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Biomedical subjects

M Marx

Publications and source records attributed to M Marx.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Synthesis and central nervous system properties of 2-[(alkoxycarbonyl)amino]-4(5)-phenyl-2-imidazolines.

A series of 2-[( alkoxycarbonyl )amino]-4(5)-phenyl-2-imidazolines was prepared and evaluated for central nervous system (CNS) effects (antidepressant, anticonvulsant, muscle relaxant, and depressant) in animal models. Some separation of those CNS activities was achieved through substitutions on the phenyl and imidazoline moieties. Halo-substituted phenyl compounds were among the most potent antidepressants in this series, while imidazole N-alkylation produced compounds with increased depressant effects (loss of righting reflex, mouse behavior). Comparison of in vitro and in vivo data for pairs of 2-[(methoxycarbonyl)amino]-4(5)-phenyl-2-imidazolines and their parent, 2-amino-4(5)-phenyl-2-imidazolines, suggests that the title compounds were prodrugs for the 2-amino-4(5)-phenyl-2-imidazolines in inhibition of norepinephrine reuptake.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Acute effects of angiotensin II in intact and adrenalectomized conscious dogs.

UNLABELLED: Renal effects of A II, retention of sodium and water, may be mediated by the stimulation of aldosterone secretion and/or by direct effects of A II on the kidneys. An attempt was made to differentiate between these two possibilities. METHODS: Conscious, female beagle dogs were used. The dogs were kept under standardized conditions (metabolic cage, daily sodium intake 4.5 mmol X kg-1 bw, chronically implanted arterial and venous catheters, i.v. hormone substitution after adrenalectomy by a portable pump). A II was infused i.v. over a period of 60 min after 60 min control. (Rate: 1, 4, 20 or 200 ng X min-1 X kg-1 bw). RESULTS: Mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) increased with 20 and 200 ng A II X min-1 X kg-1 bw by an average of 34 mm Hg and 65 mm Hg resp. before and after adrenalectomy. Before adrenalectomy: sodium and water excretion decreased always at 4 and 20 ng A II X min-1 X kg-1 bw, whereas a rate of 200 ng A II X min-1 X kg-1 bw had different effects on renal sodium and water excretion. After adrenalectomy: sodium and water excretion decreased at 4 ng A II X min-1 X kg-1 bw. Whereas a rate of 20 and 200 ng. -As no marked alterations of the glomerular filtration rate occurred, sodium retention observed was mainly due to tubular effects of A II. Plasma aldosterone concentration increased at 4, 20 and 200 ng A II X min-1 X kg-1 bw in the intact dogs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adrenalectomy↗
PubMed1983

Amplification of the provirus region in Rous sarcoma virus-transformed Chinese hamster cells and segregation of the amplified copies in somatic cell hybrids.

Four independent clones of RSV-transformed Chinese hamster fibroblasts were isolated. Southern blots and dot hybridization studies showed that in three out of four clones there were four to eight times as many integrated proviruses as in the fourth clone which contained at least one complete provirus. Restriction mapping studies showed that although the integration site varied from clone to clone, all the proviral copies in the same clone shared the same flanking cellular sequences. In one clone there are at least two polymorphic proviral variants A and B, one with and one without a BglI site. Further experiments were performed to see if the variants could be physically separated. RSV-Transformed Chinese hamster cells resistant to thioguanine were fused with mouse cells to give somatic hybrids which preferentially segregate Chinese hamster chromosomes. Ten out of eleven hybrids positive for virus rescue have lost up to 90% of the parental provirus copies. Four of these hybrids were found to contain the provirus variant A alone, one the variant B alone, and the rest contained both variants. All the proviruses retained in somatic hybrids shared the flanking cellular sequences of the parental provirus. Provirus segregation in somatic hybrids confirms that multiple (about ten) copies of the provirus region are present in the karyotype of parental RSV-transformed cells and, furthermore, suggests that the amplified copies of this region are translocated to different chromosomes.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Endophthalmitis after penetrating keratoplasty.

Of 445 eyes (305 of which were aphakic) that underwent penetrating keratoplasty, 11 developed endophthalmitis, three immediately after surgery, two after subsequent secondary surgery, and six after late ulceration of the transplanted cornea. The diagnosis was based clinically on the loss of the red reflex and vitreous opacification, and was confirmed by culture of vitreous aspirate. All patients who developed endophthalmitis were aphakic and had received corticosteroids at the time of infection; most had undergone previous ocular surgery. These patients differed from those previously described with this condition because neither the donor tissue nor the storage medium was the source of infection. Treatment included intracameral, systemic, and topical administration of antibiotics. When the endophthalmitis originated from a corneal ulcer in a graft, the infected tissue was replaced with a new transplant. Despite treatment, the final visual outcomes were not good. One eye had a final visual acuity of 20/200 and one eye had a final visual acuity of 20/400. Three eyes had light perception and six eyes had no light perception. One eye was eventually enucleated.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Darmstoff analogues. 2. Ring and side-chain effects on smooth-muscle contraction.

