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Biomedical subjects

M Mariano

Publications and source records attributed to M Mariano.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Immune complex induced pancreatitis: effect of BN 52021, a selective antagonist of platelet-activating factor.

A model of acute pancreatitis was developed by induction of an immune complex mediated hypersensitivity reaction in rats. This acute inflammatory reaction was characterized by intense interstitial edema, neutrophil infiltration and margination, and congestion of small vessels whereas serum amylase levels remained unchanged. Microscopic examination of the pancreatic tissue revealed the presence of immune complex deposition around blood vessels and ducts. Vascular permeability, as measured by Evan's blue extravasation increased by 6 fold. In addition, circulating platelets dropped to 50% of normal levels. Injection of platelet-activating factor (PAF) in the peritoneal cavity of rats also produced an increase in vascular permeability in the pancreas. A selective PAF-antagonist, BN 52021 reduced by approximately 50% the increase in vascular permeability produced by immune complex in the pancreas as well as that elicited by intraperitoneal injection of PAF. These results suggest that PAF plays a role in the pathological manifestations of immune complex-mediated pancreatitis.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Bacteriuria following extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy of infection stones.

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy effectively pulverizes infected (struvite) renal calculi. However, after treatment minute residual fragments that may harbor bacteria and cause persistent bacteriuria remain in the renal collecting system for months. We investigated prospectively the incidence of persistent Proteus mirabilis bacteriuria after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy among 15 consecutive women with Proteus mirabilis urinary tract infections and struvite calculi. All patients received parenteral gentamicin for 3 to 8 days (mean 4.7 days) immediately before and after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. Oral antimicrobials then were administered for 14 to 34 days (mean 25 days). Ten patients have maintained a sterile urine or experienced urinary reinfection by other organisms during 8 to 19 months (mean 13 months) of subsequent bacteriological surveillance. Of these 10 patients 9 had residual fragments. Five patients had Proteus mirabilis bacteriuria after 1 to 7 months of surveillance, including 3 with residual fragments. The mean stone size, methods and duration of renal drainage procedures, and duration of antimicrobial therapy were similar for the 2 patient groups. Proteus mirabilis was isolated from the cultures of only 3 of 11 retrievable stone fragments. In contrast to intact infected renal calculi, residual stone fragments after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy often are susceptible to sterilization with antimicrobials.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

The IgM receptor in mouse peritoneal macrophages.

Purified samples of IgM free of IgG and alpha 2-macroglobulin contaminants were obtained from mice sera. Resident peritoneal mouse macrophages poorly phagocytose sheep red blood cells (E) sensitized with purified mouse IgM anti-E. Conversely 62.5% of thioglycollate-elicited macrophages and 10.11% of BCG stimulated peritoneal cells phagocytose IgM sensitized sheep red blood cells. The monomeric and polymeric forms of IgM blocked almost completely the phagocytosis of erythrocytes opsonized with homologous IgM molecules. These data clarifies the controversy concerning the homologous IgM receptor in mouse macrophages and further suggest that it may be used as a marker for macrophage stimulation or activation.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Serum antibody against Tamm-Horsfall protein in patients with renal cell carcinoma.

We assayed sera from 24 patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma for class specific antibody against urinary Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP) using indirect solid-phase radioimmunoassay techniques. Overall, 16 patients had elevated antibody levels (greater than 2 SD above the mean levels of control subjects). IgG against THP was elevated in eight of the patients, IgA in 12, and IgM in five. However, THP was not identifiable by immunohistochemical techniques in the sections of 15 of 24 tumors available for study. Nine of the 15 tumors were from patients with elevated antibody levels. Serum antibody against THP in patients with renal cell carcinoma appears to result from antigenic stimulation by THP derived from the urine rather than from the neoplasm.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Interaction of urinary Tamm-Horsfall protein with transitional cells and transitional epithelium.

