Biomedical subjects

M Maruyama

Publications and source records attributed to M Maruyama.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources

PubMed2001

[Serological diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis and nontuberculous pulmonary mycobacteriosis].

OBJECTIVE: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the utility of the serodiagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis and nontuberculous pulmonary mycobacteriosis by ELISA using a Pathozyme-Myco kit (Myco kit) and a Pathozyme-TB complex kit (TB kit) (OMEGA Diagnostics Ltd.). STUDY POPULATION: The subjects comprised 256 healthy volunteers (HV, healthy hospital employees), 66 patients with sputum-positive active pulmonary tuberculosis (apTB), 14 patients with healed pulmonary tuberculosis (hpTB), 24 patients with nontuberculous pulmonary mycobacteriosis (NTM) and 32 patients with pulmonary diseases other than mycobacteriosis. RESULTS: 1) The serum IgG antibody titers determined with the Myco kit were significantly higher in the apTB group (p < 0.01), the hpTB group (p < 0.01), and the NTM group (p < 0.01) than those in the HV and the other pulmonary disease group. At a cut-off value of the mean + 2SD of the values obtained in the HV, the positive rate was 47.0% in patients with apTB, 50.0% in those with NTM, 21.4% in those with hpTB, 3.1% in those with other pulmonary diseases, and 1.6% in the HV. Analysis of ROC curves showed that the HV and the pulmonary mycobacteriosis group (apTB and NTM) were best distinguished by a cut-off value of -0.280 OD (log), with the sensitivity and the specificity being 83.3% and 78.5%, respectively. It was impossible to distinguish apTB from NTM. 2) The serum IgG antibody titers determined with the TB kit were significantly higher in the apTB group than those in the HV (p < 0.01), the NTM group (p < 0.05) and the other pulmonary disease group (p < 0.01). No significant difference was observed between the HV and the patients with NTM or those with other pulmonary diseases. Although the positive rate of the test was low in the apTB group (42.4%), there was a significant difference between apTB and NTM (12.5%) (p < 0.05), suggesting that apTB could be distinguished from NTM. 3) Since the serum antibody titers determined by the Myco kit showed no significant difference between apTB and NTM, and there was also no difference in the positivity between the two diseases, we performed serologic examination using the Myco kit to detect both diseases as pulmonary mycobacteriosis. After diagnosing pulmonary mycobacteriosis by the Myco kit, we then used the TB kit to separate apTB from NTM. In this case, the sensitivity and specificity of the test were 55.6% and 85.7%, respectively. Better methods should be developed to distinguish apTB from nontuberculous mycobacteriosis.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

[Pharmacokinetic study of the intraperitoneal administration of CPT-11 for patients with peritoneal seedings of gastric and colonic cancers].

We studied the pharmacokinetics of the intraperitoneal administration of CPT-11 for four patients with peritoneal metastasis (2 gastric cancer cases, 2 colon cancer cases). CPT-11 was administrated in a dose of 40-60 mg and the intraperitoneal and serum levels of CPT-11, SN-38 and SN-38 glucuronized (SN-38 Glu) were measured periodically. Intraperitoneal therapy with CPT-11 was effective for the control of malignant ascites. No serious side effects were observed. The levels of CPT-11, SN-38 were no different 30 min afterwards the administration of CPT-11 either intraperitoneally or intravenously. The high concentration of CPT-11 was achieved with intraperitoneal therapy and a small fraction of CPT-11 changed into SN-38 in the abdominal cavity.

Aged↗

PubMed2001

[Adjuvant short-term continuous hepatoarterial infusion of 5-FU for advanced colorectal cancer using a removable hepatoarterial catheter].

We devised a removable hepatoarterial catheter which we then implanted in patients during colorectal operations, after first making sure this system worked well in an experiment with rabbits. We have applied this devise in 21 advanced colorectal cancer patients. The procedure to place the hepatoarterial catheter followed the resection of the colorectal cancer. A 16 G 30 cm TPN catheter was inserted into the gastroduodenal artery. This artery was ligated at two points with a double loop of elastic rubber threads (Elastik, Matsuda Suture, Tokyo). The catheter was fixed with Vicryl RAIDE (4-0). After the operation, 5-FU was continuously infused through the catheter for 2 weeks. We could remove the arterial catheter without any complications or bleeding after the chemotherapy was completed.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed2001

[A patient with small-cell carcinoma of the esophagus with synchronous liver metastasis surviving 48 months after surgery].