2-cis-delta 8-Heptadecenyl-4-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-dioxolane monosodium phosphate (1b) has been shown to be present as a major component of Darmstoff in mammalian intestine and to be a potent inducer for contraction of intestinal smooth muscle. The analogous 2-pentadecyl material 1a, also found abundantly in the intestine, is inactive. In this study, synthesis of phosphorylated hydroxymethyl-1,4-dioxanes, -tetrahydrofurans, -cyclopentanes, and -oxathiolanes bearing both oleyl and palmityl side chains is reported. Of these, 2-(hydroxymethyl)-5-cis-delta 8-heptadecenyl-1,4-dioxane monosodium phosphate (2b) exhibits about 12% of the activity of 1b. Its pentadecyl analogue 2a, like 1a, is totally inactive, as are all other compounds prepared. The results indicate that Darmstoff-like compounds exhibit specific chemical requirements for activity and that where activity is encountered, the side-chain specificity noted in 1a and 1b can be preserved.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Routine neonatal circumcision: the gap between contemporary policy and practice.

Attitudes, knowledge, and personal factors related to circumcision in the newborn period were analyzed among a group of 92 randomly selected primary care physicians and 103 parents of male infants. Sixty-five percent of the physicians conveyed a positive attitude about routine neonatal circumcision to their patients; pediatricians were more likely to have a neutral attitude, and both family and general practitioners were more likely to encourage routine neonatal circumcision (P less than .01). Routine neonatal circumcision was favored more often by older, male, and circumcised physicians. Knowledge about the normal anatomy of the infants' foreskin was inadequate. Parents rarely perceived physicians as influential in the decision-making process (P less than .001). In contrast, fathers' circumcision status and parental belief in medical indications were positively related to the decision to circumcise (P less than .001 and P less than .01, respectively). The data suggest directions for change in clinical pediatric practice that may bring contemporary policy with regard to routine neonatal circumcision closer to actual practice.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Prophylaxis and treatment of respiratory tract infection in ventilated patients by endotracheal administration of aminoglycosides (author's transl)].

The effects of intratracheal administration of gentamicin on frequency of bacterial contamination of the trachea and respiratory tract infection were assessed in a controlled and prospective study in 20 patients on a respirator. Gentamicin was instilled undiluted 6-hourly in a dosage of 40 mg into the trachea. Compared with a control group (n = 20), patients with intratracheal gentamicin instillation showed earlier reduction of tracheal bacterial contamination and during further ventilation a diminished rate of colonisation of the trachea. There was no evidence of an increase of Candida albicans. Pneumonic infiltrations regressed earlier in patients with intratracheal gentamicin. Respiratory tract infections were less frequent during continued artificial ventilation than in the control group. In ventilated patients intratracheal aminoglycosides can thus be recommended for prophylaxis of respiratory tract infections.

Female↗
PubMed1980

[Blood loss in dialysis in repeatedly used capillary dialysators].

The blood losses increase to the twofold to threefold by capillary dialysators C-DAK 4 and C-DAK 5 are about 6.8 ml and 26 ml, respectively, in the first use. In repeated use of the C-DAK 4 the blood losses by the C-DAK 5, however, are so high that it is not to be advised to use them manifold under our conditions of dialysis. By an increase of the reperfusion quantity from 150 to 250 ml of electrolyte solution for one C-DAK 4 blood losses may considerably be reduced. In a parallel switching of two C-DAK 4 each exemplar should be perfused individually.

Blood Volume↗
PubMed1980

[Basic disturbances and extra-renal complications - prognosis determining factors in acute renal failure].

The author adopts a definite attitude to the prognosis of acute renal failure, based on the experiences of 410 peritoneal dialyses and 168 haemodialyses in 165 patients. In a total lethality of 51% there is no relation between the choice of the technique of dialysis and lethality. The changes of survival are mainly determined by the causal disease and its extrarenal complications. The worst prognosis have patients with a breakdown of other vital functions besides renal failure. The possibility of the alternative treatment haemodialysis/peritoneal dialysis should always be given.

Acute Kidney Injury↗