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Biomedical subjects

M Martin

Publications and source records attributed to M Martin.

At least 973 records · Page 54Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

The bureaucrat. The taming of the DHEW.

America's dim view of the bureaucrat needs reassessment because professional standards review organizations (PSROs) and national health insurance will increase the amount of contact between physician and bureaucrat. Inevitable conflict between The Organization and the physician is aggravated by the government-business adversary relationship based on constitutionalism. With more public funds, the budget-based health institution may acquire more of the characteristics of bureaucracy. For better understanding, the bureaucrat is described, and his main types and natural history outlined. Contrasts between business and government as revealed by interchange of executives are reported. Remedies for better interaction are suggested, including liaison groups and use of the apolitical, career bureaucrat. Rules for dealing with bureaucracies are listed, including The Constituent's Letter.

Decision Making↗
PubMed1975

Intrarenal distribution of citrate in the dog during antidiuresis and diuresis.

The intrarenal distribution of citrate was evaluated in the dog during antidiuresis and osmotic diuresis, by using the specific citrate assay method of Moellering and Gruber. The measurements were made on tissue samples taken from four different regions throughout the kidney: cortex, outer and inner medulla, and papilla. During antidiuresis, a characteristic distribution of citrate was observed with highest levels in the papilla and lowest ones in the outer medulla. A medullary concentration gradient for citrate was found. Mannitol greatly decreased papillary citrate and sodium, but no changes in outer and inner medullary citrate occured. The results could not be explained by the citrate contained either in the trapped urine or blood in the tissue. It is suggested that citrate accumulation in the inner regions of renal medulla may be accounted for by countercurrent mechanisms or regional differences in renal citrate metabolism.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Streptokinase stability pattern during storage in various solvents and at different tempertures.

The activity drop of 5 u streptiokinasewas measured in 1 ml each of various solutions (9.9% NaCl solution, 5% glucose solution, 5% levulose solution, 10% dextran solution, gelatin solution, 3% albumin solution, michaelis buffer, glucose (5%)-heparin (750 u/ml) solution) at different incubation temperatures (-20 degrees C, 4 DEGREES C, 20 DEGREES C, 37 DEGREES C), and over different observations periods (15 min, 30 min, 45 min, 60 min, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h). Solution media tested for streptodinase-protecting quality were broken down into three groups. Group I: Solvents displaying excellent stabilizing properties gelatin and albumin solutions). Group II: Solvents displaying medium stabilizing properties (dextran and levulose solutions). Group III: Solvents displaying poor stabilizing properties (NaCl and glucose solutions, Michaelis buffer). In testing streptokinase concentrations as used for therapeutic purposes (1500 u/ml, 50,000 u/ml), no decay was found to take place over observation periods of up to 48 h, and no invluence by different solvents (Group I. II or III) was traceable. Heparin stored with streptokinase at room temperature over a period of 48 h did not alteranisms concerning the stability pattern of striptokinase are discussed. It appears that low streptokinase concentrations need negatively chargedcolloids to keep the protein structure intact. The streptokinase-protecting macro-molecules tested so far were albumin, gelatin, and streptokinase. Obviously, streptokinase by itself was able to preserve its own stability provided its concentration was of a certain order magnitude (1500 u/ml, 50,000 u/ml) .

Buffers↗
PubMed1975

Empirical quantum chemical approach to structure-gas chromatographic retention index relationship. I. Sterol acetates.

It has been found possible to correlate chromatographic retention parameters directly with molecular electronic structure by means of a linear relationship. The empirical parameters used are total energy and localized charge, calculated by the method of Del Re. They are deduced directly from the molecular structure and they permit the retention index to be calculated theoretically with an acceptable error.

Acetates↗
PubMed1975

Detection of hypertension. Blood pressure determination in outpatient clinics of medical school-affiliated training programs.

We evaluated past medical records and conducted a hypertension screening program in the outpatient clinic of a university hospital, a community hospital, and a city hospital, with the aid of specially trained high school students under the direction of a cardiovascular nurse. Fifty-one percent of the adult black outpatients had elevations of arterial blood pressure; one half of these patients were aware of a history of hypertension. Analysis of the clinic records showed that many patients who had made multiple visits to the clinic had never had a blood pressure recorded in their charts. If progress is to be made in the detection of hypertension, blood pressures must be routinely determined. This should be incorporated into all clinic routines, particularly in clinics staffed by physicians-in-training.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[Metabolism and in vitro binding of several organochlorine and organophosphate pesticides to calf thymus DNA and rat liver microsomal proteins].

The organophosphorus insecticide ethyl-parathion was transformed by rat liver microsomes into metabolites which were bound to calf thymus DNA, in large amount. When the rats were treated by phenobarbital or 3-methylcholanthrene, the metabolite binding to DNA was increased two-fold. By contrast, in the same conditions, the organochlorine insecticides, aldrin, dieldrin and gamma hexachlorocyclohexane (lindane), did not yield metabolites able to bind to DNA and to proteins.

