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Biomedical subjects

M McDonald

Publications and source records attributed to M McDonald.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia.

Twenty-eight (53%) of 53 hospital-acquired staphylococcal bacteraemias which occurred at The Royal Melbourne Hospital over a two-year period were due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Every patient with MRSA bacteraemia had a significant underlying condition predisposing to nosocomial sepsis, and each had an intravascular foreign body in situ at the time. Most were being nursed in special care areas of the hospital and had been exposed to multiple or broad-spectrum antibiotics during the month before development of bacteraemia. Patients acquiring MRSA infection should be isolated and, when the diagnosis of bacteraemia is considered, any potential primary focus should be removed. Vancomycin is the drug of choice in life-threatening MRSA infections.

Catheterization↗
PubMed1981

Complications of single-stage radical cystectomy and ileal conduit.

Single-stage radical cystectomy without pelvic lymphadenectomy and ileal conduit urinary diversion was performed on 241 consecutive patients over a three and one-half-year period. Operative mortality rate was 2.5%; early and late complications occurred in 32 and 34% of patients, respectively. In general, complications were less severe than in the past. Wound complications remain a major source of morbidity, but wound disruption and anastomotic leaks have been virtually eliminated.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

The role of the laboratory in the planned use of cefoperazone for the treatment of difficult Pseudomonas infections.

Four cases are discussed illustrating the role of the laboratory in the treatment of difficult pseudomonas infections. Pseudomonas vertebral osteomyelitis, in a 76-year-old man with impaired renal function, was successfully treated with cefoperazone given for 7 weeks. A 73-year-old woman, who had recurrent pseudomonas septicaemia due to infected cardiac pacing wires (that could not be removed), was managed with long term daily intramuscular cefoperazone, and a 31-year-old woman with pseudomonas aortitis was treated with long term intravenous cefoperazone. A 47-year-old man, who developed a pseudomonas infection superimposed on chronic osteomyelitis of the femur prior to a free vascularised graft operation, was treated with cefoperazone and ticarcillin.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Reactions to pain among subjects high and low in dental fear.

Differential pain tolerance might account for the diversity of reactions commonly seen in response to stressful medical and dental procedures. College students reporting themselves either highly fearful or nonfearful of dental work were compared in several aspects of their reactions to dental and nondental pain. The two groups did not differ in pain threshold or pain tolerance assessed during tooth pulp stimulation or during electrical stimulation of the forearm. High-dental fear subjects, however, retrospectively rated tooth shock (but not arm shock) more painful than low-fear subjects. High-fear subjects also showed significantly greater affective reactions assessed via the Anxiety Differential during both tolerance tests, with the group differences greater in magnitude during tooth shock than arm shock.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Instructional style preferences: physical therapy faculty members in the United States.

The purpose of this study was to describe the instructional styles of physical therapy faculty in basic professional programs in the United States in the academic year 1977-78. The Instructional Styles Inventory of Canfield and Canfield was used to test 311 respondents (61% of the total basic preparation faculty members contacted). The "typical" faculty member is described and compared to the "typical" student described in an earlier study. Commonalities and discrepancies between student learning styles and faculty instructional styles are discussed. A rather unexpectedly high level of agreement between students and faculty as to preferred modes of teaching and learning was demonstrated.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Reports of pain after dental treatment, electrical tooth pulp stimulation, and cutaneous shock.

A growing body of literature suggests that pain is a crucial factor in the development and maintenance of apprehension toward dental treatment. These findings are often at variance with dental practitioners' impressions that routine dental treatment is virtually painless. Data from this study suggest that routine dental treatment is seldom perceived by regular patients as painless but is seen as low in intensity of pain compared with mild laboratory stressors. These data are interpreted as supporting the hypothesis that dental treatment is relatively painless. However, this conclusion conflicts with data supporting the importance of pain in dental fear, and possible reasons for the discrepancy are presented.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Phenotypic intersex (female pseudohermaphroditism) in a dachshund dog.

A male miniature rough-haired dachshund, presented with episodic haematuria, was found to be a female pseudohermaphrodite. A littermate also had an abnormality of the urogenital tract and their dam had received a progesterone implant during pregnancy. Chromosome analysis of the intersex revealed XX/XY mosaicism in certain tissues.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Lactate dehydrogenase levels and isozyme patterns. Measurements in the aqueous humor and serum of retinoblastoma patients.

Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was determined in 24 cases of histologically proved retinoblastoma. The mean level was 1,825 IU/L, with a range of 10 to 15,920 IU/L. Twenty-two patients had elevated aqueous humor LDH levels. In two, the aqueous humor level was within the normal range. Student's t testing showed a highly significant difference between cataract and retinoblastoma aqueous humor. The retinoblastoma aqueous humor to blood ratio ranged from 0.045 to 58,529--not a good index of retinoblastoma. Isozyme patterns of retinoblastoma aqueous humor were statistically similar to those of normal cataract aqueous humor. The serum LDH level of cataract patients was not statistically different from that of retinoblastoma patients. The LDH 5/LDH 1 ratio of retinoblastoma aqueous humor ranged from 0.042 to 27.05--not a good index of retinoblastoma, as 28 of 34 aqueous samples of cataract patients had LDH 5 greater than LDH 1. Ten of 13 retinoblastoma patients had aqueous humor LDH 5 greater than LDH 1. The best index of the presence or absence of retinoblastoma is the total aqueous humor LDH level.

Aqueous Humor↗