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Biomedical subjects

M Marshall

Publications and source records attributed to M Marshall.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Impact of mental disorders upon elderly American Indians as reflected in visits to ambulatory care facilities.

In order to assess the impact of mental health problems among elderly American Indians, a study was conducted on the utilization patterns of ambulatory care facilities by various age groups of Indians. Since most health care of Indians is rendered by the Indian Health Service (IHS), data obtained from IHS computer centers provided a reasonable index of disease patterns. Because the elderly have constituted such a small fraction of the Indian population, they have not heretofore received significant attention. However, their problems are rapidly increasing. By adjusting the frequency of visits according to population, an estimate of visit "rates" was made. These rates showed one visit for every 10 persons in the 0-44 age group, one for every 5 persons in the 45-54 age group, but only one visit for every 25 persons in the 65+ age group. Most of the visits by older Indians concerned "social" problems rather than "mental" disorders as such. These data provided information that should prove especially helpful in the design of social and health programs for elderly Indians.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Computer-simulated laboratory experiments in food science. II. Evaluation of the model in use.

Evidence obtained in this study indicates that computer simulations can be a successful method of teaching foods or can replace laboratory experiences. For nine of eleven attitudinal test items, students' attitudes became more positive concerning the value of the course in which computer simulations were used. On the achievement test, seventeen of the twenty-five questions revealed that significant learning (p of less than or equal to 0.05) occurred when the simulations were integrated into a foods course. These students seemed to do well and to like this method of instruction. The advantages of these computer simulations are that students can be motivated to learn and solve problems.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗
PubMed1979

[Artherogenesis. Experimental investigations on the pathogenesis of obliterating arteriopathies in mini-pigs (author's transl)].

The principal objective of our experiments was to obtain information on the initial processes involved in the pathogenesis of obliterating arteriopathies or arteriosclerosis. We thereby concentrate on the formal pathogenesis, which we intend to elucidate by discussing the basic data and with preliminary radioimmunoassay examinations using angiopathy-models on the mini-pig. Very early in artherogenesis, an adhesion of thrombocytes in viscous metamorphose to the apparently intact arterial walls is always detectable and is followed by the formation of an intima-plaque.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Induction of chronic diabetes by streptozotocin in the miniature pig.

The rapid i.v. injection of 60 mg streptozotocin/kg body weight 8 days after an initial dose of 30 mg/kg was the best method to produce a distinct insulin-deficient diabetes in minipigs. Even in the absence of any therapy the further course of this diabetes remained stable without tending to exhibit ketoacidosis. Besides hyperglycaemia and the loss of insulin response to glucose there was significant increase of triglycerides and a decrease of plasma albumin. In the oldest animals this diabetes has so far been observed for more than 3 years. Because of some special advantages this experimental diabetes could provide a useful model for studying diabetic angiopathies.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Ultrasonic doppler technique in angiology (author's transl)].

The ultrasonic Doppler technique is a simple, non-stressing and harmless method of angiological investigation requiring little time. Today it is considered to be the best-suited procedure among the non-invasive instrumental methods in angiological diagnosis. It provides well reproducible data with regard to peripheral arterial blood flow and highly valuable information on functional conditions in the area of carotid flow and in the iliofemoral venous system. This method can be recommended unreservedly for use in general practice as well.

Arterial Occlusive Diseases↗
PubMed1979

Cecil urethroplasty with concurrent scrotoplasty for repair of hypospadias.

During 13 years about 8 per cent of 234 patients operated upon for hypospadias presented surgical problems of reconstruction of the urethra from the urethral meatus proximal to the penoscrotal junction. These cases commonly are referred to as perineal or penoscrotal hypospadias. The problem occurs when the urethral groove fails to develop adequately and the scrotal folds have failed to rotate caudally. This hypospadias is in contrast to penoscrotal or distal hypospadias, when the urethral groove is developed but fusion is incomplete. In these patients the Cecil procedure has been used but modified to extend the urethra from behind the penoscrotal junction to the glans at the second stage of the urethroplasty. The modification consists of rotating the scrotum caudally from its high location. The tension and acute angulation that contributed to frequent complications previously associated with such attempts have been avoided and results are satisfactory.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

The low- and high-temperature response of lithium fluoride dosemeters to X-rays.

The energy response of lithium fluoride (LiF) thermoluminescent dosemeters has been determined at two temperatures. Glow peaks 3,4, and 5 are measured at 240 degrees C and peaks 6 and 7 at 300 degrees C. In studying the response to X-radiation it was observed that the response of LiF chips to photons below 150 keV is greater, relative to cobalt-60, than that expected from the energy absorbed in the material. There is an enhancement of 10% at 240 degrees C and of about 100% at 300 degrees c for the same energy absorption. This effect is particularly important where precise measurement of X-ray dose is required and corrections of from 10 to 15% above the correction from rads in LiF to rads in water will be necessary depending upon the maximum read-out temperature. Qualitatively the enhancement may be explained in terms of the higher mean rate of linear energy transfer at low photon energies relative to cobalt-60 gamma rays.

Fluorides↗
PubMed1979

Computation of bremsstrahlung X-ray spectra and comparison with spectra measured with a Ge(Li) detector.

A method of computing theoretical X-ray spectra in the range 30-150 kV is presented. The theoretical spectra are compared with constant potential, high resolution spectra from a tungsten target measured with a Ge(Li) detector, for a range of target angles, tube voltage and filtrations. Above 100 kV the spectra were also measured with a NaI detector but, as there was good agreement between the Ge(Li) and NaI detectors, only the former are presented. Spectra computed using Kramers' theory are also included for comparison, giving fairly good agreement at large target angles (30 degrees) but becoming gradually worse as the target angle decreased. Spectra may be computed by this method for any desired filtration, target angle, and tube voltage between 30 and 150 kV, in excellent agreement with the measured data.

Mathematics↗
PubMed1979

[Plasma glucose, insulin and increased serum levels during continuous infusion of glucose in low dosages].

Metabolic reactions during long-time intravenous infusion of glucose in dosages according to basal energy requirements of man were investigated. Infusion of 0.2-0.4 g glucose/kg body weight/h led to the typical behaviour of blood glucose with an initial peak and a subsequent steady state. The steady state was dose-dependent and always higher than the starting value. Insulin always rose significantly with increasing scattering of the individual values with higher glucose loads. With 0.1 g glucose/kg/h, the steady state of blood glucose, after a minimal initial peak, was lower than the starting value, and no change of insulin in the peripheral venous blood could be observed. Free fatty acid levels initially always decreased, but rose again under low glucose loads (0.1 and 0.2g/kg/h). In all experiments, with an increase of insulin, a decrease of serum potassium was found. Sodium, calcium, bilirubin, creatinine and urea-N did not show any typical changes.

Adult↗