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M Mansell

Publications and source records attributed to M Mansell.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Application of a water quality model in the White Cart water catchment, Glasgow, UK.

Water quality models of urban systems have previously focused on point source (sewerage system) inputs. Little attention has been given to diffuse inputs and research into diffuse pollution has been largely confined to agriculture sources. This paper reports on new research that is aimed at integrating diffuse inputs into an urban water quality model. An integrated model is introduced that is made up of four modules: hydrology, contaminant point sources, nutrient cycling and leaching. The hydrology module, T&T consists of a TOPMODEL (a TOPography-based hydrological MODEL), which simulates runoff from pervious areas and a two-tank model, which simulates runoff from impervious urban areas. Linked into the two-tank model, the contaminant point source module simulates the overflow from the sewerage system in heavy rain. The widely known SOILN (SOIL Nitrate model) is the basis of nitrogen cycle module. Finally, the leaching module consists of two functions: the production function and the transfer function. The production function is based on SLIM (Solute Leaching Intermediate Model) while the transfer function is based on the 'flushing hypothesis' which postulates a relationship between contaminant concentrations in the receiving water course and the extent to which the catchment is saturated. This paper outlines the modelling methodology and the model structures that have been developed. An application of this model in the White Cart catchment (Glasgow) is also included.

Agriculture↗
PubMed2002

Early treatment with allopurinol in familial juvenile hyerpuricaemic nephropathy (FJHN) ameliorates the long-term progression of renal disease.

BACKGROUND: The efficacy of allopurinol in autosomal dominant familial juvenile hyperuricaemic nephropathy (FJHN) has been disputed. AIM: To address this question, in the absence of controlled trials. DESIGN: Retrospective long-term follow-up study. METHODS: All kindreds were biochemically screened. Measurements included uric acid clearance, creatinine clearance, serum creatinine, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR). We used five siblings who had died or progressed to transplantation, ten other deceased relatives, and two index cases (one untreated, one non-compliant) as controls to assess the effects of allopurinol. RESULTS: Of eight families with FJHN, six had a strong history of renal disease and early parental death (mean age 41 years, n=10). Of 27 patients started immediately on allopurinol and treated uninterruptedly, 21 responded well, including three children born subsequently. Eight siblings (mean age 19 years) with a normal plasma creatinine at start (<120 micromol/l, mean GFR 80 ml/min/1.73 m(2)) retained stable renal function (mean 14.5 years, mean age 34 years, GFR 85 ml/min/1.73 m(2)). Of the 13 other responders, treated for up to 34 years, 10 with a creatinine <200 micromol/l at diagnosis (mean age 28 years, mean creatinine 137 micromol/l at start) now have a mean creatinine of 210 micromol/l. In contrast, five patients (mean age 26 years) with a creatinine >200 micromol/l (GFR <35 ml/min/1.73 m(2)) when allopurinol commenced, plus one untreated index case, all progressed rapidly (mean 6 years) to end-stage renal failure. In two others (one non-compliant, one initially untreated), GFR fell by >50% in 7 years. Introduction of allopurinol in the latter has stabilized GFR. DISCUSSION: Allopurinol reduced the morbidity and mortality from renal failure seen in untreated siblings and previous generations of these families. Early diagnosis of FJHN is important, so that treatment can begin before irreversible renal damage has developed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

The use of povidone iodine in exit site care for patients undergoing continuous peritoneal dialysis (CAPD).

Exit site infection is a major risk factor for the development of peritonitis in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. The frequency of infection can be reduced by scrupulous exit site care with or without topical antiseptics. A randomized trial was performed of 149 catheters in 130 patients to assess any additional benefits conferred by the use of povidine iodine dry powder spray at dressing changes over an existing strict protocol of exit care. Exit infections occurred in 14 (18%) of 77 patients using spray and in 15 (21%) of 72 patients not using spray. The risk of peritonitis was also similar in each group. The proportion of infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus was reduced in the spray group, but those caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa were increased. Rash occurred in 6% of those using the spray. The use of the spray did not therefore seem justified.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Contract culture.

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Continuity of Patient Care↗
PubMed1989

Does rheumatoid factor protect lupus patients from the development of nephritis?

It has been suggested again recently that the presence of rheumatoid factor (RF) in the serum of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) protects them from the development of nephritis. In this study the RF is measured by standard latex test and by radioimmunoassay to detect IgM, IgA, and IgG isotypes, in patients with SLE with (26 patients) and without (25 patients) renal involvement, and in a control group of 21 patients with idiopathic renal disease. In addition, patients with SLE and nephritis were tested during active and inactive phases of their disease. No significant protective effect was observed from the presence of RF.

Humans↗