enzyme of the pathway (XR) of A. niger NW 296.

Aspergillus↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Development of a functional measure for persons with Alzheimer's disease: the disability assessment for dementia.

OBJECTIVES: This article describes the development of an assessment of functional disability for use with proxy-respondents of community-dwelling persons who have Alzheimer's disease as well as a study testing its reliability. METHOD: Panels composed of health care professionals and caregivers of persons with Alzheimer's disease were used to develop the Disability Assessment for Dementia (DAD). Fifty-nine caregivers participated in the refinement of the content and the testing of reliability. RESULTS: The DAD includes 40 items: 17 related to basic self-care and 23 to instrumental activities of daily living. It demonstrated a high degree of internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = .96) and excellent interrater (N = 31, ICC = .95) and test-retest (N = 45, ICC = .96) reliability. In addition, it was found not to have gender bias. CONCLUSION: This instrument may help clinicians and caregivers of the population with Alzheimer's disease make decisions regarding the choice of suitable interventions.

Activities of Daily Living↗