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Biomedical subjects

M Masson

Publications and source records attributed to M Masson.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Influence of dietary essential fatty acid level on fatty acid composition in peripheral nerve and muscle.

Two groups of rats of different lines were divided into two lots. The four lots, whose dams received a fat-controlled diet, were fed with diets containing different levels of essential unsaturated fatty acids, namely linoleic (18:2 (n-6)) and linolenic (18:2 (n-3)) acid, in the oil. Nerve and muscle fatty acids were analyzed at adulthood. When the linolenic acid level was less than 0.6 p. 100 of the total fatty acids in the diets (peanut oil and sunflower oil), the level of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) of the (n-3) series decreased. This decrease was associated with an increase in the PUFA of the (n-6) series. Total PUFA ((n-3) + (n-6)) remained similar in the same group of rats, whatever the diet. On the contrary, when dietary linolenic acid reached 7.6 p. 100 (soya oil) or 8.5 p. 100 (rapeseed oil) of the total fatty acids, in the presence of a very high linoleic acid level, the PUFA of the (n-6) series decreased and that of the (n-3) series increased in nerve and especially in muscle. It appears that preferential PUFA biosynthesis from linolenic acid occurred when the ratio (n-6)/(n-3) was low enough in the dietary oil.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Alteration in fatty acid composition of neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, myelin and synaptosomes in intrauterine malnutrition in rat.

Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) was obtained by ligation of one uterine artery on day 17 of pregnancy. Neurons isolated from IUGR rats presented a decrease of monounsaturated fatty acids and an increase of omega-3 serie fatty acids, concomitant to a decrease of omega-6 serie fatty acids. Oligodendrocyte content in monounsaturated fatty acids was also reduced; important modifications occurred in their polyunsaturated fatty acid distribution. Myelin was close to normal in adults, slightly altered in young. Synaptosomes presented slight disturbances in polyunsaturated fatty acid distribution. Thus, the fatty acid composition was an index of maturation stage and nutritional status of developing brain membranes.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Fischer's "one and a half" syndrome: associated paralysis of horizontal eye movements and anterior internuclear ophthalmoplegia: report of 5 cases (author's transl)].

Five cases of Fischer's "one and a half" syndrome are reported. A complex central ophthalmoplegia provokes paralysis of horizontal eye movements on the affected side in both eyes and an internuclear ophthalmoplegia on the same side. No horizontal movement, except in convergence, is possible in the eye on the affected side, the other eye exhibiting movement between the median line and abduction only. Three patients with this syndrome were examined by oculography. The outcome was fatal in one case, pathological examination demonstrating widespread damage to half the pontine protuberance. In another case scanner imaging showed a paramedian protuberential lesion. The syndrome is most frequently observed in multiple sclerosis and cerebrovascular accidents but may follow any lesion in this region. Physiopathological features of the disorder are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Tonic deviation of gaze in Wallenberg's syndrome].

A case of tonic deviation of gaze in a case of Wallenberg's syndrome is presented. Apart from oculostatic signs there were oculokinetic disorders presenting as a dysmetria of saccades with hypometria contralateral to the lesion. The physiopathology of this disorder is discussed. This syndrome of ocular lateropulsion probably results from a lesion of the restiform body interrupting cerebello-vestibular connections, associated with a lesion of the inferior part of the vestibular nuclei.

Eye Movements↗
PubMed1981

Total-body protein turnover in human premature neonates: effects of birth weight, intra-uterine nutritional status and diet.

1. The effects of birth weight, intra-uterine nutritional status and protein and energy intake on whole-body protein turnover, and skeletal muscle protein breakdown were examined in 40 premature infants. 2. Total-body nitrogen flux was 26% higher in the small-for-gestational-age compared with appropriate-for-gestation-age infants; similarly, whole-body protein synthesis and breakdown were increased by 26 and 35% respectively (P less than 0.01). 3. The lower-birth-weight neonates (less than 1500 g) had higher rates of skeletal muscle protein breakdown; 1.23 +/- 1.12 g day-1 kg-1, as compared with 0.54 +/- 0.28 g for the high-birth-weight group (P less than 0.05). 4. Protein intake was inversely correlated with the fraction of nitrogen flux coming from endogenous protein breakdown (P less than 0.05) and with skeletal muscle protein breakdown (P less than 0.05). There were no significant relationships found between energy intake and the parameters of protein metabolism. 5. On the basis of the turnover data, evidence is presented that the protein requirements for milk-protein fed premature neonates is less than 4.3 g day-1 kg-1.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1981

Intrauterine growth retardation (malnutrition by vascular ligation) induces modifications in fatty acid composition of neurons and oligodendrocytes.

Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) induced by ligation of one uterine artery on day 17 of pregnancy in the rat lead to major abnormalities in the fatty acid content of neurons and oligodendrocytes but not in astrocytes. In neurons from IUGR rats, monounsaturated fatty acids were decreased; in the polyunsaturated series, omega-3 fatty acids were increased and omega-6 fatty acids were decreased. In oligodendrocytes, monounsaturated fatty acids were also decreased, but the modifications in polyunsaturated fatty acids were the opposite of those in neurons: omega-3 being decreased and omega-6 increased. Although the animals received a normal diet after birth, the alterations were still present in adulthood. In addition, fatty acid composition of brain cells is a very indicative criterion of brain maturation.

Aging↗
PubMed1981

[A parietal form of Pick's disease: clinical and pathological study (author's transl)].

A patient developed a neurological disorder at the age of 57 years and died 9 years later after progressive aggravation. The clinical picture was that of a unilateral, parietal, focal neurological syndrome for many years, finally becoming bilateral. The purely neurological nature of the condition, without signs of mental disturbance, should be emphasized. Pathological examination showed mainly unilateral circumscribed cortical atrophy in the parietal regions. Histological examination showed atrophic lesions typical of Pick's disease. This case provides suggestive evidence for the existence of purely parietal forms of Pick's disease.

Dementia↗
PubMed1980

The role of dosage of the region 7D1-7D5-6 of the X chromosome in the production of homeotic transformations in Drosophila melanogaster.

A high frequency of homeotic transformation appears in Df(3)red/+ progeny of Df(1)snC128/+ females. Generally, the metathoracic appendages are partially transformed into mesothoracic ones. Df(1)snC128 includes a small region of the X chromosome: 7D1 to 7D5-6. Hypodosage of this region is mainly effective at the level of the maternal genotype, and the effect is probably due to hypodosage of the wild-type allele of the gene fs(1)h. Df(3)red has an effect that is mainly, if not exclusively, zygotic, probably due to hypodosage of the wild-type allele of Rg-bx. The frequencies of transformed flies resulting from the interaction between Df(1)snC128 and Df(3)red are not very sensitive to external conditions and genetic background. Studies of the interactions between Df(1)snC128 and other mutations or deficiencies of chromosome 3 [Rg-pbx, bx, pbx, Ubx1, Ubx130, Ubx80, Df(3)P9] reveal an analogy between the hypodosage effect of region 7D1-7D5-6 and the effects of ether treatment of blastoderm stage eggs. The role of the gene fs(1)h in the process of segment determination is discussed in the light of these results.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1980

[Visual agnosia without right hemianopia in a right-handed patient (author's transl)].

A right-handed 77-year-old man presented with a left homonymous lateral hemianopsia involving the macula. Consciousness, memory, and oral language were normal, but the patient experienced great difficulties in identifying objects and images by sight, even though he recognized their geometrical shapes. He also had prosopagnosia, and alexia without agraphia but no agnosia for colours. The patient died suddenly 6 weeks after the onset of the disorders. Pathological examination demonstrated the presence of a bilateral occipital infarct involving on the right, the inferior border of the calcarine fissure, and the lingual and fusiform gyri, and on the left the fusiform gyrus. This supports the role in man of the inferior occipitotemporal convolutions in the perceptual integration of visual informations, and suggests that this region of the cortex is analogous with the inferotemporal cortex of monkeys which has been shown to be a determinant for the elaboration of visual objects.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

[Ocular tracking movements: organization and disturbances in occipitoparietal lesions (author's transl)].

Disturbances of ipsilateral pursuit movements in unilateral occipitoparietal lesions have led to accept that each occipitoparietal region controls the ipsilateral slow movement. The study of 7 patients with unilateral occipitoparietal lesions demonstrated that the pursuit (ramp) movement directed towards the lesion is not completely absent; but that the tracking is of an extremely fragile nature and overloaded with saccades. Furthermore, though it is true that the disorganization mainly affects the pursuit ipsilateral to the lesion, it does also involve to some extent the contralateral movement. These findings suggest that the concommitant action of the two hemispheres is necessary for smooth pursuit movements to occur, by inhibiting any phasic phenomenon, but that each hemisphere is still capable of producing pursuit movements in both directions.

Brain Diseases↗