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Biomedical subjects

M Mayer

Publications and source records attributed to M Mayer.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Measles virus-induced mononuclear leukocyte adherence inhibition: effect of some drugs influencing arachidonic acid metabolic pathways.

Effect of some drugs influencing arachidonic acid metabolic pathways upon the measles virus-induced leukocyte adherence inhibition was investigated in multiple sclerosis patients and in the control group. The drugs used were natrium salicylate, ethanol, and phenidon(1-phenyl-3-pyrazolidon). Statistically significant differences were proved between multiple sclerosis patients and controls using phenidon, a drug inhibiting both cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways of the arachidonic acid metabolism. The results obtained provide suggestion on participation of arachidonic acid metabolism in the measles virus-induced leukocyte adherence inhibition phenomenon and in its alterations in multiple sclerosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Functional assay of plasminogen activator by hydrolysis of 14C-globin.

A functional method for estimation of plasminogen activator (PA) activity is described. The end-point method follows the PA-dependent conversion of the inactive plasminogen to the potent protease plasmin. The formation of plasmin is monitored by its activity on 14C-globin to form acid-soluble radioactive products. The globinolytic assay of PA shows sensitivity similar to that of the 125I-fibrinolytic assay, and is superior in sensitivity to both the chromogenic (Pyro-Glu-Gly-Arg-pNA, S-2444) and the fluorimetric (Glu-Gly-Arg-methylcoumarin amide) methods. The assay is applicable for estimation of tissue type and urokinaselike PA activity in biologic samples, including viable cells in suspension and conditioned medium.

Cell Line↗
PubMed1986

A comparison of fragile X expression in lymphocyte and lymphoblastoid cultures.

This study compares fragile X expression in peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures with expression in lymphoblastoid cell lines established from 23 individuals from families in which the fragile X is segregating. Most patients expressed the fragile X in lymphoblastoid cell lines treated with FUdR under optimal conditions at approximately the same frequency as in peripheral blood cultures from the same individual. No fragile X cells were seen in the lymphoblastoid cell lines from three phenotypically normal males who had transmitted the fragile X gene to offspring or in the lines from three phenotypically normal obligate-carrier females, all of whom were also negative in peripheral blood cultures. Two individuals, however, who expressed at high levels in peripheral blood lymphocytes expressed in lymphoblastoid cells only at low levels or not at all. We describe the considerations needed for the consistent demonstration of the fragile X in lymphoblastoid cell lines.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1986

[Dupuytren's contracture--late results of surgical treatment at a general surgery clinic].

In the years between 1982 and 1984 44 patients (39 men and 5 women) were operated on Dupuytren's contracture. More than 61% of the patients were treated in the stage II and III according to the classification of Iselin and Dieckmann. In these stages the total fasciectomy is the operation of choice. As operative approach we prefer skin incisions in the linea vitalis and linea mensalis. The recovery of the full function of the hand (especially the working capacity) was seen in 62.5% of the cases. Real relapses appeared in 8 cases. As most frequent postoperative complications appeared perception disorder, wound-healing impairment and edema/respectively haematoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Lyme disease. Apropos of a case in children].

A case of Lyme disease with purely neurological manifestations is reported in an 11 year-old girl. Positive blood and cerebrospinal fluid serology allowed for diagnosis. Treatment with Penicillin led to favourable outcome. Atypical manifestations and treatment of Lyme disease are reviewed.

Child↗
PubMed1986

[Is the gallbladder a shock organ?].

Detrimental effect of shock on gallbladder is a rare complication which may occur in the wake of trauma or surgery. Sex ratio, incidence, lethality, and possible pathophysiological processes are stated and discussed. The incidence of posttraumatic cholecystitis appeared to be higher among patients in the second to fourth decades of age, while postoperative cholecystitis was more often recorded from patients in the fifth to seventh decades of age. The aetiology is still unknown and may be of multifactorial nature. This cannot be conclusively elucidated from one individual case. Early detection of the complication and early operation may widely protect the patient from more severity.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Hormone-responsive alkaline proteinase in rat skeletal muscle is not a mast cell-derived enzyme.

Proteinase activity was determined in myofibrils from intact rat skeletal muscle and from skeletal muscle myocytes grown in culture. In vivo administration of the mast cell degranulator compound 48/80 abolished the alkaline proteinase activity in myofibrils obtained from normal or streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Exposure of myocytes to compound 48/80 in cell cultures had no effect on their myofibrillar proteinase activity, nor did it affect the rate of overall protein degradation in these cells. Co-incubation of cultured mast cells (line P815Y) with myocytes followed by sonication of the cell mixture resulted in a marked reduction of the proteinase activity in the pellet fraction, suggesting that the mast cells contain inhibitor(s) of myofibrillar proteinase activity. It is suggested that the myofibril-bound alkaline proteinase activity is not a mast cell-derived enzyme but a genuine component of muscle cells. The in vivo 48/80-induced reduction of muscle myofibrillar proteinase activity appears to be due to release of a soluble inhibitory activity rather than removal of mast cell proteinase from the tissue by degranulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Prognostic value of the topographic grid method in women with T2 N- breast cancer. Statistical results from a series of 203 patients.