Small-cell carcinoma of the esophagus is regarded as having a poor prognosis with frequent and early systemic metastasis. Recently, several reports have described small-cell carcinoma satisfactorily treated by chemotherapy and radiation therapy combined with surgery. We herein report a patient with small-cell carcinoma of esophagus with synchronous multiple liver metastasis who survived 44 months after surgery. A 70-year-old man was found to have a polypoid lesion at the abdominal esophagus by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. A biopsy specimen of the lower esophagus demonstrated undifferentiated carcinoma of the esophagus. Ultrasonographic investigation demonstrated solitary SOL in the liver. The patient underwent a total gastrectomy and lower esophagectomy by an abdominal approach. As ultrasonographic evaluation during laparotomy revealed multiple liver metastases, a hepatic artery infusion catheter was inserted into the proper hepatic artery. A pathological study of the resected esophagus and a biopsy specimen of the liver revealed undifferentiated cell carcinoma of the esophagus (small-cell type). During hospitalization, hepatic artery infusion therapy (CDDP 20 mg/4 h and 5-FU 750 mg/5 h) was given for 4 days starting on days 14 and 28. After chemotherapy, liver metastasis could not be detected by ultrasonographic investigation. At the outpatient clinic bi-weekly hepatic artery infusion of 5-FU (1,500 mg/body/5 h) was continued for 30 months. The patient is alive 48 months after surgery without any evidence of recurrence.

Aged↗

PubMed2001

[A case of advanced gastric cancer with multiple liver metastases partially responding to combination intra-arterial chemotherapy via the hepatic artery and abdominal aorta].

A 57-year-old female diagnosed with advanced gastric cancer with multiple organ metastases was treated by various intra-arterial chemotherapies. After surgical resection of the tumor, adjuvant chemotherapy was carried out. Continuously administered 5-fluorouracil of 250 mg/day made it possible to control the growth of the liver metastases. Extrahepatic metastases were kept under control by administering 30 mg of methotrexate, 750 mg of 5-fluorouracil and 30 mg of Leucovorin per/day/week, and 60 mg/day biweekly of cisplatinum via an abdominal artery infusion port. Owing to this multiple infusion route and chemotherapy regimen, the patient lived for 18 months after her first diagnosis of gastric cancer with multiple liver metastases. Although liver metastases may respond to hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy, extrahepatic metastases lead to poor prognosis. Given the above results, intra-abdominal aorta chemotherapy may be effective for extrahepatic metastases since this method gives high concentration of the anticancer agents at tumor sites with a low incidence of side effects.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗

PubMed2001

[Pharmacokinetics of "subselective" arterial infusion chemotherapy].

Arterial infusion chemotherapy is mainly used for lymph node and peritoneal metastases. Generally, it is said that the concentration of a drug in abdominal organs is higher with arterial infusion chemotherapy than that with systemic chemotherapy. In this study, the pharmacokinetics of arterial infusion chemotherapy for a patient who had an arterial infusion port for lymph node metastasis and peritoneal metastasis, and a hepatic arterial infusion port for liver metastasis, was evaluated. Sequential arterial infusion chemotherapy with methotrexate (MTX) and 5-FU was given. One hundred mg of methotrexate (MTX) was infused over 20 minutes into the aorta, followed by 750 mg of 5-FU over 10 minutes 2 hours later. Blood samples from a peripheral vein and hepatic artery were collected at 10, 20 and 125 minutes from the beginning of the arterial infusion chemotherapy. Then the serum concentration of MTX and 5-FU was examined. The serum concentration of MTX in the hepatic artery was 1.4 to 2.3 times higher than that in peripheral venous blood. The serum concentration of 5-FU in the hepatic artery was 4.9 to 6.0 times higher than that in peripheral venous blood. The serum concentration of drug in abdominal organ was higher with arterial infusion chemotherapy than with systemic chemotherapy. It would thus seem that the effect of arterial infusion chemotherapy is higher than that of systemic chemotherapy.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗

PubMed2001

[Clinical significance of measurement of urinary leukotriene E4 in asthmatic patients without attack].

