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Biomedical subjects

M May

Publications and source records attributed to M May.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Humoral factors in primate endotoxin shock.

Many biologically active substances are released from the cell in endotoxic shock and thought to contribute to morbidity and mortality. Whether or not these substances are independently toxic or require endotoxin as a catalyst is uncertain; 20 mg/kg E. coli endotoxin was infused into seven rhesus (R) macaca monkeys (toxin donor). Seven R macaques received an equivalent volume of normal saline (control donor). Animals were monitored for 12 h and lactated Ringer's was infused to maintain a minimum MABP of 40 mmHg. Donor animals were exsanguinated; plasma was extracted and a Limulus lysate assay (LAL) was utilized to determine the approximate amount of endotoxin present in toxin donor plasma. This volume of endotoxin (0.125 mg/kg) was added to control donor plasma. Plasma was infused into seven toxin receivers and six control receivers. Receiver animals were monitored for 24 h and killed after 3 d. Lungs were evaluated histologically for evidence of acute injury. Five of the seven toxin receivers and no control receivers died within 3 d (P less than .005). Significantly more hemorrhage occurred in toxin receivers (P less than .01). Our data suggest a humoral factor present in the plasma of toxin donor capable of promoting tissue injury and death of recipient animals independent of endotoxin.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Muscle-nerve pedicle laryngeal reinnervation.

A muscle-nerve pedicle implantation to the lateral cricoarytenoid muscle as described by Tucker is an alternative to Teflon injection for treating dysphonia due to vocal cord palsy. Improvement in voice was noted in 19 of the 20 (95%) selected patients who were treated by muscle-nerve pedicle reinnervation. These patients have been followed for 6 months to 10 years. Changes in the voice were documented through assessment of high-quality audio tape recordings by three speech pathologists, results of a patient questionnaire, and evaluation by the surgeon. The improvement in voice quality was attributed to reestablishment and maintenance of vocal cord tone and mass, without the vocal cord stiffness usually associated with Teflon injection. The improvements in quality of voice with pedicle implantation are natural and lasting. This technique is proposed as an alternative to Teflon injection in selected cases.

Humans↗
PubMed1986

Management of facial palsy caused by birth trauma.

We present a newborn with a unilateral complete facial palsy caused by birth trauma, and discuss the differential diagnosis, pathophysiology, and management of this common, usually benign, condition. This child made a rapid, complete, spontaneous recovery despite a severe initial injury. Surgical exploration of the facial nerve should be considered only for infants with complete paralysis, clinically and electrophysiologically, who demonstrate no improvement by 5 weeks of age.

Craniocerebral Trauma↗
PubMed1986

Double internal auditory canal associated with progressive facial weakness.

A case of progressive facial weakness associated with an anomaly of the internal auditory canal and labyrinthine segment of the facial nerve is documented with clinical, radiological, and surgical findings. Each portion of a double internal auditory canal (aberrant facial nerve canal) was found to contain a portion of the facial nerve, and each portion of the facial nerve was explored because a tumor was suspected to be the cause of the progressive weakness. However, no mass was found. The embryologic factors that may lead to such an abnormality and the pathophysiologic mechanisms that may have resulted in the facial weakness are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Structure of the 3' portion of the bovine elastin gene.

A bovine genomic library constructed by partial Sau3A digestion and contained in lambda Charon 30 was screened by in situ hybridization with a 1.3-kilobase (kb) sheep elastin cDNA clone [Yoon, K., May, M., Goldstein, N., Indik, Z., Oliver, L., Boyd, C., & Rosenbloom, J. (1984) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 118, 261-269]. Three clones encompassing 10 kb of the bovine elastin gene were identified and characterized by restriction mapping and DNA sequencing of the 6.2 kb of the most 3' region of the gene. These analyses have permitted localization of eight exons in the 6.2 kb in which the translated exons vary in size from 27 to 69 base pairs, and there is an approximately 1-kb untranslated region at the 3' end. In addition to identification of sequences homologous to those found in porcine tropoelastin, the analyses defined a 58 amino acid sequence that forms the carboxy-terminal region of tropoelastin, and this sequence, which contains two cysteine residues, was previously not observed in the protein sequence data. The analyses also suggest that functionally distinct cross-link and hydrophobic domains of the protein are encoded in separate exons.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1985

Analysis of the 3' region of the sheep elastin gene.

The nucleotide sequences of a 1279-bp sheep elastin cDNA clone, pcSEL1 [Yoon et al. (1984) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 118, 261-269], and a 1230-bp sheep elastin genomic subclone, pSS1 [Davidson et al. (1984) Biochem. J. 220, 643-652], corresponding to a portion of the cDNA clone, were determined. These analyses permitted determination of the 100 amino acids at the carboxy terminus of sheep tropoelastin. A portion of this sequence showed strong homology to known sequences of pig tropoelastin, but most of the sequence had not been previously determined through protein sequencing. Novel aspects of the tropoelastin molecule which have been revealed by the present analyses are (i) the presence of an unusual sequence, KPPKP, which may contribute to crosslink formation; and (ii) the finding of cysteine within a sequence, CLGKSCGRKRK, at the putative carboxy terminus of tropoelastin. Because of the presence of these sequences, it is speculated that the carboxy-terminal region may be of importance in crosslinking tropoelastin molecules to themselves or to other matrix macromolecules. The nucleotide analyses revealed that sheep elastin mRNA contains a 974-bp untranslated sequence at the 3' end, which appears to be strongly conserved among species.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Idiopathic (Bell's) facial palsy: natural history defies steroid or surgical treatment.

