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Biomedical subjects

M May

Publications and source records attributed to M May.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Preliminary demonstration of human tuberculoimmunity in vitro.

In this paper a method for studying human tuberculoimmunity in vitro is described. Results from its use support an explanation for human tuberculoimmunity that is like that for mouse tuberculoimmunity: that immune lymphocytes are stimulated by being cultured with immunizing antigen to make a lymphokine which enables syngeneic macrophages to kill intracellular tubercle bacilli. This method uses antigen-responding lymphocytes and effector monocytes taken in the same original 20-ml sample of venous blood. These cells are cultured separately, the lymphocytes for 72 h with antigen to make immune lymphokine and the monocytes for 7 days to become macrophages. The macrophages are then infected with attenuated or virulent tubercle bacilli and cultured for 7 days more in medium with or without the immune lymphokine. Without it they are unable to control intracellular replication of the bacilli, whereas with it they do. This lymphokine was produced only by lymphocytes of immune subjects, of whom there were three kinds: tuberculin positive naturally immunized, Mycobacterium bovis BCG immunized, and trypsin-extracted bacillary antigen immunized. This method for detecting human tuberculoimmunity in vitro should be useful for comparing experimental vaccines and for studying cellular and molecular mechanisms of human tuberculoimmunity under better controlled conditions than hitherto have been possible.

BCG Vaccine↗
PubMed1981

Bell's palsy: surgery based upon prognostic indicators and results.

We studied 164 patients with Bell's palsy prospectively over the six-year period between August 1974 and June 1980. We found that the results of measuring tear production, submandibular salivary flow, the response to maximal stimulation, and evoked electromyography gave us sufficient information to group these patients according to prognosis--either unfavorable or favorable--for spontaneous return of facial function. When the test results were 26% or more of normal, 90% of the patients had complete recovery of function; these patients were given a favorable prognosis on the basis of the results of tests described above. The natural history of Bell's palsy in patients with an unfavorable prognosis could be improved if a transmastoid facial nerve decompression to the labyrinthine segment were performed. The results were better with this approach than with supportive or steroid therapy or transmastoid vertical-horizontal surgical decompression of the facial nerve.

Electric Stimulation↗
PubMed1981

Relation of particle dimension to carcinogenicity in amphibole asbestoses and other fibrous minerals.

In 72 experiments, durable minerals in the form of particles on respirable size and of wide chemical and structural varieties, were implanted in the pleurae of outbred female Osborne- Mendel rats for periods of more than 1 year. The incidence of induced malignant mesenchymal neoplasms correlated well with the dimensional distribution of the particles. The probability of pleural sarcoma correlated best with a number of fibers that measured 0.25 micro or less in diameter and more than 8 micrometer in length, but relatively high correlations were also noted with fibers in other size categories having diameters up to 1.5 micrometer and lengths greater than 4 micrometer. Morphologic observations indicated that short fibers and large-diameter fibers were inactivated by phagocytosis and that negligible phagocytosis of long, thin fibers occurred. The wide variety of compounds used in these experiments suggested that the carcinogenicity of fibers depended on dimension and durability rather than on physicochemical properties.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Rehabilitation of the crippled larynx: application of the Tucker technique for muscle-nerve reinnervation.

Interruption of laryngeal innervation may partially or totally impair respiration, deglutition and phonation--the three basic laryngeal functions. Tucker has developed a principle of muscle-nerve pedicle transfer for laryngeal reinnervation to relieve airway obstruction following bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve injury. We have applied the principle of reinnervation proposed by Tucker to treat patients not only with airway obstruction, but also with aspiration and impaired phonation due to interruption of laryngeal innervation. There were 23 patients in this study. The functional defects included: voice alteration in 10 patients, airway obstruction in 8 and aspiration, as well as a voice change, in 5. The causes of injury were surgery in 9 patients, trauma in 5, tumor in 3, polio in 1 and a birth defect in 1 patient. No cause of nerve injury could be determined in 4 patients. The technique employed involved selective reinnervation of the laryngeal nerve branches to one or more laryngeal muscle groups; the muscle groups reinnervated were selected so as to overcome the functional defect of each particular patient. The patients have been followed for 6 mo. or longer. The results have been independently evaluated by a speech pathologist and documented by indirect and direct endoscopic observations, as well as by audio and audio-video recordings. In some cases, there was further documentation by cine-fluoro-audio tape recordings, laryngo-pharyngography, laryngeal tomography and pulmonary function studies. The muscle-pedicle transfer technique described by Tucker was found to be useful to correct laryngeal dysfunction in carefully selected cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Ultrastructural observations on preneoplastic epidermoid metaplasia in the lungs of rats.

Epidermoid metaplasia, of a type that consistently progresses to epidermoid carcinoma, was induced in rats at the interface of pulmonary tissue and intrapulmonary deposits of beeswax that contained either benzo(alpha)pyrene or the heptane-soluble fraction of cigarette smoke condensate. The preneoplastic epithelium was searched for morphological harbingers of neoplasia and compared with the type of reactive bronchial metaplasia, rarely associated with cancer, that results from chronic murine pneumonitis. The carcinogen-laden beeswax caused both proliferation and migration of epithelial cells from bronchi adjacent to the wax deposits. These initial proliferating cells were characterized by a lack of differentiation and were similar to the basal cells of bronchial epithelium. The migrating epithelium rapidly established itself at the interface of wax and viable lung tissue as a highly differentiated, stratified squamous epithelium. This epithelium was not qualitatively different from normal squamous epithelium. However, quantitative differences were evident from both normal epithelium and the metaplastic epithelium resulting from nonspecific injury. In the preneoplastic epithelium, the first indications of aggressive behavior occurred in foci of dysplastic basal cells that sent cytoplasmic intrusions through defects in the basement membrane. Characteristically, these dyplastic basal cells had numerous infoldings of the nuclear membrane and prominent nucleolar alterations. All strata of preneoplastic cells contained excessively complex interdigitations of the plasma membrane and unusually large numbers of desmosomes and tonofilaments. In contrast, the nonspecific metaplastic epithelium consisted almost entirely of multilayered uniform cells that closely resembled immature but otherwise normal basal cells of respiratory epithelium.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Total facial nerve exploration: transmastoid, extralabyrinthine, and subtemporal indications and results.

Increasingly, surgeons are using a middle fossa approach though craniotomy to reach the labyrinthine segment of the facial nerve and geniculate ganglion in patients with intact hearing. This paper describes a transmastoid operation that provide exposure of the labyrinthine segment of the facial nerve without performance of a craniotomy. In this procedure the geniculate ganglion and labyrinthine segments of the facial nerve were exposed, while cochleovestibular function was spared; recovery of the facial nerve in patients with Bell's palsy or herpes zoster oticus (even the patients with a dry eye) was favourably influenced.

Facial Nerve↗