To evaluate clinical significance of measurement of urinary leukotriene E4 (LTE4) in asthmatic patients without attack, we measured urinary LTE4 in 68 asthmatic patients without attack and investigated its correlation with severity of asthma, % FEV1, bronchial hyperresponsiveness and peripheral eosinophil counts. Values of urinary LTE4 were significantly higher in the asthmatic patients (113.6 +/- 9.7 pg/mg.cr) than in healthy control subjects (67.8 +/- 4.7, n = 31), and the level of urinary LTE4 was in proportion to the severity of disease. Urinary LTE4 showed significant negative correlation with % FEV1 in atopic patients (Rs = -0.43, p = 0.025, n = 28), which was not recognized in non-atopic patients. Urinary LTE4 showed no significant correlation with bronchial hyperresponsiveness and peripheral eosinophil counts. Our findings suggested that basal LTE4 in urine reflected chronic airway inflammation of asthma.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

The Frank Stinchfield Award: Morphologic features of the acetabulum and femur: anteversion angle and implant positioning.

Morphologic features of the hips, in particular those features germane to determination of acetabular and femoral anteversion angles and femoral head offset, were studied in 50 male and 50 female human skeletons with bilateral normal joints. Four distinct configurations were identified relative to the anterior acetabular ridge. The majority (121, 60.5%) were curved; 51 (25.5%) were angular; 19 (9.5%) were irregular; and nine (4.5%) were straight. The acetabular anteversion angle measured 19.9 degrees +/- 6.6 degrees (range, 7 degrees-42 degrees) and was significantly larger in females (21.3 degrees +/- 7.1 degrees) versus males (18.5 degrees +/- 5.8 degrees). The notch acetabular angle, which can be identified easily intraoperatively, was defined as the angle created at the intersection of a line from the sciatic notch along the posterior acetabular ridge and a line from the posterior to the anterior acetabular wall. This angle is almost perpendicular (89.0 degrees +/- 3.5 degrees) and, therefore, may provide an accurate estimate of acetabular anteversion during cup placement. Awareness of the anatomic differences between genders for acetabular anteversion angle, anterolateral bowing of the femur, and neck shaft angle may help reduce the relatively higher incidence of dislocation in females and may lead to different implant designs for male and female patients.

Acetabulum↗

PubMed2001

A novel function of extraerythrocytic hemoglobin: identification of globin as a stimulant of plasminogen activator biosynthesis in human fibroblasts.

Following wounding, the surrounding fibroblasts migrate towards the clotted blood in the wounded space to form granulation tissue resulting in wound repair. One of the most abundant proteins in the wound is hemoglobin (Hb). The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of Hb on fibroblasts in producing components of the plasminogen-plasmin system which play an important role in wound healing. Human Hb A0 added to cultures of human fibroblasts elicited a dose-dependent increase in fibrinolytic activity. ELISA demonstrated an increased fibrinolytic activity due to increased urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA). An increase in tissue-type PA was also detected, while the type-I PA inhibitor level remained unaffected. Globin showed a similar effect, while hemin and protoporphyrin IX exerted no effect. The influence of Hb was quenched when haptoglobin was added. Although northern blot analysis revealed no difference in uPA transcripts between stimulated and non-stimulated cells, immunoprecipitation experiments confirmed an increased uPA synthesis in Hb- and globin-treated cells, suggesting that enhanced expression is achieved through translational regulation. These findings suggest a potential role for globin in modulating cellular functions during the process of wound healing.

Cells, Cultured↗

PubMed2001

[A case of multiple emphysematous bullae treated with living-donor lung transplantation from identical twin brothers].

A 30-year-old man with multiple emphysematous bullae and bronchiectasis was admitted to Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University Hospital because of exertional dyspnea and fever. His chest radiograph and CT scan revealed multiple large bullae in the right lung and infiltrative shadows in the left middle lung field. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated from his sputum culture. Although standard therapies including various antibiotics were administered, his respiratory condition was exacerbated, accompanied with the enlargement of bullae in the right lung and the consequent shift of the mediastinum to the left. The patient and his family proposed lung transplantation, and we concluded that lung transplantation would be an appropriate treatment for his disease. We transported the patient to Osaka University Hospital. Living-donor lung transplantation from the patient's identical twin brothers was successfully performed.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

[A case of polymyositis complicated with pulmonary tuberculosis concerned with steroid resistance due to rifampin administration].

