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Biomedical subjects

M Marchese

Publications and source records attributed to M Marchese.

27 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Transglutaminase in cell proliferation and transformation.

Transglutaminase (TGase) activity was reduced in intact mitogen-stimulated human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) when compared to intact resting PBL. Moreover, a treatment of the same quiescent immunocompetent cells with purified liver TGase and Ca2+ completely suppressed the mitogen-induced blast transformation. A decrease in TGase activity in neoplastically transformed seminal vesicle epithelial cells with respect to their normal parent counterpart was also observed. Our data support the notion of a possible implication of TGase in cell proliferation and transformation.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Low-dose rate irradiation.

There are a number of rather obvious conclusions from these experimental data that have implications in clinical radiotherapy: (1) Survival curves for cells of human origin, in general, have a smaller initial shoulder and exhibit greater sensitivity to ionizing radiation than cells of rodent origin. (2) Nevertheless, the response of human cells to gamma-rays, in a fractionated or low-dose schedule, is dominated by repair. (3) Radiosensitivity, as well as the repair of sublethal damage as evidenced by the dose rate effect, is very similar for a range of normal human cells, including skin and lung fibroblasts, as well as endothelial cells from umbilical cord veins. (4) Human tumor cells are much more variable than normal cells in radiosensitivity, and in the repair of sublethal damage, evident in the dose rate effect. Some show a smaller, and some show a larger dose rate effect than normal cells. (5) Consequently, the use of a large number of fractions, as for example in hyperfractionation regimens, is contraindicated in those tumors that show repair factors larger than for normal tissues; though of course it is a substantial advantage in other cases.

DNA Repair↗
PubMed1988

Radiation response characteristics of human cells in vitro.

Improvements in tissue culture techniques and growth media have made it possible to culture a range of cells of human origin, both normal and malignant. The most recent addition to the list are endothelial cells from umbilical cord veins. Interesting results in radiosensitivity studies of these human cells have been obtained, some of which may have implications in radiation therapy. (i) Repair of potentially lethal damage (PLDR) has been observed in all cell lines investigated; cells of normal origin repair PLD at least as well as malignant cells, which makes clinical trials of PLDR inhibitors of doubtful usefulness. (ii) No apparent correlation can be made between the extent of PLDR and the traditional radioresponsiveness of a particular tumor type. Indeed, if anything, it could appear to have an inverse correlation since the most resistant tumor cells show the smallest amount of PLD repair. (iii) Dose-rate effects appear to be better predictors of radiosensitivity than PLDR capacity. (iv) Sublethal damage repair, manifest by a dose-rate effect, has also been observed in all human cell lines tested. Cells of normal tissue origin, including fibroblasts and endothelial cells, exhibit a dose-rate effect that is intermediate between that for cells from traditionally resistant tumors (melanoma and osteosarcoma) and cells from more sensitive tumors (neuroblastoma and breast).

Cell Line↗