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Biomedical subjects

M Matsui

Publications and source records attributed to M Matsui.

At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

The endocrine response after burns.

To identify the dynamic response of hormones after burns with special reference to ANP during shock and the subsequent period, plasma concentrations of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), aldosterone, cortisol, arginine vasopressin (AVP), corticotropin, (ACTH), plasma renin activities (PRA), norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E) were measured from the day of ICU admission and for 7 days following burn injury. Plasma AVP levels were highest on ICU admission and correlated with size of the burn injury ranged from 20-60 percent of the total body surface area. Between the 5th and 6th postburn day plasma ANP levels elevated while plasma AVP levels returned to normal. Urine sodium concentrations decreased from the 3rd day. Plasma aldosterone levels declined after the 2nd day. Mean epinephrine (E) and norepinephrine (NE) levels elevated on admission and remained elevated throughout the study. These results suggest that ANP plays important role for restoring fluid homeostasis by improving edema in burned tissues during refilling periods in burns.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1991

Macular lesions predisposing to senile disciform macular degeneration.

Senile disciform macular degeneration (SMD) is a neovascular/exudative form of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). In this study 340 eyes were followed up to assess the progression of SMD. The 340 eyes consisted of two groups. Group 1 was composed of 157 eyes with age-related macular changes other than choroidal neovascular membrane. Group 2 was made up of the contralateral eyes of 183 unilateral SMD eyes. Average ages were 61 and 64 in groups 1 and 2, respectively, and respective follow-up periods were 44 and 52 months. Choroidal neovascular membrane developed in 12 eyes in group 1 (7.6%) and in 19 eyes in group 2 (10.4%), a total of 31 eyes (9.1%). Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) detachment was found as a predisposing lesion in 25 of these 31 eyes. Choroidal neovascular membrane developed in 12 of the 24 eyes with large RPE detachments. In 3 eyes neovascular membrane developed from an RPE detachment which had evolved from soft drusen. There were 3 eyes among the 62 eyes with soft drusen in which neovascular membrane developed directly from soft drusen. Based on these results, we classified AMD into 3 types; 1) atrophic, 2) predisciform, which includes RPE detachment and soft drusen, and 3) SMD.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[Mechanisms of organ failure following cardiopulmonary bypass--preventive effects of ulinastatin].

The causes of organ failure following cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) were multi-factorial. Damage was initiated by elastase which was released from activated granulocytes under conditions of significant reduction in the protease inhibitor level (p less than 0.01). Platelet aggregation, initiated by the CPB, altered the eicosanoid metabolism. As a result, the level of thromboxane A2 increased and became dominant in relation to prostaglandin I2. The increase in endothelin excretion observed during and after the CPB induced a further vasoconstrictive response in the microvasculature and accelerated ischemic cellular damage. Upon completion of the CPB, the elevation of the lysosomal enzyme beta-glucuronidase was influenced by the concentration of elastase (r = 0.78). The endothelin level correlated slightly with the elastase level (r = 0.4) during the CPB. This might indicate that there was an interaction between the activated granulocytes and endothelin production. The increase in the alveolar-arterial oxygen tension difference (Aa-DO2) only correlated with the elastase concentration (r = 0.55). Renal damage, which was detected by an increase in renal tubular enzymes (N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase), was affected by endothelin (r = 0.68, 0.58) and elastase (r = 0.61, 0.51) respectively, but not by thromboxane B2. Even after the CPB, damage was thought to be perpetuated by the continuous elevation of elastase and endothelin. Since thromboxane A2 dominance subsided immediately after the cardiopulmonary bypass, the effect of thromboxane A2 on the development of organ failure was possibly only influential during the CPB. The cardiac index demonstrated a negative correlation with endothelin (r = -0.69) and a positive correlation with the ratio of TxB2/PGF1 (r = 0.51).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Hepatitis C virus is a more likely cause of chronic liver disease in the Japanese population than hepatitis B virus.

508 Japanese patients with chronic liver disease, including chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, and 500 controls matched for sex and age were studied. Antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) alone was found in 233 (45.9%) patients and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) alone was present in 128 (25.2%) patients. Both anti-HCV and HBsAg were present in 18 (3.5%) patients. Anti-HCV was found in 8 (1.6%) controls and HBsAg was present in 4 (0.8%) controls. The prevalence of anti-HCV alone was 36.9% in chronic hepatitis, 49.0% in cirrhosis and 67.0% in hepatocellular carcinoma, respectively. The prevalence of anti-HCV increased with the progress of severity of liver disease. Anti-HCV was more prevalent than HBsAg both in cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (p less than 0.001). The prevalence of anti-HCV increased with age. Among patients under age 39 years, HBsAg was detected more often than anti-HCV, however, in those over age 50 years, anti-HCV was detected more often than HBsAg (p less than 0.001). It would appear that hepatitis C virus more than hepatitis B virus is a prominent cause of chronic liver disease among Japanese patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

HTLV-1 Tax induces expression of various immediate early serum responsive genes.

Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is an etiological agent of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL). We showed here by mobility-shift assay that T-cell lines transformed with the virus contained high levels of AP-1 activities. Consistent with this result, these cell lines expressed increased levels of mRNAs encoding the AP-1 proteins, c-Fos, Fra-1, c-Jun, JunB, and JunD. Previously, transcription of the c-fos gene has been reported to be transactivated by the viral transcription factor, Tax1. By using the human T-cell line (JPX-9), in which expression of the Tax1 is inducible, we showed that expression of mRNAs for Fra-1, c-Jun, and JunD was also transactivated by Tax1. Moreover, Tax1 activated expression of two other transcription factors having zinc finger motifs, Egr-1 and Egr-2, in the same cells. The Tax1-inducible transcription factors identified here are encoded by the members of immediate early genes under the control of growth signals. Thus, Tax1 was suggested to replace growth signals, at least in part, by this mechanism.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1991

[An evaluation of bone mineral mass and trabecular distribution on cross sections of thoracic and lumbar vertebral bodies].

Quantitative computed tomography (QCT) has come into wide use. However, it is difficult to evaluate the bone mineral density of the thoracic vertebral body by QCT, because of the influence of the lungs, the difficulty in positioning etc. In this study, the CT-value and trabecular distribution of the bone area in the undecalcified section of the 8th thoracic, the 12th thoracic and the 3rd lumbar vertebral body were examined. As a result, no difference in bone mineral density and trabecular distribution of these vertebral bodies was recognized. In all vertebral bodies, moreover, the bone area was greater in the posterior part of the vertebral body than in the anterior part. Examining the correlation between age and trabecular distribution, trabeculae in the 12th thoracic vertebral body and the 3rd lumbar vertebral body similarly decreased with age.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Left ventricular cardiomyoplasty by the use of a free latissimus dorsi myograft with a vascular anastomosis--augmentation of regional cardiac performance in dyskinetic segments].

This study was performed to evaluate the ability of a free revascularized Latissimus Dorsi (LD) graft placed on dyskinetic segments of the left ventricle to augment regional left ventricular performance in 8 adult dogs. LD muscles preconditioned for 30 days were revascularized with the internal mammary artery and right atrial appendage. The free graft was sutured on the ischemic area of the left ventricular anterolateral wall, produced by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Grafts were paced at a burst frequency of 25 and 50 Hz, at a synchronization ratio of 1:1, 2:1, and 3:1. Effects of synchronously paced LD grafts on regional myocardial performance and hemodynamics were evaluated by placing ultrasonic crystals on the ischemic area and hemodynamic parameters. The flow rate of revascularized thoracodorsal artery (TDA flow) was measured during synchronously pacing of the grafts. Systolic bulging was shown in the ischemic area without graft pacing: %shortening (%S) = -9.5 +/- 3.6%. Graft pacing at a burst frequency of 25 and 50 Hz resulted passive segmental shortening of the ischemic left ventricular myocardium: %S = +3.9 +/- 1.9% (p less than 0.01, vs values without pacing) and +5.5 +/- 1.9% (p less than 0.01, vs values without pacing), respectively. The left ventricular pressure increased from 74 +/- 14 mmHg to 83 +/- 15 mmHg (p less than 0.01) with graft pacing at a burst frequency of 50 Hz. The peak aortic flow also was augmented by an average of 30 +/- 6% at paced cardiac cycles. The pattern of TDA flow during 1:1 synchronous pacing was changed to be dominant in diastolic, unlike the pattern without graft pacing. Values of TDA flow rate, however, increased after the initiation of pacing and reached 270 +/- 38% of control values. In conclusions, this study shows that a revascularized free LD graft has an ability to contract in systole against the left ventricular wall stress, and to augment regional left ventricular performance in dyskinetic segments. And sufficient blood perfusion to the grafts can be maintained during synchronously pacing of the grafts in cardiac systole.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Experimental study on potential for cardiac assist by latissimus dorsi myograft--an importance of muscle ischemia].

We have studied contractile property and fatigue rates of skeletal muscle ventricle (SMV) constructed using the latissimus dorsi muscles of 11 dogs. The role of early interruption of collateral blood supply in the prevention of muscle ischemia and SMV fatigue was evaluated. Systolic function of SMV was measured in a hydraulic test system; afterload was set at 70 mmHg and preload 15 or 25 mmHg. Control SMV (GI: N = 7), which was fashioned immediately after interruption of collateral blood supply, generated an initial SMV pressure of 222 +/- 50 mmHg and stroke volume of 15 +/- 7 ml/beat with muscle stimulation at a burst-frequency of 50 Hz, but could sustain flow for only 3.5 +/- 0.8 minutes. SMV subjected to a vascular delay (Group II: N = 4) demonstrated improvement of fatigue rates; duration of flow 32.4 +/- 14.0 and sufficient contractile property (initial SMV pressure 182 +/- 17 mmHg, stroke volume 1- +/- 2 ml/beat). Thermography surface temperature mapping revealed remarkable improvement of blood distribution in GII muscles. Flow rates of thoracodorsal artery were significantly greater in GII muscles compared to those in GI muscles (15.0 +/- 3.7 ml/min/LD 100 g, 10.1 +/- 3.1 ml/min/LD 100 g, p less than 0.05, respectively). Despite significant improvement of functional durability in GII muscles, the ratio of oxygen consumption to lactate output was not different between 2 groups. These results suggest that early interruption of collateral blood supply can minimize muscle ischemia, resulting in diminishing fatigue of latissimus dorsi muscles without changes in skeletal muscle metabolism.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Potential for left ventricular assistance by latissimus dorsi myograft--sequential effects of electrical preconditioning on skeletal muscle fiber type, blood flow and metabolic status].