A 63-year-old woman in whom polymyositis had been diagnosed since 1994 was treated with ten mg of prednisolone. In 1998, she contracted pulmonary tuberculosis simultaneously with acute exacerbation of the polymyositis. The polymyositis was then treated with 40 mg of prednisolone, and the pulmonary tuberculosis, with isoniazid (INH), rifampin (RFP) and ethambutol (EB). However, the polymyositis was worsening, possibly because the administration of RFP had induced steroid resistance. Because of this, a large amount of steroid was considered necessary for the treatment of the polymyositis (PSL 80 mg/day). An additional administration of cyclosporine (CyA) made possible a decrease in the amount of steroid given. RFP has a potency to induce the enzyme p450, which has the effect of metabolizing steroids or CyA, thus shortening the half-life of these agents. When a case of polymyositis is superimposed with pulmonary tuberculosis, it should be remembered that RFP may shorten the half-life of any steroid or CyA that is administered as treatment.

Antibiotics, Antitubercular↗

PubMed2000

Immunolocalization of p38 MAP kinase in mouse brain.

p38 has been implicated to play a critical role in regulating apoptosis in PC12 and cerebellar granule cells, and is inactivated in cultured fetal neurons in response to insulin. Though p38 is activated in microglia after ischemia, the physiological functions of p38 in the brain are not well understood. As a first step to elucidate the physiological functions of p38 in the central nervous system, we raised a polyclonal antibody against p38 and performed immunohistochemical examination to demonstrate the localization of p38 in mouse brain. Strong p38 immunoreactivity was apparent in fiber bundles including the olfactory tract, anterior commissure, corpus callosum, cingulum, internal capsule, stria terminalis, fimbria and alveus hippocampi, fornix, stria medullaris, optic chiasm and optic tract. Although similar regions were stained with both anti-p38 and anti-neurofilament antibodies, intense p38 immunoreactivity was often observed in myelin sheath-like structures but not in axons. This is the first demonstration of the localization of p38 in the central nervous system and provides an anatomical basis for understanding physiological roles of p38.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

Crystal structures of the transposon Tn5-carried bleomycin resistance determinant uncomplexed and complexed with bleomycin.

The transposon Tn5 carries a gene designated ble that confers resistance to bleomycin (Bm). In this study, we determined the x-ray crystal structures of the ble gene product, designated BLMT, uncomplexed and complexed with Bm at 1.7 and 2.5 A resolution, respectively. The structure of BLMT is a dimer with two Bm-binding pockets composed of two large concavities and two long grooves. This crystal structure of BLMT complexed with Bm gives a precise mode for binding of the antibiotic to BLMT. The conformational change of BLMT generated by binding to Bm occurs at a beta-turn composed of the residues from Gln(97) to Thr(102). Crystallographic analysis of Bm bound to BLMT shows that two thiazolium rings of the bithiazole moiety are in the trans conformation. The axial ligand, which binds a metal ion, seems to be the primary amine in the beta-aminoalanine moiety. This report, which is the first with regard to the x-ray crystal structure of Bm, shows that the bithiazole moiety of Bm is far from the metal-binding domain. That is, Bm complexed with BLMT takes a more extended form than the drug complexed with DNA.

Acetyltransferases↗

PubMed2000

Cloning of differentially expressed sequence tags from nickel-transformed human embryonic lung cells.