Uropathogenic E. coli that express mannose sensitive adhesins adhere to agglutinated urinary Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP) and to exfoliated transitional epithelial cells coated with THP. Whether THP interacts with the transitional epithelium in vivo and facilitates adhesin mediated attachment of E. coli is not known. Using immunohistochemical techniques we could not identify THP associated with formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded transitional epithelium from a variety of sites within the urinary tract. However, varying levels of THP associated with the washed exfoliated transitional cells from 10 different subjects were detected by indirect radioimmunoassay methodologies. After in vitro incubation in human urine the mean interaction of THP with the exfoliated transitional cells increased significantly but closely paralleled the mean interaction of THP with exfoliated vaginal and buccal epithelial cells after identical incubation. We conclude that the interaction of THP with transitional cells in vivo is nonspecific and occurs after detachment from the mucosa. THP may act as a natural host defense against E. coli bacteriuria by inhibition of adhesion mediated bacterial adherence to the urothelium.

Adhesins, Escherichia coli↗
PubMed1987

Extra-tissular Schistosoma mansoni egg granulomata in the peritoneal cavity of mice.

The presence of Schistosoma mansoni eggs surrounded by inflammatory cells were detected within the peritoneal cavity of experimentally infected mice. The histological and ultrastructural analysis revealed the predominantly macrophagic composition of these structures. The presence of epithelioid cells, macrophages in different stages of activation and the architectural pattern of the cells, characterize these structures as extra-tissular true granulomas. Granulomas much similar to those observed in the peritoneal cavity of infected mice were also detected after the intraperitoneal injection of viable eggs in non-infected mice. Collagen fibers were observed in between the inflammatory cells of granulomas obtained 10 weeks after infection and 48 hours after the injection of viable eggs into the peritoneal cavity. In later times of infection or injection the amount of collagen fibers increases resulting in a typical pattern of healed schistosoma egg granulomas. The possible influence of the immune response on the genesis of the granulomatous reaction as well as the influence of the vascularized connective tissue on this process is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

The local origin of decidual cells in pregnant mice.

In order to evaluate the participation of extrauterine cells in the formation of mouse antimesometrial decidua, [3H]-thymidine was administered ip on days 1, 5 and 6 of pregnancy and the animals were killed 1 h afterwards. A second group of mice received four ip injections of [3H]-thymidine at 6-h intervals on the 1st day of pregnancy and were killed on the 2nd, 5th or 6th day of pregnancy. A third group of virgin mice in estrus received [3H]-thymidine ip four times at 6-h intervals and was killed 96 h after the first injection. Radioautographs of the uteri showed that few endometrial stromal cells were labelled on the 1st and 2nd day of pregnancy. Although many decidual cells incorporated thymidine on the 5th and 6th day of pregnancy in pulse-labelled animals, only few labelled decidual cells were found on the 5th and 6th day of pregnancy in animals that received several injections of thymidine on the 1st and 2nd day of pregnancy. These results indicate that the antimesometrial decidual cells that develop at the beginning of pregnancy are mostly of local origin. The short-term migration of extraneous cells into the uterus to participate in decidualization is not supported by these data.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

The influence of inflammatory agents on giant cell formation.

The inoculation of live or dead BCG into the pocket formed by the insertion of glass coverslips into the subcutaneous tissue of mice caused a drastic reduction of giant cell formation on the glass surface. Conversely, when carrageenan was used, the number of polykaria increased. Live BCG also induced a decrease in the number of giant cell nuclei, whereas killed bacteria had no effect. In contrast, carrageenan caused the opposite phenomenon. The transformation of foreign body giant cells into Langhans type cells was almost blocked in the presence of live BCG. These data support the concept that inflammatory giant cell formation depends on the rate of macrophage turnover within the lesion.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Difficulties in quantitating the contribution of urethral bacteria to prostatic fluid and seminal fluid cultures.

A greater than 10-fold increase in the concentration of a bacterium in expressed prostatic secretions or seminal fluid compared to the first voided urine specimen generally is considered as evidence of prostatic infection. To test the validity of this criterion serial culture studies using expressed prostatic secretions and/or seminal fluid were done in 6 men with no clinical evidence of genitourinary infection. In each case during the study period prostatic infection by at least 2 different bacteria that commonly colonize the urethra was suggested by the culture results. Concurrent expressed prostatic secretions or seminal fluid cultures suggesting prostatic infection by the same organism occurred in only 1 of 14 culture studies. These observations suggest that expressed prostatic secretions and seminal fluid are more susceptible to contamination by urethral bacteria than urine and that this phenomenon, rather than infection of the prostate, was the cause of culture results suggesting prostatic infection.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1984

Longitudinal studies of prostatic fluid immunoglobulin in men with bacterial prostatitis.

