The effects of PSK on hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes were investigated using Sarcoma 180-bearing and non-tumor-bearing ICR mice. PSK, an immunomodulator, has been commonly used in combination with tegafur for post-operative adjuvant chemotherapy. Tegafur is a typical masked compound transformed into 5-FU by the hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme P-450. It has been reported that immunostimulants such as BCG and anaerobic Corynebacterium suppress the drug metabolism. PSK and Propionibacterium acnes were administered to mice inoculated s.c. with Sarcoma 180. It was demonstrated that Propionibacterium acnes had an effect of inhibiting these enzymatic activities, especially the amount of P-450 and cytochrome b5 and aminopyrine demethylation. On the other hand, PSK had no influence on the drug-metabolizing enzymes. Propionibacterium acnes was shown to decrease the 5-FU level in organs and sera of mice given FT-207 orally. By contrast, PSK showed no difference in 5-FU level compared to controls, indicating that PSK had no inhibitory effect on the activation of FT-207 by hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes.

Aminopyrine↗

PubMed1986

[Writing on the job. Ability to write].

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Humans↗

PubMed1985

New application of high-performance liquid chromatography for analysis of urinary C-peptide.

A successful application of high-performance liquid chromatography for analysis of urinary C-peptide is described. Samples (1.0 ml of human urine) were first subjected to gel chromatography to remove interfering substances, and then applied to a reversed-phase column (LiChrosorb RP-18, 7 micron). The detection of C-peptide was performed using a highly specific radioimmunoassay. With the newly developed techniques, at least four forms of immunoreactive C-peptide were detected in human urine. One of these peptides was indistinguishable from authentic C-peptide. The present study has clearly demonstrated the heterogeneity of urinary C-peptide.

Adult↗

PubMed1985

Insulin and C-peptide secretion from B cells in human subjects stimulated with glucose.

Two groups of immunoreactive insulin in human sera were reported by Kakita et al. (4), using gel chromatography after acid-alcohol extraction. These analogs were noted not only in circulating human sera but also in incubation medium and incubated human pancreas. The release of these insulin analogs was discussed in a previous report (5). The circulating C-peptide immunoreactivity was separated into two groups on a Bio-Gel column, and the early peak should not be proinsulin but an associated C peptide (6). These analogs of insulin were separated by the methods of ion-exchange chromatography, isoelectric focusing, gel electrophoresis, and gel chromatography. Immunoreactive insulin was also separated into two major bands by standard polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The fast migrating band corresponds to the rat insulin II position, and the slower corresponds to rat insulin I, which has one more basic amino acid residue in comparison with rat insulin II. Further studies have been performed in five healthy adults in order to elucidate the physiological relationship between analogs of insulin and C-peptide peak substances in human serum; the results are reported in this paper with a consideration of the mechanism of insulin secretion.

Adult↗

PubMed1985