Differential display polymerase chain reaction (DD-PCR) was used to analyze the differentially expressed genes from nickel-transformed human embryonic lung (HEL) cells (MRC-9 and IMR-90) and their control counterparts (non-treated). Two genes, MS515 and IC82, were confirmed by Northern blot analysis. MS515 was detected in control and nickel oxide (NiO)-transformed MRC-9 cells, as well as in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) EBC-1 cells, while very weak expression was observed in nickel subsulfide (Ni(3)S(2))-transformed MRC-9 cells and small cell lung cancer (SCLC) SBC-2 cells. IC82 could not be detected in control IMR-90 cells, while it was expressed in EBC-1 cells and NiO- and Ni(3)S(2)-transformed IMR-90 cells. These findings indicate that individual nickel compounds have their own target gene(s) in inducing lung cancer. Sequencing analyses showed that the MS515 gene shared a high degree of homology (over 80%) with the gene Mena, which is involved in actin polymerization. IC82 showed 99% homology with human chromosome 4 clone C0440E08 and a coding sequence in the brain. The roles of these two genes in nickel carcinogenesis will be discussed.

Base Sequence↗

PubMed2000

Activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase is crucial in osteoclastogenesis induced by tumor necrosis factor.

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) induces osteoclast differentiation from bone marrow cells in the presence of macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Treatment of bone marrow cells with SB203580 but not PD98059 inhibited TNF-induced osteoclast differentiation. In RAW264 cells which differentiate into osteoclast-like multinucleated cells by TNF treatment alone, activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase induced by murine TNF was comparable to and independent of the receptor activator of necrosis factor-kappaB ligand. Moreover, the number of multinucleated osteoclasts induced by TNF in bone marrow cell cultures derived from p38 MAP kinase gene deficient mice was significantly less than that from control mice. These results indicate that the p38 MAP kinase pathway plays a crucial role in TNF-mediated osteoclast differentiation.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

Memory B-cell persistence is independent of persisting immunizing antigen.

Immunological memory in the antibody system is generated in T-cell-dependent responses and carried by long-lived memory B cells that recognize antigen by high-affinity antibodies. But it remains controversial whether these B cells represent true 'memory' cells (that is, their maintenance is independent of the immunizing antigen), or whether they are a product of a chronic immune response driven by the immunizing antigen, which can be retained in the organism for extended time periods on the surface of specialized antigen-presenting cells (follicular dendritic cells). Cell transfer experiments provided evidence in favour of a role of the immunizing antigen; however, analysis of memory cells in intact animals, which showed that these cells are mostly resting and can persist in the absence of detectable T-cell help or follicular dendritic cells, argued against it. Here we show, by using a genetic switch mediated by Cre recombinase, that memory B cells switching their antibody specificity away from the immunizing antigen are indeed maintained in the animal over long periods of time, similar to cells retaining their original antigen-binding specificity.

Alleles↗

PubMed2000

Shocks and curvature dynamics: A test of global kinetic faceting in crystals

We investigate the microscopic mechanisms underlying the dynamical faceting of crystals. Partially faceted crystal shapes of CCl4 are formed from a melt contained in a Bridgman apparatus and pressure is used to control growth which is observed using optical microscopy. In contrast to predictions of models in which the local interfacial motion is greatest where the step density is the highest, the loss of rough orientations is observed to occur via a local decrease in curvature which results in the formation of discontinuities-shocks-in the surface of the growth forms, a feature predicted by a recent theory of kinetic faceting.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2000

Stimulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone-mediated adrenocorticotropin secretion by central administration of prolactin-releasing peptide in rats.

Prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP) is a recently isolated hypothalamic peptide which is an endogenous ligand to an orphan receptor. We previously demonstrated that PrRP neurons are widely distributed throughout the rat brain and suggested that PrRP may have important functions in the central nervous system. To analyze the function of PrRP, we studied the effect of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) PrRP administration on c-Fos protein accumulation in the rat brain. The results clearly indicated that c-Fos protein accumulation was dramatically increased in the nuclei of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)-positive parvocellular neurosecretory cells in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN). We also demonstrated synapse-like contact between PrRP neurons and CRH cell bodies in the PVN, which suggests that PrRP31 has some effect on CRH secretion. We therefore investigated the effect of i.c.v. administration of PrRP31 on the CRH-mediated increase in adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) levels, and found that plasma ACTH levels were indeed increased by i.c.v. PrRP31. In addition, animals pre-treated with intravenous alpha-helical CRH, a potent CRH antagonist, showed attenuated plasma ACTH responses after i.c.v. PrRP31 administration. These results strongly suggest that PrRP affects the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