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Biomedical subjects

M Martinelli

Publications and source records attributed to M Martinelli.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Creatine kinase and myoglobin determination in myocardial infarction (determination of infant size).

In order to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic importance of serum myoglobin (Mb) determination during acute myocardial infarction (AMI) we determined the time of first rise of both CK and Mb, that is the time in hours between the onset of pain and the last normal myoglobin and enzyme determination (TFR for Mb = 2.2 +/- 1.5 h; TFR for CK = 4.0 +/- 2.5 h). We also attempted to evaluate infarct size by mathematical analysis of the serum concentrations of Mb. The average percentage difference between the infarct size calculated from the CK concentrations and Mb concentrations was 35.8 +/- 35.2%. The results show that the determination of serum myoglobin is a useful and sensitive test for the early diagnosis of AML. On the other hand, the serum myoglobin cannot be utilized to evaluate infarct size. The main limitation in the determination of infarct size from the serum Mb concentrations lies in the extreme variability of the disappearance rate (Kd), mainly resulting from the renal elimination of the substance.

Clinical Enzyme Tests↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Acute lumbago due to the manual lifting of patients in wards: prevalence and incidence data].

The aim of the study was to measure the occurrence (prevalence and incidence) of episodes of acute low back pain (definite effect) in a wide sample of health workers assisting disabled patients. A questionnaire was used for the study both of true acute low back pain and of episodes of ingravescent low back pain controlled pharmacologically at the onset. The questionnaire identified overall acute and pharmacologically controlled episodes occurring in the previous 12 months, both in the course of work and over the whole life of the subject. Appropriately trained operators administered the questionnaire to 551 subjects; 481 valid answer cards were obtained from 372 females and 109 males working in medical, orthopaedic and geriatric departments. 75.4% of the sample had high exposure index levels for patient lifting. The prevalence of true acute low back pain was 9% in males and 11% in females referred to the previous 12 months. Taking acute true and pharmacologically controlled low back pain together the prevalences rose to 13.8% for males and 26.9% in females. Data from the reference populations showed that acute low back pain did not exceed 3% on average in the previous year. Since work seniority in the hospital wards was known, the incidences were calculated, giving 7.9% in females and 5.29% in males for acute low back pain, and 19% in females and 3.49% in males for pharmacologically controlled low back pain. Considering the number of episodes in 100 workers/year, acute low back pain alone reached prevalences of 13-14%. This therefore appears to confirm the positive ratio between episodes of low back pain and duties involving assistance to disabled patients.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Heart rate differences between targets and non targets in intuition tasks.

This study reports the results of one experiment and a replication, aimed at investigating heart rate changes related to a pure intuition task. In each experiment, twelve subjects were required to guess which of the four pictures presented in sequence for about 10 seconds, was the target. Each subject performed 20 trials. In each trial the target was automatically selected using a pseudo-random algorithm. Heart rate was recorded (see Method section for details) during the pictures presentation. In the first experiment, a statistical significant increment of heart rate associated to targets with respect non targets was observed. The replication experiment with new twelve subjects confirmed the data obtained in the main experiment. These findings support the hypothesis that heart rate is related not only to overt but also to covert cognitive activity such as that involved in intuition tasks, giving convergent evidence to the models describing our intuitive cognitive activity as a double, partial independent information processing system.

Adult↗
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Acute antihypertensive, diuretic and metabolic effects of etozolin and chlorthalidone.

Etozolin, a new diuretic agent, has shown a dose-dependent diuretic and saluretic effect in both experimental and clinical studies. Etoxolin, when compared to furosemide or thiazides, exerts a similar effect on urinary excretion of water and Na+, but induces a lower urinary K+ and Cl- excretion and a smaller activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Furthermore, the E series of the prostaglandin system seems to play a role in the mechanism of action of the drug. Seven uncomplicated hypertensive patients were included in this double blind, placebo controlled study, according to a latin square design. Each patient received three single oral doses of etozolin (200 mg, 400 mg, 600 mg), of chlorthalidone (25 mg, 50 mg, 75 mg) and one dose of placebo. Etozolin and chlorthalidone caused a similar, dose-dependent antihypertensive and diuretic effect. However, several haemodynamic and metabolic differences were observed between the two drugs. Etozolin, unlike chlorthalidone, caused no increase of heart rate, no decrease of serum K+ levels and a marked rise plasma PGE2. Moreover, etozolin caused a significantly smaller decrease of serum Na levels compared to chlorthalidone, and a significantly lower increase of supine and standing PRA, of plasma aldosterone and of the urinary excretion of Na and K. These results confirm that the acute antihypertensive and diuretic activity of etozolin occur with little involvement of the RAA system and with a significant but still unclear activation of the prostaglandin system.

Antihypertensive Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Unusual pelvic pathology treated with posterior sagittal anorectoplasty].

Posterior sagittal approach is very useful for the correction of anorectal malformations, but it can be used also for the treatment of pelvic or perineal masses. The authors present 3 patients affected one by a perineal hamartoma, one by a rectal duplication and one by a retrorectal cystic teratoma. All the patients were treated following the PSARP technique, using the Penã's bipolar electro-stimulator just in order to respect all the muscles of the anorectal sphincters. Using this procedure the authors were able to preserve the full anorectal continence in all the 3 patients.

Anus Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Retroperitoneal teratoma. Description of a case].

The Authors describe a case of asymptomatic retroperitoneal teratoma discovered on a routine examination in a six year-old male. Diagnosis was made pre-operatively on the base of CT scan imaging. Surgery allowed radical excision of the teratoma, which turned to be a totally benign entity.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Cardiovascular and respiratory reflex responses due to stimulation of muscle nerve receptors and experimental physical exercise].

The cardiovascular and respiratory reflex effects brought on by the infection into the femoral artery of bradyquinine and of hypertonic sodium chloride solutions and by rhythmic muscular work and muscular work of tetanic type induced by low and high frequency electrostimulation in the muscles have been investigated in the rear extremity anaesthetized rabbits. Intra-arterial injection of bradyquinine and rhythmic muscular contractions trigger off cardiovascular reflux effects of inhibitory type represented by a reduction in arterial pressure, heart frequency and vascular resistances of the rear extremity controlateral to the one stimulated. Intra-arterial injection of hypertonic NaCl and tetanic contractions cause opposite effects, namely of decidedly excitatory type. Such responses are not substantially altered by complete removal of the skin layer of the stimulated extremity. The neuromuscular block obtained with curare-like substances does not affect chemical stimulation responses, whereas it eliminates similar effects caused by experimental muscular work. The experiments carried out show that injection into the muscular arteries of chemical agents of various type produces varying cardiovascular reflex effects as a result of activation of chemosensitive nervous receptors located in the muscular tissue, and also that during physical exercise similar reflex modifications are produced, very probably caused by stimulation of receptors present in the contracting muscles.

Animals↗