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Biomedical subjects

M Mann

Publications and source records attributed to M Mann.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Abnormal cervical cytology in adolescents. A 15-year experience.

The onset of sexual activity at a young age (< 17 years) has been identified in several studies as the most important epidemiologic risk factor in the development of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). In characterizing the natural history of CIN, investigators have indicated that a percentage of such lesions progress to invasive carcinoma if left untreated. CIN in adolescents was first reported in 1961. The subsequently reported CIN prevalence rates in sexually active, medically indigent teenage populations have increased over time, temporally paralleling increasing early sexual activity among teenagers. In our 15-year experience with abnormal cervical cytology in adolescents, all grades of CIN were observed. Fully 13% of patients had histologically proven CIN 3, a preinvasive lesion. Given reports of an increase in cervical cancer in young women (< 35 years old), the findings of this and similar studies mandate routine cervical cytologic screening in all sexually active teenage girls.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Use of mass spectrometric molecular weight information to identify proteins in sequence databases.

During the last decade new ionization techniques have made it possible to measure the molecular weight of many intact proteins by mass spectrometry, and they have made it much easier to obtain a mass spectrometric peptide map of a protein. At the same time advances in protein and DNA sequencing technology are resulting in an exponential increase in the number of sequences deposited in databases. Here we investigate the possibility to use mass spectrometric data to identify proteins in databases. Searching a database by total molecular weight is found to be an easy and sometimes sufficient approach. For more specificity and for error tolerance in both the mass spectrometric data and the database information we search by partial mass spectrometric peptide map of the protein. In general, just four to six proteolytic peptides measured with a mass accuracy between 0.1 and 0.01% allow a useful search of databases such as the Protein Identification Resource (PIR). As the size of DNA and protein sequence databases grows, protein identification by partial mass spectrometric peptide maps should become increasingly powerful and may become a general method to identify and characterize proteins.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1993

Site of action of imprinted genes revealed by phenotypic analysis of parthenogenetic embryos.

The phenotypes of early post-implantation parthenogenetic embryos were examined. The spectrum of phenotypes suggested that three stages are adversely affected by imprinting--implantation, pregastrulation, and postgastrulation. Survival of parthenogenetic embryos past these developmental blocks can be improved but not completely overcome by experimental asynchrony. These results suggest that imprinting may be "leaky" at early stages.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Oxidation of peptides during electrospray ionization.

[M + H + 16]+ ions were observed in the electrospray ionization mass spectra of several synthetic and naturally occurring peptides. Initial results have shown that the appearance of the modification is dependent on the field strength at the electrospray needle and the flow rate of the solution passing through the capillary. Mass spectrometric experiments on peptides showing the + 16 Da modification attributed the change to the selective oxidation of either a methionyl, tryptophanyl, or tyrosyl residue present in the peptide. These results were further confirmed by tandem mass spectrometry experiments on peptides with a methionyl residue at either the N- or C-terminus, or within the peptide chain. This effect can occur under normal operating conditions and therefore care must be taken in the analysis of samples containing these oxidizable residues. Conversely, the selectivity of the oxidative process may be used to enhance the information obtained from the mass spectrometric analysis. For example, we show results for the analysis of a tryptic digest of the protein myoglobin where the occurrence of the [M + H + 16]+ ion is used, along with the molecular weight data, to correctly identify the trypic fragment.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1993

The influence of spring and summer New England meteorologic conditions on the respiratory status of patients with chronic lung disease.

