Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to M Matsuo.
Chromatin fragments of the RNA polymerase II-transcriptional complex were purified from the micrococcal nuclease digest of rat liver nuclei in the presence of n-butyrate, a potent histone deacetylase inhibitor. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis in Triton acid-urea revealed that the extent of histone acetylation of the complex did not differ markedly from that of the total chromatin.
By gas chromatographic mass spectrometric analysis, 3-hydroxy-3-ethylglutaric acid was identified in the urine of patients with propionyl CoA carboxylase deficiency. Simultaneously, large amounts of 3-hydroxyvaleric acid and 3-oxovaleric acid, as well as a number of metabolites previously well known in this disorder, were also found in the urine of the patients. It is suggested that formation of 3-oxovaleric acid and 3-hydroxyvaleric acid proceeds via 3-hydroxy-3-ethylglutaryl CoA as an intermediate by a mechanism similar to that of ketone body formation.
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) in culture medium increased the saturation density of human diploid fibroblasts. In the first half of their in vitro lifespan the magnitude of the EGF-induced augmentation increased and in the second half, decreased. Their lifespan was not extended by continuous exposure to EGF.
Serially cultivated WI-38 cells were exposed to 50 atm of oxygen for one hour at each passage after they reached 31 population doublings (PDs). They phased out at 51 PDs while the untreated and nitrogen-exposed cells at 56 PDs. The early-passage cells were found to be resistant to 50 atm of oxygen. The in vitro lifespan of WI-38 cells remained unchanged on less than eight exposures given before 46 PDs, and shortened in proportion to the number of extra exposures given after 46 PDs in addition to the seven exposures. For TIG-1 cells treated doubly with oxygen at late passages, modal cell volume began to increase at 54 PDs, and for the nitrogen-treated cells at 59 PDs. The in vitro aging of late-passage human cells exposed to hyperbaric oxygen seems to be accelerated.
Psychiatric problems have been discussed concerning epileptic children and they are still controversial as to whether it is characteristic to epilepsy or not. We analyzed the behavioral problems both in the normally developed children with epilepsy and the normal control group with the same behavioral score and then investigated the differences between epileptic children with normal development and those with retardation. The study disclosed that the epileptic children had problems in almost all fields such as emotional disturbances, daily life activity and human relationship and these were associated with the development and control of seizures. The retarded children had the disorders more frequently than the normally developed epileptic children.
Effects of N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine (FMLP), the synthetic chemotactic peptide, and its analogues on blood pressure were investigated in the rabbit, rat, mouse, dog, cat and guinea pig. The administration of FMLP (5 micrograms/kg i.v.) induced the depressor effect in the rabbit but no effect was observed in the other animal species. The only peptide which showed a similar effect as FMLP was N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-methionyl-L-phenylalanine (FMMP) among the peptides relating to FMLP. Tachyphylaxis was observed in the hypotensive action induced by the two peptides.
Reactions of tocopherol model compounds with superoxide ion (02-) were investigated. 6-Hydroxy-2,2,5,7,8-pentamethylchroman (alpha-model), 6-hydroxy-2,2,5,7-tetramethylchroman and 6-hydroxy-2,2,5,8-tetramethylchroman (beta-model) were oxidized by O2- to yield chromanoxyl radicals which gave ESR spectra, but the radical species were not obtained from 6-hydroxy-2,2,7,8-tetramethylchroman (gamma-model) and 6-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylchroman, both of which do not have a methyl substituent at the C-5 position. ESR studies of the reactions of O2- with tocopherols or their model compounds indicate that the radical concentrations from tocopherol models correlate with the physiological activities of the tocopherols.
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The indirect assessment of prostacyclin synthetase by analysis of prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) formation in lung tissues of fetal, newborn and adult Swiss mice was determined by in vitro platelet inhibition. PGI2 was synthesized in fetal, newborn and adult mice lung tissues. A progressive increase in PGI2 synthesis with increasing fetal age was shown. The 11 to 13 days fetal age samples gave PGI2 values of 12.0 and 20 ng per 50 mg lung tissue, respectively. These represented 20% and 33% of the adult mean value of 60 ng. Adult levels of PGI2 were attained in utero at fetal age of 16 days. It is suggested that because of its early appearance in fetal life in the lung tissue, prostacyclin synthetase is an important enzyme in prostaglandin metabolism in the ontogeny of the fetus.
SIDS lung tissues elaborated significantly (p less than 0.01) lower PGI2 as compared with non-SIDS and adults. Significant differences (p less than 0.01) between SIDS and non-SIDS were especially shown at 2-4 months of age, 16.46 +/- 6.86 vs. 28.39 +/- 8.86 ng PGI2/50 mg of lung tissue, respectively, for SIDS and non-SIDS. A highly significant difference (p less than 0.001) was shown for SIDS (16.46 +/- 6.86 ng PGI2/50 mg lung tissue) when compared to adults (33.50 +/- 5.60 ng PGI2/50 mg lung tissue). It is suggested that there is defective maturation in the development of prostacyclin synthetase in lung tissues of SIDS infants.
Ceftazidime (CAZ) was administered to patients with obstetrical and gynecological infectious diseases and we studied its clinical effect: CAZ was administered to 24 patients at a dose of 2--4 g per day (twice a day) by drip infusion over a period of 3--11 days (total 6--32 g). The subjects included 19 cases of intrauterine infection, 4 of adnexitis, and 1 of infection of the external genital organs. The overall clinical results were excellent in 6 cases and good in 18 cases, the efficacy rate being 100%. For bacteriological study, 26 strains were isolated from 16 patients. These included Gram-positive bacteria (10 strains), Gram-negative bacteria (6 strains) and anaerobes (10 strains). After CAZ treatment, 4 strains (S. mitis 1, E. coli 1, P. anaerobius 1, B. melaninogenicus 1) were eliminated, but as to the other 22 strains, the results were unknown, because we could not examine microbiology after administration. No clinical side effect or abnormality in laboratory findings was observed.
