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Biomedical subjects

M McCabe

Publications and source records attributed to M McCabe.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Efficacy of tetrahydrocannabinol in patients refractory to standard antiemetic therapy.

Oral delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), 15 mg/m2, was compared to prochlorperazine (PCZ), 10 mg. for the control of cancer chemotherapy-related emesis. Thirty-six patients whose vomiting was refractory to standard antiemetic therapy were entered in this randomized comparative cross-over study. THC decreased nausea and vomiting in 23 of 36 (64%) patients compared to 1 of 36 receiving PCZ. THC efficacy was not dependent on the class of antineoplastic-agent inducing the emetic symptoms, age of patients or type of sensorial change experienced. Using the 15 mg/m2 dose, all patients experienced transient sensorial changes, characterized as a pleasant "high" in 19 or a variable state of dysphoria in 17 cases. This study confirms the usefulness of THC in patients whose chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting is refractory to other standard antiemetics. While excellent antiemetic control was achieved at the dosage 15 mg/m2, dysphoria was encountered at this dose level and we recommend that an initial dose of 5 mg/m2 which, if necessary, can be carefully increased to achieve maximum antiemetic benefit.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Electroejaculation of paraplegic males followed by pregnancies.

Semen obtained by electroejaculation was used to achieve pregnancies in the spouses of T5-6 and T4-5 paraplegics. Viable semen was recovered in both an antegrade and retrograde fashion. In both cases, the SPA test was positive. Semen recovered for AIH IUI was washed and swum up prior to insemination.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Cancer of lymphatic tissues in cane-growing areas of Queensland.

The mortality from leukaemias and lymphomas in a tropical urban region of Queensland (Townsville) and in the mainly tropical cane-farming regions of Queensland was investigated. It was found that, compared with the general population of Queensland, there were fewer deaths from neoplastic disease of the lymphatic tissues in women in both regions; that there were fewer deaths from neoplastic disease of the lymphatic tissues in men in Townsville, but not in the cane-growing areas; and that, during the period 1968-1981, there was a significantly lower number of deaths from leukaemia (13 deaths; SMR, 49; P less than 0.01) in women over 60 years of age in the cane-growing areas, which contrasted with a significantly greater number of deaths from leukaemia (61 deaths; SMR, 154; P less than 0.01) in men 60 years and over in the cane-growing areas.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Immunosuppression by human skin cancers.

Biopsy samples from normal skin (12 samples) and skin lesions diagnosed as either basal cell (17 cases) or squamous cell carcinoma (5 cases) were frozen, disrupted and extracted with aqueous buffer. The sterilised extract was added to an in vitro system of cultured bovine lymphocytes. The response of the lymphocytes to PHA was measured by tritiated thymidine uptake. Extracts of both basal cell and squamous cell cancers inhibited normal PHA stimulation of lymphocyte mitogenesis. Blastogenesis was reduced by more than 50% by all of the cancer extracts tested. In contrast, similar extracts from normal skin showed less than 40% inhibition.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Body shape perception and its disturbance in anorexia nervosa.

The perception of body shape was studied in 15 female patients with anorexia nervosa and 15 age matched controls. A lens was used which could be manipulated to cause a horizontal distortion of an image projected onto a video monitor. The patients showed a greater tendency to over- and under-estimate their present body shape than did the controls. Further, the patients' desired body shape was significantly thinner than that of controls, as was their estimation of what constitutes a normal body shape. These findings are discussed in relation to the literature and it is suggested that they may have important implications for treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Favorable balance of prostacyclin and thromboxane A2 improves early patency of human in situ vein grafts.