In 1977, the authors described the grid method, a topographic technique for mapping the microscopic spread of breast cancer. The current report describes the relapse-free survival of a series of 203 patients with T2 N- mammary cancer (T2 N0 N1 ab N-) who were treated by mastectomy and regional lymph node dissection and have been followed since 1974. A good prognosis did not prevent relapse in 15% to 20% of patients within the first 5 years. To determine whether the grid method can identify patients at high risk within this group, disease-free survival and survival were compared in two subsets, a "limited" group (L) and a "diffuse" group (D). The difference between the two groups was statistically significant for both parameters (88%) versus 77% and 93% versus 85% after 5 years) (P less than 0.01 and P less than 0.02). Other prognostic measures were uniformative. Thus, the grid method has a good prognostic score when compared with the factors usually measured--menopausal status, estrogen receptors, histologic type--and could be used to select appropriate adjuvant therapy in breast cancer.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1985

Induction of differentiation in human myeloid leukemic cells by proteolytic enzymes.

Exogenous serine proteases were found to induce differentiation in human myeloid leukemic cells from either in vitro established long-term cell lines or in primary cultures of cells derived directly from patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Exposure of the human promyelocytic cell line HL-60 to trypsin, chymotrypsin, or elastase induced the appearance, within 3-6 days, of neutrophilic granulocytes defined by their morphology, their ability to reduce nitroblue tetrazolium, and their efficient phagocytosis of latex particles. Upon further incubation monocyte-like cells appeared. While these cells developed into fully mature macrophages other types of cells disappeared and on day 12 the culture consisted of a pure macrophage population. The inducing effect could be observed when the enzyme was presented alone, whereas a synergistic effect was noted when the protease was added in the presence of subthreshold concentrations of chemicals known to induce differentiation in this cell line such as dimethylsulfoxide, retinoic acid, butyric acid, or hexamethylene bisacetamide. Optimal induction of differentiation by trypsin required a 48 hr continuous exposure to the enzyme. When the protease was removed earlier no appreciable differentiation was noticed. The protease-induced differentiation involved a direct interaction with the cells and was not due to a proteolytic cleavage of a serum component because it could be obtained in serum-free cultures. The enzymatic activity of the protease was needed for its effect on cell maturation: Addition of protease inhibitors such as soybean-trypsin inhibitor or trasylol completely blocked differentiation induced by the proteases but had no effect on differentiation induced by the other inducers. It is still to be determined whether a proteolytic process is a general molecular event in cell differentiation or induction by chemicals involves a mechanism different from that initiated by exogenous proteases.

Cell Differentiation↗
PubMed1985

Plasminogen activator and protease inhibitor activities in isolated rat thymocytes.

Plasminogen Activator (PA) and its response to glucocorticoids and androgens was studied in viable rat thymocytes in suspension. PA was measured by its ability to convert plasminogen to plasmin, and the formed plasmin determined by cleavage of 14C-labeled globin. Using this functional assay, PA was found to be associated with the outer surface of thymic cells, and only negligible activity recovered from the incubation medium. Rat thymocytes also contain cytoplasmic and nuclear inhibitor(s) of the serine proteases plasmin, trypsin, chymotrypsin and thymic PA. Release of these inhibitors prevented determination of thymic PA activity in presence of lysed cells. The specific activity of PA in thymocytes isolated from adrenalectomized-castrated rats did not differ significantly from the specific activity associated with cells from intact animals. Furthermore, treatment of adrenalectomized-castrated rats with 0.1 mg of dexamethasone/kg for 2 days induced thymic involution without affecting thymic PA activity. These observations suggest that PA activity of thymocytes is not involved in glucocorticoid-mediated thymic involution.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

A cytogenetic study of a population of retarded females with special reference to the fragile (X) syndrome.

A cytogenetic survey of a population of 278 mentally retarded females on community placement is described. Thirty-five females had an aneuploid chromosome constitution and a single female was found to have the fra(X) syndrome. The frequency of the fra(X) syndrome among female retardates is discussed together with the apparent absence of de novo mutants among this class of fra(X) probands.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Multiple contributions to clinical presentation of flat affect in schizophrenia.

Flat affect has long been recognized as a central manifestation of schizophrenia, and has more recently been appreciated as a stable and prognostically important attribute of this disorder. Yet, because it is thought to be difficult to evaluate, flat affect has been deemphasized in criterion-based diagnostic systems. Results of this study suggest that the clinical evaluation of flat affect may be contaminated by a number of behaviorally similar processes. The components we identified included right hemisphere dysfunction, retardation and extrapyramidal effects, as well as the sequelae of hospitalization. Thus, in the clinical evaluation of flat affect, a multivariate approach in which these different components are considered separately might improve the reliability of evaluation and make this important sign more useful.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1985

The effect of early feeding on the onset of symptoms in celiac disease.

The appearance of celiac disease in infancy has often been related to the time when gluten is introduced into the diet, and more recently, to the kind of milk received in the early months. This retrospective study attempts to clarify the relation between breast-feeding and gluten introduction to the onset of symptoms of the disease. One hundred forty-six children with celiac disease, aged from 4 months to 11 years, were studied. The timing and types of feeds were recorded as well as the presenting symptoms of the disease. Data were analyzed by nonparametric statistical methods, as well as by parametric analysis after appropriate transformation. Children breast-fed for 3 months or more showed a marked delay in the onset of the disease and a longer latency time from gluten introduction to onset of disease, when compared with bottle-fed children. This relationship was present for both statistical analyses and was unrelated to the age at gluten introduction into the diet. Onset of disease was positively correlated to the duration of breast-feeding and not related to the age at gluten introduction.

Breast Feeding↗