In order to evaluate the possibility of left ventricular assistance by latissimus dorsi (LD) myograft, we have studied contractile property and fatigue rates of skeletal muscle ventricle (SMV) constructed using canine LD muscles. Twenty three dogs were divided into 3 groups depending on the conditioning protocol of LD muscles; Group I (Control n = 12), Group II (Vascular delay n = 4) and Group III (Vascular delay and electrical preconditioning n = 7). SMVs in GIII dogs generated sufficient pressure and forward flow in a hydraulic test system with muscle stimulation at a burst-frequency of 50 Hz (SMV pressure 131 +/- 42 mmHg, Stroke volume 7.0 +/- 3.0 ml/beat). Although SMVs in GI and GII dogs could sustain flow for only 4.0 +/- 1.1 minutes and 32.4 +/- 14.0 minutes, respectively, SMVs in GIII were able to pump continuously for 107.5 +/- 15.0 minutes (p less than 0.01, vs GI and GII). Thermography surface temperature mapping revealed marked improvement of blood distribution of LD muscles in GII and GIII dogs. Flow rates of thoracodorsal artery during SMV stimulation were GI: 10.0 +/- 3.1 ml/minute/LD 100 g, GII: 15.0 +/- 3.7 ml/minutes/100 g and GIII: 20.7 +/- 2.5 ml/minutes/100 g (p less than 0.01 vs GI). The ratio of oxygen consumption to lactate output was GI: 0.33 +/- 0.10, GII: 0.36 +/- 0.09 and GIII: 1.56 +/- 0.97 (p less than 0.01 vs GI, p less than 0.05 vs GII). Histochemical examination of LD muscles using alkaline ATPase stain revealed muscle fiber type transformation of GIII muscles. These results suggest electrically preconditioned LD muscles have sufficient contractile property for partial left ventricular assistance, and highly fatigue-resistant properties resulted from muscle fiber transformation, improved muscle perfusion and metabolic changes.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Therapeutic effects of thromboembolectomy and caval Günther filter insertion in chronic pulmonary embolism].

Two cases of chronic-stage pulmonary embolism which had occurred at least one month before the operation were presented. Pulmonary thromboembolectomy under the cardiopulmonary bypass was performed and followed by the insertion of Günther filter to prevent recurrence of embolism. Both cases revealed severe obstruction occupying over 50% of the pulmonary arteries which were presented by the remarkable increase of pulmonary arterial systolic pressures up to 100 and 80 mmHg respectively. After thrombectomy the pulmonary artery pressure declined to 45 and 28 mmHg, even though the pulmonary embolism was in subchronic state. The respiratory symptoms and abnormal findings on the ECG and chest X-ray were also improved. Since the phlebothrombosis of the inferior limb might be the cause of pulmonary embolism, the insertion of the filter in the inferior vena cava was thought to be indispensable for the prevention of recurrence.

Female↗
PubMed1990

T-cell recognition of an immunodominant myelin basic protein epitope in multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis is thought to be an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system mediated by T cells specific for a myelin antigen. Myelin basic protein has been studied as a potential autoantigen in the disease because of its role as an encephalitogen in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and post-viral encephalomyelitis and because of the presence in the blood of multiple sclerosis patients of in vivo-activated T cells reactive to myelin basic protein. Immune involvement in multiple sclerosis has been further suggested by the association with the major histocompatibility complex class II phenotype DR2, DQw1. To define the T-cell specificity toward myelin basic protein, 15,824 short-term T-cell lines were established from multiple sclerosis subjects, subjects with other neurological diseases, and normal controls. Here we report a higher frequency of T-cell lines reactive with a DR2-associated region of myelin basic protein between residues 84-102 in patients with multiple sclerosis compared with controls. A second region, identified between residues 143-168, was recognized equally in multiple sclerosis patients and controls and was associated with the DRw11 phenotype. These DR2 and DRw11 associations were also observed among T-cell lines generated from family members of a multiple sclerosis patient. The immunodominant 84-102 peptide from myelin basic protein was both DR2- and DQw1-restricted among different T-cell lines. These results raise the possibility that this immunodominant region may be encephalitogenic in some DR2+ individuals.

Amino Acid Sequence↗