Aldrin↗
PubMed1975

Lp (a) blood types. Comparison of immunological testing with results of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

The results of serum beta-lipoproteins typing of 100 random human sera for Lp (a) antigen by the standard immunological method were compared with those of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis which may detect an Lp (a) band migrating more slowly than the bulk of LDL. This band was found in all the 33 Lp (a+) but also in 9 of the 67 Lp (a-) sera examined.

Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel↗
PubMed1975

Comparative effect of phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthrene on azo dye metabolism in rat liver. II. In vivo binding of metabolites to cellular macromolecules.

The binding of 4-dimethylaminoazobenzene (DAB) metabolites to liver total protein and nuclear DNA was studied in rats pretreated with phenobarbital (PB) or 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC), then fed with a (-14C)DAB diet (0.06%) for 3 days. Three consecutive injections of PB (80mg-kg) led to a 50% decrease of DAB metabolites bound to total protein and nuclear DNA. A single injection of 3-MC(20 mg-kg) roughly doubled the amount of metabolites bound to nuclear DNA but did not modify those bound to protein. When given in the diet (0.005%) for 8 days before the (-14C)-DAB diet, 3-MC did not change the amount of DAB metabolites bound either to protein, or to DNA. The opposite effect of PB and 3-MC injections on azodye binding to cellular constituents might be relevant to the action of these drugs on carcinogenesis. Moreover the route of 3-MC administration might be meaningful since DAB metabolite binding to DNA was only increased by intraperitoneal injection.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1975

Comparative effect of phenobarbital and 3-methyl-cholanthrene on azodye metabolism in rat liver. I. In vitro studies on detoxication and activation processes.

The effect of phenobarbital (PB) and 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC) administration on detoxication and activation of the carcinogenic azodye 4-dimethyl-aminoazobenzene (DAB) was studies in rat liver microsomes. Azoreductase activity and in vitro DAB metabolite binding to calf thymus DNA and microsomal protein were simultaneously determined. Pretreatment of rats with 3 daily injections of PB (80 mg/kg) did not significantly modify azoreductase activity by increased DAB metabolite binding to DNA (+ 67%) and to protein (+ 123%). The effect of 3-MC differed according to the route of administration. When it was given intraperitoneally (1 times 20 mg/kg)azoreductase was not modified and DAB metabolite binding to DNA and to protein was eight-fold enhance. After continuous administration of 3-MC in the diet (3.0 MG/KG/DAY)AZOREDUCTASE ACTIVITY WAS DECREASED (MINUS 40%), DAB metabolite binding to DNA was unchanged and DAB metabolite binding to protein tripled. Thus the balance between the formation of DAB metabolites bound to DNA and azoreduction led to an increased activation/reduction ratio only by 3-MC injection. In every case, the formation of DAB metabolites bound to protein was significantly increased as compared with detoxication. Different effects of PB and 3-MC were discussed with reference to the synthesis of distinct cytochromes.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Posttranscriptional selection of simian virus 40-specific RNA.

Analysis of the viral-specific RNA in simian virus 40(SV40)-infected monkey kidney cells indicated the extensive transcription of both DNA strands. These symmetrically transcribed sequences were localized in the nucleus of infected cells, whereas only the "true" early and late SV40 transcripts were found in the cytoplasm. These results suggest that selective posttranscriptional degradation and/or transport occurs after transcription of the viral DNA. On the basis of hybridization experiments with cytoplasmic RNA and the separated strands of the SV40 Hin fragments, the early SV40 region appears to include all of Hin fragments A, H, I, and B (48% of the genome), whereas the late region is represented in Hin fragments C, D, E, K, F, J, and G (52% of the genome).

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Oblique oval deformation of the upper dental arch and arciform deviation of the face in unilateral cleft lip].

Abnormal muscular equilibrium due to unilateral cleft-lip is responsable for deviation of the center of the face and of the outline of the upper lip towards the healthy side. This deviation is constant but is variable in intensity. By taking precautions in the neonate it can be attenuated, particularly by orientation of the bottle. The degree of perfection of muscular suturing in the region of the nasal threshold is the basis of reestablishment of early normal muscular equilibrium. The quality of the primary treatment decreases the degree of importance of facial sequelae but risks aggravating the contraction of the upper lip if not followed-up pre- and post-operatively with orthodontic treatment.

Cleft Lip↗
PubMed1975

[Intrarenal distribution of calcium and magnesium in the dog. Effect of an osmotic diuresis (author's transl)].

1 The determination of Na, Ca, Mg, and K concentrations was performed in four different regions of the dog kidney (cortex, outer medulla, inner medulla, and papilla) during antidiuresis and during an osmotic diuresis. 2 The results show a medullary concentration gradient for calcium. This gradient is much higher than that found for sodium. 3 An inverse concentration gradient from cortex to inner medulla for Mg and K is found. 4 An osmotic diuresis (hypertonic mannitol) decreases the corticomedullary gradient of Na, but does not alter significantly the intrarenal distribution of Ca, Mg and K. 5 These results consistent with an intracellular localization of Mg and K in the renal tissue. It is suggested that the medullary concentration gradient for Ca may be due either to a countercurrent multiplier system similar to that for Na, or to a higher tissular fixation of Ca in the inner medulla and papilla than in the outer medulla and cortex.

Animals↗