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Biomedical subjects

M McCalley-Whitters

Publications and source records attributed to M McCalley-Whitters.

27 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Serotonin precursor effects in tardive dyskinesia.

In an attempt to determine the role of serotoninergic mechanisms in the pathophysiology of tardive dyskinesia, the serotonin precursor 5-hydroxytryptophan (5HTP) with carbidopa, a peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor, were given in a double-blind crossover design to seven patients with longstanding tardive dyskinesia. In the five patients who completed the study, there was no change in dyskinetic movements. Most of the patients had worsening of psychotic symptoms with 5HTP. The data suggest that serotonin precursors have no therapeutic effects in tardive dyskinesia. The implications for the role of serotonin in the pathophysiology of tardive dyskinesia are discussed.

5-Hydroxytryptophan↗
PubMed1982

Motor lateralization in manic males.

A handedness test, administered to 88 manic male patients and 86 male control subjects, showed no difference between the two groups. The result suggest that unlike schizophrenia, mania is not associated with increased left and/or mixed-handedness.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Diazepam-induced changes in tardive dyskinesia: suggestions for a new conceptual model.

Using an ABA' research design, the effects of a benzodiazepine gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic agent, diazepam, on various aspects of tardive dyskinesia (TD) were investigated in 21 patients. Videotaped recordings of the examinations were rated blind on the Abnormal Involuntary Movements Scale. In nonsedating amounts, diazepam had a significant anti-TD effect, especially in terms of limb dyskinesia. A significant portion of the therapeutic effect persisted after the medication was withdrawn. The results suggest that diazepam has a specific anti-TD action and that in some cases it may be able to produce a somewhat lasting correction of the deranged neurobiological mechanisms in TD. Since the main sites of action of benzodiazepines and the highest concentrations of benzodiazepine-linked GABA receptors are in the limbic and cortical structures that provide principal sources of inputs to the basal ganglia, it is suggested that the supra-striato-pallidal mechanisms of voluntary movement control should be considered in understanding the pathogenesis and treatment of TD.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Neurological differences between paranoid and nonparanoid schizophrenia: part I. sensory-motor lateralization.

Sensory-motor lateralization was studied prospectively in a consecutive sample of male chronic schizophrenic patients. The sample was divided into paranoid (N = 27) and nonparanoid (N = 53) subjects according to the Tsuang-Winokur criteria. Significantly more left handedness was found in the paranoid group, suggesting the left hemispheric dysfunction may be important in the etiology of paranoid schizophrenia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Neurological differences between paranoid and nonparanoid schizophrenia: part III. neurological soft signs.

A prospective study of 19 neurological soft signs in 44 male chronic schizophrenic patients and 29 matched control subjects revealed significantly more neurological abnormalities in the schizophrenic group. The schizophrenic patients were divided into paranoid and nonparanoid subtypes using the Tsuang-Winokur criteria. No significant differences emerged between the two subtypes.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Cortical atrophy in schizophrenia and mania: a comparative CT study.

Fifty-five schizophrenic, 24 manic and 27 control subjects, all males between 20-45 years of age, were examined for structural brain abnormalities with computerized tomography (CT) scans. Both manic and schizophrenic samples had significantly larger ventricles than the control group. Cerebral atrophy was more frequent in schizophrenia, while cerebellar atrophy was more frequent in mania. An association between increased ventricular size and cerebellar atrophy was found in mania but not in schizophrenia. Cerebral atrophy was not associated with ventricular enlargement in either disorder. Implications of these findings are discussed.

Adult↗