To better characterize the apparent secretory immune response of the prostate to bacterial infection of the genitourinary tract, we assayed serial expressed prostatic secretion (EPS) specimens for total and antibacterial immunoglobulin. Three men with bacterial prostatitis, including 2 otherwise healthy men with chronic infections and 1 man with IgG multiple myeloma and an acute infection, were studied. In the former 2 cases the infections were associated with greater increases in total EPS IgA than total EPS IgG or IgM. The patient with multiple myeloma had markedly elevated serum IgG levels and subnormal serum IgA and IgM levels and the acute infection was accompanied by increases in total EPS IgG and IgM but consistently low total EPS IgA. Antibacterial EPS IgA, which was measurable in each case, was always quantitatively greater than antibacterial EPS IgG. Antibacterial IgM was never detectable. Alterations in the concentrations of antibacterial EPS IgG and IgA were generally not associated with comparable alterations of total EPS IgG and IgA, respectively, and the concentrations of antibacterial EPS IgG and IgA did not correlate well with the clinical or bacteriologic response to antimicrobial therapy. The concentration of antibacterial IgA expressed as a function of total IgA was as much as 1550 times greater in the EPS than in the serum. However, the relative concentrations of antibacterial IgG and IgM were similar in the EPS and serum. These data suggest local synthesis of antibacterial IgA in the prostate that persists following eradication of the infection and that is regulated independent of both the systemic immune response and the concentration of total prostatic fluid immunoglobulin.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

The influence of lymphatic drainage in experimental Trypanosoma cruzi infection.

The rapid disappearance of infective forms of Trypanosoma cruzi from the site of inoculation as well as the initial phase of infection produced by the parasite are not yet fully understood. To investigate this problem we used the hamster as an animal model considering the existence of the cheek pouch--a peculiar region devoid of lymphatic vessels. T. cruzi trypomastigotes were inoculated into the cheek pouch or into the footpad of animals previously infected or not with the same parasite. The results were followed from 3 up to 21 days postinoculation, by histological examination. In the cheek pouch of normal animals a large number of parasites could be seen up to 15 days post-inoculation and the inflammatory infiltrate had a focal distribution. Conversely, in the footpad the infiltrate was diffuse and no parasites could be detected. These observations indicate that the lymphatic system is the main route of T. cruzi dissemination from the site or inoculation. When hamsters were first inoculated in the footpad and 7 days later in the pouch, the inflammatory infiltrate at this point was less aggressive and no parasites could be detected.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Bacterial infection and male infertility: absence of immunoglobulin A with specificity for common Escherichia coli 0-serotypes in seminal fluid of infertile men.

We used an indirect solid phase radioimmunoassay to detect and quantitate immunoglobulin A (IgA) in male genital secretions with specificity for Escherichia coli (E. coli) antigen. We assayed the seminal fluid and expressed prostatic secretion (EPS) of a patient with chronic bacterial prostatitis (CBP) due to an 01 E. coli, the seminal fluid of 24 fertile men, and the seminal fluid of 62 men of infertile marriages. IgA directed apparently against the 0-antigen of the infecting E. coli was measurable in both the seminal fluid and EPS of the CBP patient. IgA in these specimens also bound to antigen in a mix of 8 common E. coli 0-serotypes that included an 01 E. coli. IgA with specificity for antigen in the mix of common E. coli 0-serotypes could not be detected in the seminal fluid of the fertile men or the men of infertile marriages. These data suggest that subclinical E. coli infections of the male reproductive tract are not commonly associated with infertility.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Immunoglobulin in seminal fluid of fertile, infertile, vasectomy and vasectomy reversal patients.