Graft thrombosis soon after reconstruction remains a major obstacle to the use of reversed vein grafts in infrapopliteal reconstruction. Our clinical experience with in situ vein grafts corroborates Leather's results by demonstrating an overall graft patency of 95% below the knee at 1 year and 94% in the infrapopliteal group. It has been postulated that this improved early patency rate of in situ vein grafts is the result of more optimal preservation of the endothelium of the vein graft. To investigate this hypothesis, human saphenous veins were handled by an in situ and a reversed technique. The intact vein segments were then tested for luminal production of prostacyclin and thromboxane A2 and fixed for scanning electron microscopic analysis of the surface morphology. This study demonstrated that endothelial cell prostacyclin release is enhanced in human in situ vein segments but not in reversed vein segments. In addition, luminal production of thromboxane A2 is significantly greater in the reversed than in the in situ vein segments. These findings are associated with marked endothelial structural damage in the reversed veins and minimal endothelial disruption in the in situ veins. Therefore the ratio of the antiaggregatory vasodilator prostacyclin to the proaggregatory vasoconstrictor thromboxane A2 is significantly more favorable for the in situ vein segment than for the reversed vein segment. The observed excellent early patency of the in situ vein grafts in our poor-risk patient population may in part be the result of this favorable balance of prostacyclin and thromboxane A2 and the more optimally preserved endothelial morphology.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Luminal release of prostacyclin and thromboxane A2 by arteries distal to small-caliber prosthetic grafts.

Myointimal hyperplasia distal to prosthetic grafts may be due to a local imbalance of prostacyclin and thromboxane A2 that exaggerates platelet adherence. This study evaluated prostacyclin and thromboxane A2 production by arteries distal to prosthetic grafts. In 12 dogs, control segments of both iliac arteries were excised and a 5 cm segment of polytetrafluoroethylene was grafted end to end. One iliac artery was circumferentially dissected from the distal anastomosis to the inguinal ligament. The contralateral artery was not dissected. Of the 24 grafts, 19 remained patent and the arteries distal to these grafts were studied. After excision, each artery was analyzed for its ability to produce prostacyclin and thromboxane A2. Our data indicate that the luminal surface of a normal artery spontaneously produces both prostacyclin and thromboxane A2 and that the arterial wall distal to a prosthetic graft produces increased levels of these arachidonic acid metabolites. However, only those arteries not surgically dissected maintain a normal balance of prostacyclin and thromboxane A2. The dissected artery may thus be more susceptible to platelet interaction and myointimal hyperplasia.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

The effects of arsenic compounds on human and bovine lymphocyte mitogenesis in vitro.

The response of human and bovine peripheral blood lymphocytes to PHA stimulation was measured in the presence of low concentrations of sodium arsenite and sodium arsenate. In bovine lymphocytes, 41% augmentation of the response occurred at 10(-6) M arsenite with a return to the normal response at 2.5 X 10(-6) M. Complete inhibition of mitogenesis occurred at 6 X 10(-6) M. In the presence of sodium arsenate, similar results were obtained but at the higher concentrations of 2 X 10(-5) (for 57% augmentation), 5.2 X 10(-5), and 1.9 X 10(-4) M, respectively. The possible significance of these findings in view of the known relationship between chronic arsenicalism and human skin cancer is discussed. It is suggested that arsenic compounds may, by potentiating mitogenesis, increase the possibility of errors in DNA replication, some of which could be potentially carcinogenic. Additionally, interference with the immune response could enable potentially cancerous cells to escape immune surveillance.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Neural control of acid-induced serotonin release from rabbit duodenum.

The neural mediation of acid-stimulated serotonin release was studied in isolated sheets of rabbit duodenal mucosa mounted in Ussing chambers. The serosal side of the mucosa was exposed to Ringer-HCO3 at pH 7.4, and the mucosal side was exposed to citrate-phosphate buffer at pH 3-6.8. Immunoreactive serotonin release occurred onto the luminal surface at pH 6 and below and onto the serosal surface at pH 5 and below, but was greater on the luminal side at each pH. The effect of cholinergic and adrenergic agonists and antagonists on mucosal serotonin release was measured at luminal pH 7.4, 5, and 4. Acid-stimulated luminal release was significantly inhibited by atropine, hexamethonium, and propranolol at pH 4 and 5 but not by phentolamine. Serotonin release was stimulated at pH 7.4 and 4 by carbachol and isoproterenol but not by norepinephrine or nicotine at pH 7.4. It is concluded that acid-induced and nonacid-induced mucosal serotonin release is partly neurally mediated by muscarinic cholinergic and beta-adrenergic mechanisms.

Animals↗