Biomedical subjects

M Mattila

Publications and source records attributed to M Mattila.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed1986

Combined effects of buspirone and diazepam on objective and subjective tests of performance in healthy volunteers.

The combined effects on performance of two anxiolytics with different mechanisms of action were evaluated double-blind and crossover in 12 healthy students. Objective (tracking, divided attention, Maddox wing, etc.) and subjective (visual analogue scales and questionnaires) tests were done before and twice after single oral doses. Diazepam (0.15 and 0.30 mg/kg) impaired performance dose relatedly and rendered the subjects drowsy, calm, mentally slow, and clumsy. Buspirone (15 mg) proved inactive in objective tests but matched diazepam (0.30 mg/kg) subjectively. In combinations, buspirone added to the effects of diazepam in Maddox wing and letter cancellation but tended to counteract diazepam effects on divided attention and learning acquisition. Subjectively buspirone prolonged diazepam-induced sedation. Increased calmness caused by diazepam was not affected by concomitant buspirone. It is suggested that combining small doses of buspirone to diazepam does not cause any additional decrement in psychomotor performance. Possible advantages of the diazepam-buspirone combination in therapeutic use are discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed1986

The multifidus muscle in patients with lumbar disc herniation. A histochemical and morphometric analysis of intraoperative biopsies.

Structural changes in the multifidus muscle were analyzed in 41 patients operated on for herniated intervertebral disc. Twelve cadavers served as controls. The two main findings follow: Both in the patients and in the controls the Type 2 muscle fibers were markedly and selectively smaller than the Type 1 fibers, which were of normal size for striated muscles, and the internal structure of Type 1 fibers showed so-called core-targetoid and/or moth-eaten change. Group atrophy or fiber-type grouping (indicators of denervation and reinnervation) were observed only in a few patients. The selective small size of the Type 2 fibers may indicate atrophy due to relative inactivity of the multifidus muscle both in the patients and in the controls, ie, it does not need to be related to the herniated disc. Definite proof for denervation of the multifidus muscle was not observed, but neither the possibility be excluded. The cause of the core-targetoid and/or moth-eaten changes cannot yet be determined with certainty, because these changes are not specific for any single entity but may be due, for example, to denervation, ischemia, or altered use of the muscles because of pain. In any case, because the changes were significantly more common in the patients than in the controls, they signal for a pathologic condition, the character of which remains to be elucidated.

Adult↗

PubMed1985

Dihydroergotamine in the prevention of hypotension associated with extradural anaesthesia.

The efficacy of a single dose of dihydroergotamine (DHE) 0.5 mg i.v. in preventing the decrease in arterial pressure resulting from extradural anaesthesia was studied in 47 patients; 24 received DHE and 23 a placebo, in a randomized double-blind manner. Although the decrease in systolic arterial pressure was more pronounced in the placebo group than in the DHE group, the difference was not significant. Diastolic and mean arterial pressures were both significantly lower in the placebo group than in the DHE group during the initial phase of extradural anaesthesia. Administration of DHE did not cause any significant changes in heart rate. In both groups the heart rate decreased significantly during the 5-h period following the induction of extradural anaesthesia. The patients in the placebo group needed additional medication to increase unacceptably low arterial pressures or heart rate more frequently than the patients in the DHE group.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1985

Acute pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic comparison of two different formulations of temazepam.

Twelve healthy subjects ingested temazepam 20 mg in two different formulations (soft gelatine capsule or uncoated tablet) and matched placebo at one-week intervals in double-blind and cross-over conditions. Venous blood was sampled before the drug intake and 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 8, 12, and 24 hours after it, and plasma temazepam concentrations were assayed by gas chromatography. Psychomotor performance was measured objectively (digit symbol substitution, letter cancellation, Maddox wing) and subjectively (visual analogue scales) before the drug intake and 1, 2, and 3 hours after it. Peak concentrations of plasma temazepam were reached at about one hour, and they were higher after the capsule than after the tablet (mean values 750 vs. 587 ng/ml), while the computed AUCs and elimination half-lives (6-22 hours) proved to be similar after either formulation. Impaired performance was measured in objective tests over the first three hours, the capsule being somewhat more effective than the tablet. Self-assessments indicating subjective sedation returned to the placebo level within 3 hours after the capsule but not after the tablet. This rapid subjective recovery after the capsule might result from an acute tolerance developed after the high peak, and it tallies with the lack of residual sedation previously reported in trials with temazepam 20 mg given in soft gelatine capsules.

Adult↗

PubMed1985

[Blood alcohol screening with the Alcolmeter AE-D1 in autopsies].

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Accidents, Traffic↗

PubMed1984

Hydroxyethyl starches, dextran and balanced salt solution in correction of hypotension during epidural anaesthesia.

A low molecular weight (Mw 38 000) and a medium molecular weight (Mw 125 000) hydroxyethyl starch and a medium molecular weight dextran (Mw 70 000) solution were compared with a balanced salt solution in 123 patients undergoing operations of the lower extremities in epidural anaesthesia; 500 ml of the studied solutions were infused during 15 min after the injection of the epidural anaesthetic. The need for etilefrine hydrochloride as a vasoconstrictor in correcting hypotensive reactions was recorded. Changes in haemoglobin (Hb), haematocrit (Hct), serum total protein and serum albumin concentrations were measured. The number of patients given etilefrine hydrochloride in the plasma-substitute groups was smaller than in the control group. The differences were, however, not statistically significant. The fall in blood pressure cannot be totally inhibited by administration of 500 ml plasma substitute. According to the differences in Hb, Hct, serum protein and albumin values, the hydroxyethyl starch solutions were significantly more effective plasma substitutes than the balanced salt solution and as effective as dextran. No side-effects attributable to the solutions used were observed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1979

Dosage of salicylates for children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. A prospective clinical trial with three different preparations of acetylsalicylic acid.

41 children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) and 6 with postinfectious arthropathies, aged 3--15 years, were treated with acetylsalicylic acid for 14 days during which time the patients were hospitalized. Three different acetylsalicylic acid preparations were used: a microencapsulated form, an enteric-coated form and standard acetylsalicylic acid tablets. Serum salicylate concentrations were measured by Trinder's photometric method. With doses of 90--120 mg/kg/day symptoms of salicylism appeared in about 50% of the cases. Daily doses of 2 g/m2 (not exceeding 70 mg/kg) proved relatively safe in this study, whereas symptoms and signs of intoxication appeared at doses exceeding 3 g/m2/day. In this respect there were no significant differences between the three acetylsalicylic acid preparations used. The results of this study also suggest that the serum salicylate concentrations should not exceed 2000 mumol/l (about 27 mg/100 ml). The symptoms of salicylism correlated closely with serum salicylate levels, which, in turn, correlated well with the dosage in g/m2. Elevation of serum aspartate aminotransferase was noted in 1/3 of the cases. All of these had a dose exceeding 2 g/m2, and the frequency of elevated enzyme activities increased with increasing dosage. In the group receiving enteric coated form of acetylsalicylic acid, there were fewer positive benzidine tests (12%) than in the two other groups (22--28%).

Adolescent↗

PubMed1975