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Biomedical subjects

M Martell

Publications and source records attributed to M Martell.

47 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Early postnatal growth evaluation in full-term, preterm and small-for-dates infants.

Postnatal growth patterns of weight, length/height and head circumference in full-term (FTI), preterm (PTI) and small-for-dates (SFDI) infants, are described by using distance and velocity data together with the concept of growth per unit of body weight. The study was performed in 112 healthy Caucasian infants, of a similar socioeconomic status, in Montevideo, Uruguay. Median growth velocity (MGV) and median growth velocity per unit (MGVU) of body size are defined. The authors stress that: (a) growth velocity is related to body mass, (b) a useful evaluation of growth is made by using two consecutive measures with a certain time interval independently of birthweight and gestational age, and (c) expressing growth per day per unit relates well to daily nutritional and other requirements.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1976

Blood acid-base balance at birth in neonates from labors with early and late rupture of membranes.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the early artificial rupture of the amniotic membranes performed to shorten the duration of an otherwise normal labor and delivery might have potentially deleterious effects on the fetus that would be reflected in the neonate. In 38 infants delivered at term, acid-base balances and O2 and CO2 pressures were obtained in umbilical arterial and venous blood at birth, prior to the first inspiration. For the purpose of the study the infants were divided into two groups: group I infants were born after a normal labor in which the amniotic membranes were permitted to rupture spontaneously at full cervical dilatation; group II infants were born after a labor in which the membranes were ruptured artificially when cervical dilatation was 4 to 5 cm. There was no evidence of fetal distress, and all infants were vigorous at birth. The pH of umbilical venous blood was greater in the group with late rupture of the membranes (fiftieth percentile [P50] = 7.36) than in those born after early amniotomy (P50 = 7.30) (p less than 0.01). The pH values of umbilical arterial blood were also higher in the group I infants (P50 = 7.31) than in those born after amniotomy (P50 = 7.25)(p less than 0.025). These differences were also observed in the 19 neonates in whom the cord was not encircled around the neck at the time of birth. The PCO2 in umbilical venous blood was less, and the hemoglobin saturation was greater (P less than 0.05) in group I infants than in those of group II. It is possible that the influence of early amniotomy on fetal pH may be deleterious in infants born after high-risk pregnancies in which the uteroplacental circulation is impaired.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Congenital malformations in diabetic offspring.

A retrospective study of 215 deliveries in diabetic mothers at Hospital de Clínicas (Montevideo, Uruguay) has been performed. Presence of congenital malformations (CM) was considered in relation to age of the mothers, class of maternal diabetes, maternal angiopathy, treatment and metabolic control. The prevalence of CM in the series was 9.8%. None of the factors analyzed seems to be statistically linked to the prevalence of CM.

Congenital Abnormalities↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Lactose malabsorption and intolerance in Uruguayan population by breath hydrogen test (H2).

This study of 200 Uruguayans between 0 and 86 years old was designed to determine the prevalence of lactose malabsorption. Lactose intolerance is defined as a clinical syndrome of abdominal pain, diarrhea, flatulence, and bloating after the ingestion of a standard lactose tolerance test dose (2 g of lactose per kilogram of body weight or 50 g/m2 of body surface area, maximum 50 g in a 20% water solution). Lactose malabsorption refers to the state in which dietary lactose remains unhydrolyzed and subsequently unabsorbed from the gastrointestinal tract; symptoms may or may not result from lactose malabsorption. The technique of breath hydrogen (H2) was used after ingestion of 2 g/kg body weight to a maximum of 50 g in a 20% solution. There was no lactose malabsorption in children younger than 5 years old. The prevalence increases progressively after the age of 5, and in adolescence the percentage of malabsorption is similar to that in adults, who show 65% lactose malabsorption, with 25% asymptomatic and 40% intolerant. In 109 white adults, the prevalence of lactose malabsorption is 63%, with 24% asymptomatic and 39% intolerant. In 11 black adults, lactose malabsorption is 82%, with 27% asymptomatic and 55% intolerant. The difference between white and black adults is statistically significant (p less than 0.05). The H2 test is simple, reliable, noninvasive, and appropriate to study large populations.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Serologic diagnosis of human leptospirosis with 3 variants of the passive hemagglutination technique].

A serological study was conducted to evaluate 3 variants of the positive hemagglutination technique (HA) with the use of formalized erythrocytes of fresh lamb (HC) and of formalized Type O, Rh-negative human red blood cells (HH). No significant statistical difference were found between the results of HA and HC and between HC and HH. Unspecific reaction was only observed in 2 of the 200 sera studied by HH and HC. Heterophil antibodies were just observed in 2.5% of the sera studied by HH, and in 100% of the sera studied by HC. The qualitative parameters were determined for the variants used, and this way the repetition and reproducibility of the most useful variant was evaluated.

Hemagglutination Tests↗