To determine whether meteorologic conditions affect the respiratory status of individuals with chronic lung disease, we asked 14 patients who had completed outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation to record the following information daily during the spring and summer of 1991: (1) dyspnea on arising (morning dyspnea); (2) dyspnea throughout the day (daytime dyspnea); (3) peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR); (4) mood; and (5) the presence of lower respiratory tract infection (LRI). The effect of local meteorologic conditions and LRI frequency on morning and daytime dyspnea, PEFR, and mood were analyzed for spring and summer seasons using a linear regression technique that controlled for first-order autocorrelation. The LRI frequency and the preceding day's respiratory status were the most significant predictors of either season's daily variation in respiratory status. During spring, the only meteorologic condition associated with respiratory status was precipitation: rainfall was directly related to increased morning and daytime dyspnea. Meteorologic conditions were not related to changes in PEFR or mood. During summer, the combination of higher temperature, rise in barometric pressure, and increased LRI frequency best predicted increased morning dyspnea, while the combination of higher temperature and rise in barometric pressure best predicted reduced PEFR. Meteorologic conditions were not related to changes in daytime dyspnea or mood. Precipitation in spring and a combination of high temperature and rise in barometric pressure in summer best predicted deterioration in the respiratory status of this group of patients with chronic lung disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Simultaneous primary lung sarcoma and carcinoma.

Synchronous primary lung tumors are uncommon, and primary lung sarcomas are especially rare. We report an unusual case of a poorly differentiated carcinoma and a primary sarcoma of the lung. The surgical approach to patients with synchronous primary lung tumors should be aggressive.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Consummatory behaviors and weight regulation in pregnant, lactating, and pregnant-lactating mice.

Pregnant Rockland-Swiss (R-S) albino mice consumed significantly more food and water and gained significantly more weight between gestation days 8-17 compared to virgin R-S females maintained in isolation for a comparable period. Postpartum (days 1-10) patterns of ingestion and weight change among thelectomized (nipple-deprived) mouse dams provided with young did not differ significantly from those of virgin animals without young. Sham- and nonoperated dams received suckling stimulation from young and consumed about 100% more food than thelectomized or virgin females (Experiment 1). Pregnancy concurrent with lactation does not increase further the hyperphagic response of female mice. Nipple presence is the principle regulator of postpartum hyperphagia in lactating and simultaneously pregnant-lactating mouse dams (Experiment 2).

Animals↗
PubMed1992

The effect of inhaled allergen on circulating basophils in atopic asthma.

There is increasing evidence for the role of basophils in the allergen-induced late asthmatic response (LAR). To study the effect of inhaled allergen on basophil function in subjects with asthma, ex vivo basophil spontaneous histamine release (SHR) in peripheral blood and plasma histamine was measured before and 2, 5, 10, and 15 minutes, and 2, 4, 6, and 8 hours after allergen bronchial challenge (allergen study day) in six subjects with atopic asthma. Allergen inhalation induced an early response and LAR consisting of a mean (+/- SD) 32.5% (+/- 7.9%) and 28.8% (+/- 7.7%) fall in FEV1, respectively. As a control for the effects of bronchoconstriction, on another occasion, methacholine challenge was performed to produce a mean 33.4% (+/- 3.4%) fall in FEV1 during the early response and no LAR, and blood was obtained to measure basophil histamine release (HR) and plasma histamine. There was a small, but significant (p less than 0.05), rise in median SHR from 4.6% to 6.1% of total basophil histamine after allergen but not after methacholine inhalation. HR remained high after allergen inhalation during the 8 hours of study, whereas it demonstrated a steady, significant, decrease between 4 to 8 hours after methacholine inhalation. No significant changes in plasma histamine were recorded on either allergen or methacholine study days. On a third occasion, SHR was measured after challenge with physiologic saline to control for any effects of methacholine on SHR, and a decrease in HR was recorded during the day similar to HR observed after methacholine challenge. These studies suggest an enhancing effect of inhaled allergen on SHR.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1992

A comparison of the effects of bid and qid dosing on compliance with inhaled flunisolide.

Noncompliance with inhaled steroids is a well-recognized problem in asthma therapy. We compared compliance with bid and qid regimens of inhaled flunisolide in 16 asthmatic subjects. Patients were instructed to take four inhalations bid for T1 to establish baseline compliance. During T2, half (group A) continued this dosing regimen, while the other half (group B) switched to two inhalations qid. Group A compliance did not significantly change from T1 to T2. The percentage of days with less than eight inhalations (underuse) for group B, however, increased from 20.2 +/- 40.3 in T1 (bid dosing) to 57.1 +/- 49.6 in T2 (qid dosing) (p less than 0.001). Concomitantly, the number of daily inhalations decreased from 7.9 +/- 2.5 to 6.8 +/- 3.1 (p less than 0.01). Reduced compliance with qid dosing was due in large part to an increase in frequency of six inhalations per day, resulting from tid use. Compliance with inhaled flunisolide, therefore, was worse with qid than bid dosing.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1992

[The cholera epidemic in Panama 1991].