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A survey has been made of 150 cases of acute renal failure (A.R.F.) seen between 1962 and 1981. The overall mortality was 43.3%. The patients ranged from 7 to 75 years old. The mean age of all the patients was 47.2 years old. The mean age of the patients seen between 1970 and 1981 was 58.1 years old, 20 years older than those seen between 1962 and 1969. Despite increasing expertise in management of the complications of surgical, medical, and obstetric disorders, and considerable technical advances in dialysis, there was no decrease in mortality over the 20-year period of survey. Many factors have been identified as having an adverse influence on prognosis, such as age of patient, surgical origin, and complications. Mortality rate was high in the patients over 71 years old, postsurgical group (55.6%), and hepatorenal syndrome group (92.3%). Five major complications had an adverse influence: septicemia (57.1%), respiratory infection (61.1%), cardiovascular disorder (46.3%), hemorrhage (59.6%), unconsciousness (62.2%), and hepatic dysfunction (56.8%). Between 1970 and 1981 the mortality in the patients dialyzed up to 3 times was 81.3%, compared with 26.5% in those dialyzed from 4 to 19 times (p less than 0.01). In the former group severity of the underlying disorder had an adverse influence on prognosis. Although the A.R.F. may be controlled in the earlier stages of illness, many of these patients die of overwhelming infection or other complications.
Three patients with empty sella syndrome with various visual field disturbances were reported. In one patient there was evidence of enlargement of Mariotte spots, and in the others, irregular visual field defects. These three patients were initially suspected to have intraocular tumors because of the balloonings of the sella and visual field disturbances. However, the diagnosis of empty sella was confirmed by metrizamide cisternography and metrizamide computed tomography(CT). The results indicate that the patient with enlargement of the sella on the plain skull X-ray and visual field disturbance should be examined by metrizamide cisternography and metrizamide CT scan to differentiate from the intrasellar tumor.
A case of sarcoidosis with ocular involvement, including uncommon tumorous mass formation on the bulbar conjunctiva, was reported. The patient was a 62-year-old woman who had been suffering from chronic bronchiolitis for several years. The conjuctival masses, yellowish brown in color with localized injection and follicles, were found in both eyes. In addition to the conjunctival masses, the common manifestations of sarcoidosis were observed in the eyes, showing nodules on the iris and trabeculum, discrete fluffy "snowball" opacities in the vitreous, and perivascular nodules on the retinal vessels. Microscopically, the biopsy specimen obtained from he conjunctival masses was composed of epithelioid tubercles with Langhans type and foreign body type giant cells. Ziehl-Neelsen stain revealed no tuberculous bacilli. Transbronchial lung biopsy also revealed epithelioid tubercles. Both ocular and pulmonary lesions were observed to respond well to treatment with corticosteroid hormone. We emphasized that patients with interstitial pneumonitis or pulmonary fibrosis should be examined ophthalmologically, and recommended conjunctival biopsy in patients with suspected sarcoidosis.
A novel bis-sulfated tetraglycosylceramide containing N-acetylgalactosamine was isolated from the lipid extract of rat kidney. The isolation procedure involved extraction of lipids with chloroform/methanol, alkaline methanolysis, and column chromatographies with DEAE-Sephacel and silica beads. By infrared spectroscopy, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, periodate oxidation, solvolysis, chromium trioxide oxidation, and methylation analysis of the native and partially degraded compounds, the structure of this glycolipid is proposed to be (HSO3-3)Gal beta 1-3GalNAc beta 1-4(HSO3-3)Gal beta 1-4Glc beta 1-1Cer. The position of sulfate ester groups and the sequence of carbohydrates were further confirmed by methylation analysis and direct probe mass spectrometry after desulfation-trideuteriomethylation of permethylated glycolipids. The yield of this sulfoglycolipid was 5.5 nmol/g of tissue, which was about 25 and 50 mol %, respectively, of monosulfo-and bis-sulfogangliotriaosylceramide from rat kidney.
Metabolic changes dependent upon clinical conditions were studied in an eight-month-old girl with propionyl CoA carboxylase deficiency. Only methylcitric acid and 2-methyl-3-oxovaleric acid were detected in the urine of the patient under clinically favorable conditions. During episodes of clinical decompensation, she excreted increased amounts of all the metabolites associated with this disorder. Four acetyl CoA precursors increased during clinical episodes: glutaric acid, a catabolic intermediate of lysine; 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid and 3-methylglutaconic acid, catabolic intermediates of leucine; and lactic acid. This suggests that under clinically favorable conditions the patient has an altered propionate metabolism which proceeds via normal acetyl CoA metabolism with sufficient capacity for acetyl CoA plus propionyl CoA metabolism. When the production of propionyl CoA exceeds the metabolic capacity, however, the catabolism of potent ketogenic amino acids is effectively suppressed in order to reduce acetyl CoA production.
A Japanese female neonate exhibiting severe respiratory distress was found to have primary hyperparathyroidism. Features included demineralization of the bones, hypercalcemia, hypophosphatemia, and elevated levels of parathyroid hormone, together with marked, generalized aminoaciduria. Four enlarged parathyroid glands were surgically removed, and remineralization of the bones was noticed after the operation. The characteristic pathologic change of the glands was chief cell hyperplasia. A survey of the family identified three other hypercalcemic but asymptomatic relatives. The mode of inheritance was autosomal dominant. This patient seems to be the second neonate with familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia to be described in the literature.