Idiopathic (Bell's) facial palsy is a self-limiting, non-life threatening, and spontaneously remitting disorder. The natural history of Bell's palsy is favorable: 84% of 1011 patients with Bell's palsy studied by one investigator recovered satisfactorily without treatment, and no valid clinical trials conducted to date have provided definitive evidence that treatment with steroids or surgery improves upon this figure. The authors studied 273 patients with Bell's palsy to evaluate the prognostic significance of evoked electromyography in predicting the possible benefit of transmastoid facial nerve surgical decompression. The results indicated that even when evoked electromyography was used to select those patients who might benefit most from transmastoid surgery, outcome in patients treated surgically was no better than can be expected to occur without treatment. Based upon these observations, transmastoid facial nerve surgery is not recommended to treat Bell's palsy because no benefits have been identified which outweigh the risks of surgery.

Electric Stimulation↗
PubMed1985

Chromosomal localization of the human elastin gene.

mRNA isolated from fetal human aorta was used to synthesize cDNA that was cloned into the PstI site of pBR322. The recombinant clones were screened with an authentic sheep elastin cDNA, and one human clone that hybridized strongly was isolated and characterized. The 421-base pair (bp) insert of this human clone was sequenced by the dideoxy method, and the DNA sequence showed strong homology to the nontranslated portion of the sheep elastin cDNA. This result unequivocally identified the human clone, designated pcHEL1, as an elastin clone. Plasmid pcHEL1 labeled with [3H] nucleotides was used in in situ hybridization experiments utilizing normal metaphase chromosomes and also with cells carrying a balanced translocation between chromosomes 1 and 2: 46,XY,t(1;2)(p36;q31). The results strongly suggest that the elastin gene is localized to the q31----qter region of chromosome 2.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Facial reanimation after skull base trauma.

Three basic types of procedures are used by the author to reanimate the face paralyzed by interruption of the facial nerve at the skull base. In order of choice they are direct nerve repair or grafting; hypoglossal-facial nerve anastomosis; and regional facial reanimation (brow lift, implantation of a gold weight or spring in the eyelid, tightening of the lower eyelid, and temporalis muscle transposition to reanimate the mouth). The indications for and expected results of each approach are presented with special emphasis on the usefulness of regional reanimation.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Molecular cloning and carboxyl-propeptide analysis of human type III procollagen.

Two human cDNA libraries prepared from normal fibroblast (GM3348) and rhabdomyosarcoma (CCL136) mRNAs were screened under cross hybridization conditions with a genomic fragment coding for exons 2 and 3 of the avian type III procollagen COOH-propeptide (Yamada, Y., Mudryj, M., Sullivan, M. and deCrombrugghe, B. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 2758-2761). One cDNA clone containing a 1.12 kb insert was isolated from the CCL136 library and later used to identify a GM3348 derived clone with a 2.4 kb insert. Comparison of the human and avian type III C-terminal propeptides revealed much more divergence in the first 54 amino acids following the terminal cysteine of the triple helical region than is present in the alpha 1(I) and alpha 2(I) procollagen chains of these species. Analysis of poly (A+) RNA from normal human fibroblast and tumor cell lines showed that they differed greatly in the relative amounts of alpha 1(I), alpha 2(I), and alpha 1(III) mRNAs. Furthermore, as we previously reported for the alpha 1(I) and alpha 2(I) transcripts, multiple mRNAs also hybridize to the cloned alpha 1(III) DNA.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1984

[Relation between HLA and schizophrenia in German couples].

The authors, in studying some patients for schizophrenia, typed for HLA system themselves and their sibs. In 11/13 cases the sibs who differ for illness differ also for HLA; that fits with the hypothesis that HLA and schizophrenia genes lie on the same chromosome. But the case is more complex because one of 13 couples, two identical twins, differ for illness but not for HLA antigens.

Female↗
PubMed1984

Characterization of a sheep elastin cDNA clone containing translated sequences.

mRNA, isolated from the ligamentum nuchae of fetal sheep by guanidine HCl extraction and oligo(dT) cellulose chromatography, was used to synthesize blunt-ended cDNA molecules by the successive application of AMV reverse transcriptase, DNA polymerase and S1 nuclease. The cDNA was centrifuged on a 15-30% sucrose gradient and molecules greater than 700 bp were tailed with dCTP and cloned into the PstI site of pBR322 which had been tailed with dGTP. Ampicillin-sensitive and tetracycline-resistant colonies were screened by in situ hybridization with elastin-enriched mRNA that had been terminally labeled with 32p. Recombinant plasmids prepared from strongly hybridizing colonies were characterized by restriction mapping and the plasmid with the largest insert (1300 bp) thought to contain elastin sequences was characterized in more detail. The nick-translated cDNA hybridized to a single 3.5 kb mRNA species upon blot hybridization, a size identical to that previously identified for chick elastin mRNA (Burnett et al. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 1569-1572). Nucleotide sequencing of the 5' end of the cDNA demonstrated a sequence which was extremely GC rich and which corresponded to an amino acid sequence partially homologous to that previously identified in porcine tropoelastin (Foster et al. (1973) J. Biol. Chem. 248, 2876-2879). This is the first report of the identification of a plasmid containing sequences complementary to a translated region of elastin mRNA.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1984

Muscle transposition for facial reanimation. Indications and results.

The technique of transposing the temporalis and masseter muscles to reanimate the face following long-standing facial paralysis was introduced at the turn of the century. More recently it has been popularized by Rubin and Conley. The indications for performing this technique are outlined, and the results are analyzed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Unusually large nasopalatine cyst: CT findings.

In a patient presenting with nasal obstruction the clinical suspicion of a nasal mass led to computed tomography that demonstrated findings thought to be characteristic of an unusually large nasopalatine cyst. The definitive diagnosis of nasopalatine cyst is more easily made on plain films. The entity is described, emphasizing once again the necessity of including dental and facial abnormalities in the differential diagnosis of lesions of the sinuses and nose.

Adult↗