The authors studied the epidemiology of the outbreak of cholera (due to Vibrio cholerae 01, Inabe serotype) which occurred in Panama in 1991, during which 1179 probable cases were reported, with 292 hospitalizations, 29 deaths and 51 confirmed cases. There was an average of 24.7% hospitalizations and a 2.5% mortality. The epidemic involved 21 of 24 "corregimientos' in Darién, 2 of 4 in San Blas, 5 of 15 in Panama East, 3 of 40 in Colón and one of 19 in the metropolitan area of Panama City. The incidence of infected patients was seen in infants less than 1 year old and in children 1 to 4 years of age. Taking into account the population in each 'corregimiento', it can be said that less than 1% of the population was infected, but that in San Blas, where few communities have aqueduct and latrines, 10% of the population was infected.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1991

Cell-free translation and characterization of corneal keratan sulfate proteoglycan core proteins.

Bovine corneal keratan sulfate proteoglycan (KSPG) contains two core proteins, 37 and 25 kDa, if fully deglycosylated, but 47 and 35 kDa, respectively, after endo-beta-galactosidase (Funderburgh, J. L., and Conrad, G. W. (1990) J. Biol Chem. 265, 8297-8303). Chicken corneal KSPG released a single core protein of 47 kDa after endo-beta-galactosidase, and of 35 and 36 kDa, if deglycosylated with N-glycanase or trifluoromethanesulfonic acid. Affinity purified rabbit antibodies against each KSPG recognized only the intact proteoglycan or its core proteins in immunoblots of unfractionated guanidine-HCl extracts of whole cornea after sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Affinity purified antibody to a synthetic peptide duplicating the NH2-terminal sequence of the 37-kDa bovine core protein showed little reactivity with untreated corneal extract but reacted with the 47-kDa bovine protein in endo-beta-galactosidase-treated extracts. RNA was isolated from bovine and chick corneal stromas and used for in vitro translation. Antibody against bovine KSPG immunoprecipitated two proteins of 56-53 kDa and a protein of 41 kDa after translation of bovine RNA. Translation of chick RNA produced a double band of 38-39 kDa and a single band of 25 kDa precipitating with antibody against chicken KSPG. Homologous unlabeled KSPG competed for binding of antibodies to these translation products. These data suggest that in vertebrate corneas, the multiple KSPG core protein isoforms may arise as products of separate mRNAs, rather than from proteolytic processing of a large polypeptide precursor.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

[Quantified EEG in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's type dementia].

79 subjects (mean age 70.2 ans, 31 males, 48 females) selected as probable dementia of the Alzheimer type, at the early stage of the disease and 17 normal aged people (mean age: 72.2, 5 males, 12 females) were recorded with a 16 channel computerized-EEG (C-EEG) with topographical analysis of the observed changes and with classical visual analysis of the EEG. Quite simple C-EEG parameters as mean dominant frequency (MF) and alpha to theta ratio are able to discriminate patients from normal with a greater accuracy than visual analysis. The values of 8.6 for the MF and 1.3 for the alpha/theta ratio are proposed as cut off values between normal and DAT patients. The topographical analysis appear to be of no additional usefulness in the discrimination of the two groups.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Focal dermal hypoplasia with an initial inflammatory phase.

We report a case of focal dermal hypoplasia with an initial inflammatory phase. Although our patient had dark red macules and papules and red linear atrophic lesions at birth, her lesions were somewhat faded at 3 months of age and had become yellowish before 5 months of age. Histologic examination of lesions at 3 months of age showed marked edema in the papillary dermis, mononuclear cell infiltration, a prominent fibroblastic population, and a large cluster of dermal lipocytes, suggesting an association between the inflammation and the development of dermal adipose tissue.

Dermatitis↗