We measured the concentrations of IgG, IgA, and IgM, in the seminal fluid of 16 fertile men, 77 men of infertile marriages, 21 men who had undergone vasectomy reversal and 5 men who had undergone vasectomy only. The lower limits of sensitivity of the assay was 0.04 mg./dl. IgG (mean concentration 3.29 mg./dl., range 0.48 to 15.41 mg./dl.) and IgA (mean concentration 1.11 mg./dl., range 0.05 to 19.11 mg./dl.) were measureable in all specimens, but IgM (range 0.04 to 0.76 mg./dl.) was measureable in only 20 per cent. Intrasubject variability of IgG and IgA concentrations expressed as the coefficients of variation of serial determinations ranged from 18 to 40 per cent and 29 to 52 per cent, respectively. Discrepancies between the presence or absence of measurable IgM in serial determinations were unusual. The mean concentrations of seminal fluid IgG and IgA in the fertile group were not significantly different from the other patient groups. However, IgM was measurable in only 13 per cent of specimens from the fertile patients but in 62 per cent of specimens from the vasectomy reversal patients (p = 0.003). This suggests disruption of the blood-genital tract barrier following vasectomy and continuing after vasectomy reversal.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Immunologic response of the prostate to bacteriuria and bacterial prostatitis. I. Immunoglobulin concentrations in prostatic fluid.

We investigated the impact of bacteriuria and bacterial prostatitis on the immunoglobulin content of prostatic fluid. Using an indirect solid-phase radioimmunoassay, we assayed samples of expressed prostatic secretion (EPS) from 20 men with no histories of bacteriuria and from 13 men with histories of culture proven bacteriuria for IgG, IgA and IgM concentrations. Five of the bacteriuric men had culture proven bacterial prostatitis. The concentrations of each immunoglobulin varied widely and were unrelated to age, race, history of urologic instrumentation, presence of benign prostatic hyperplasia, leukocyte content of EPS or EPS aerobic bacterial culture results. The mean concentration of IgG for samples from the bacteriuric patients, 44.3 mg/ml., was similar to that of the uninfected patients, 58.4 mg./dl. (p less than 0.5). The mean concentrations of IgA and IgM for samples from the bacteriuric patients, 89.2 and 1.44 mg./dl., respectively, were greater than those of the uninfected patients, 25.2 and 0.95 mg./dl., respectively. These differences, however, did not achieve statistical significance, p less than 0.025 and p less than 0.3, respectively. However, the mean ratio of IgA:IgG for samples from the bacteriuric patients, 1.67, was significantly greater than that of the uninfected patients, 0.34 (p less than 0.005). The fraction of IgA in the form of secretory IgA was greater than 60 per cent for samples obtained from both the uninfected and bacteriuric patients. These data suggest that bacteriuria is associated with increased secretion of IgA in the prostatic fluid.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

The modification of macrophage activity in experimental granulomas by cyclophosphamide.

Round glass coverslips were implanted in the subcutaneous tissue of mice previously immunized to sheep red cells (SRBC) and the same antigen injected into the pocket where the coverslip lay. It was shown that when mice received a prior dose of cyclophosphamide (Cy) the number of macrophages adherent to the glass increased, they showed more pre-mitotic DNA synthesis and were more phagocytic via their Fc and C3b surface receptors. However, when BCG was inoculated into similar coverslips pockets in mice not previously sensitized to BCG but pre-treated with Cy, the number of macrophages on the glass surface fell and their phagocytic potential decreased compared with non-Cy-treated controls. When BCG was inoculated into the peritoneal cavity of mice, Cy treatment induced a significant increase in the number of lesions in the peritoneal cavity compared with non-Cy treated controls. When BCG was injected into the footpad of mice it was clear that pre-treatment with Cy abolished the increase in foot volume otherwise seen at 24 hr but led to a sustained increase in volume which reached a peak on day 6. However, when Cy was given to the mice 5 days after BCG injection the course of the response was not altered. It is concluded that treatment with Cy before an inflammatory stimulus with an immunological component, modifies macrophage function and granuloma development. Differential effects of Cy on various components of the immune response are thought to be its most likely explanation.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Defective phagocytic ability of epithelioid cells reversed by levamisole.

Both E-macrophages and E-macrophage polykaryons (epithelioid cells) obtained from subcutaneous glass coverslips fail to express IgG (Fe) surface receptors as assessed by phagocytosis of SRBC coated with specific IgG(E(IgG)). When, however, these cells were incubated with E(IgG) in the presence of levamisole, their capacity to ingest these particles returned. It is concluded that loss of FC receptor activity during epithelioid transportation is a reversible phenomenon possibly associated with changes in cyclic AMP.

Animals↗