Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M Malone

Publications and source records attributed to M Malone.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

A flow cytometric study of Langerhans cell histiocytosis.

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), or histiocytosis X, is now generally considered to be a non-malignant condition. A flow cytometric (FCM) study of a single case has, however, been published which claimed to provide evidence to contradict this. The presence of DNA-ploidy as detected using this technique is a feature of malignant and pre-malignant disease. In this reported single case, DNA-ploidy was present but the clinical features of this patient were atypical for LCH. We have performed a FCM study of the DNA of nine biopsies of LCH lesions from six patients with well-established disease. In addition, in one of these, fresh tissue studies including the use of an anti-CD I monoclonal antibody to specifically label the LCH cells were performed. In all cases the DNA content of the cells was entirely normal. We therefore found no evidence that LCH is a neoplastic disorder.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

The fetal liver in PiZZ alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency: a report of five cases.

The lack of information on the state of fetal liver in PiZZ alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency and a single case report claiming a hypoplasia of interlobular bile ducts in a 20-week PiZZ fetus, instigated this histologic study of the liver in five PiZZ fetuses, 17-20 weeks of gestation and five age-matched controls. We found no difference between the percentage of portal tracts with identifiable bile ducts in the PiZZ (median 22.2%, range 21%-23%) and in the control (median 21.4%, range 20%-24%) on hematoxylin- and eosin-stained sections. Immunostaining with AE1, a monoclonal antibody to cytokeratins restricted to normal bile ducts, doubled the number of recognizable ducts in both PiZZ and control livers. In four PiZZ livers, but in none of the controls, granular deposits of AAT could be detected by specific immunoperoxidase staining. We conclude that an apparent paucity of interlobular bile ducts is normal in the 20-week fetal liver, and our data may be taken as reference for future study dealing with similar material. Except for the cytoplasmic deposition of granules immunoreactive to AAT antiserum, there was no evidence of any developmental anomaly, in particular of the bile duct system in these five PiZZ fetal livers.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1988

Postpartum testing for antecedent gestational diabetes.

Gestational diabetes is a predictor of glucose intolerance in subsequent pregnancies and in the nongravid state. Many pregnant women are not tested for gestational diabetes, although they or their offspring may show signs suggestive of antecedent hyperglycemia. We examined the diagnostic utility of a postpartum (within 48 hours), 100 gm, oral glucose tolerance test and cord plasma glucose, cord plasma C-peptide, and 2-hour neonatal plasma glucose tests to detect antecedent gestational diabetes in women with documented gestational diabetes (n = 37) or with normal glucose tolerance test results late in the third trimester (n = 28). The 1-hour, 2-hour, and incremental 1-hour + 2-hour [( 1-hour - fasting] + [2-hour - fasting]) [2-hour - fasting]) glucose values of the postpartum glucose tolerance test showed significant differences between study participants with and without gestational diabetes (164 +/- 30 versus 115 +/- 22, 145 +/- 31 versus 101 +/- 21, and 153 +/- 51 versus 67 +/- 33 mg/dl, respectively, p less than 0.025). Maternal fasting and 3-hour postpartum glucose tolerance test glucose, cord plasma glucose, cord plasma C-peptide, and 2-hour neonatal plasma glucose values showed no significant between-group differences. Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses for these tests indicated that the incremental 1-hour + 2-hour postpartum glucose tolerance test glucose values best sustain test specificity at the low test threshold values necessary for high test sensitivity. A threshold of 110 mg/dl for this test yielded a predicted specificity of 90% and sensitivity of 80% with regard to antecedent gestational diabetes.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1988

Evaluation of an information booklet for general practitioners with patients on home parenteral nutrition.

An information package was developed for general practitioners (GPs) involved in the management of home parenteral nutrition (HPN) patients. The booklet covered five major sections: background information; HPN training; complications of HPN; arrangements for a particular patient; and hospital management of HPN. This study was designed to determine the acceptability of the booklet to GPs. A booklet and a questionnaire were distributed to 30 GPs; 23 were returned. The majority of respondents found the booklet easy to read and interesting. Most GPs found the sections on general background information and possible complications to be of great value. Overall, the booklet was very well accepted, 96% of respondents stated that the information provided was of value.

Education, Medical, Continuing↗
PubMed1988

An investigation into information provided for patients on home parenteral nutrition.

A group of 34 patients who received home parenteral nutrition (HPN) were assessed by questionnaire to determine their knowledge of basic nutritional concepts, parenteral nutrition and the procedures used to monitor HPN. The results indicated that the HPN patients had an adequate knowledge of basic nutritional concepts and that this knowledge was not significantly different from that of 76 randomly selected control subjects. However, the HPN patients had significantly less understanding of parenteral nutrition and the procedures used to monitor HPN. Based on information obtained, a booklet was written to explain HPN to the same group of patients. Eighty-eight per cent of patients found the booklet either interesting or very interesting and 91% of patients reported that the booklet was read by other family members as well as themselves. Patients who had been on HPN for short periods of time learnt more from the booklet than other patients. Many patients would have appreciated more information about HPN when they first began treatment.

Humans↗
PubMed1988

Tibia vara due to focal fibrocartilaginous dysplasia. The natural history.

We report five patients with tibia vara due to focal fibrocartilaginous dysplasia of the medial aspect of the proximal tibia. In three patients spontaneous correction occurred, while in one of the remaining two treated by operation, a valgus deformity and neurological complications resulted. Conservative management is therefore recommended.

Cartilage↗
PubMed1987

Studies of the in vitro effect of methylmercury chloride on rat brain neurotransmitter enzymes.

The in vitro effect of methylmercury (MM) on the enzymatic activities of brain cell specific marker enzymes, choline acetyltransferase (CAT), glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide phosphohydrolase (CNP), glutamine synthetase (GS) and enolase was examined. The results demonstrate that at 100 microM MM, GS activity was not affected whereas a small decrease in the activity of both GAD (20%) and enolase (10%) was observed. CNP and CAT activity appeared to be more sensitive toward MM with 100 microM MM producing inhibition of 50% and 30%, respectively. The addition of sulfhydryl protecting reagents such as DTT or sodium thioglycolate can restore the enzyme activities to normal control levels despite prior exposure of the enzymes to MM.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Astrocytoma as a second malignancy in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Three cases of astrocytoma, two cerebral (grades II and III) and one spinal (grade II) occurring as second malignancies in patients with previously diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia are described. All had received prophylactic cranial irradiation and intrathecal methotrexate. All were in remission at the time of development of the second malignancy. The time interval between central nervous system (CNS) prophylaxis and symptoms of CNS tumor was between 3 and 5 years. The possible causes of the combination of astrocytoma with acute lymphoblastic leukemia are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Specific autoantibodies to gut epithelium in two infants with severe protracted diarrhoea.

Two male infants with severe protracted diarrhoea presenting at 4 months (patient 1) and 10 weeks (patient 2) of age are reported. In both patients jejunal biopsy showed subtotal villous atrophy. Both had specific complement-fixing autoantibodies reacting by immunofluorescence with human duodenal, jejunal, and colonic epithelium. Patient 1 also had hypothyroidism and type 1 diabetes mellitus with thyroid and islet cell autoantibodies. His gut antibodies were of IgG class, reached a titre of 1:512, and remained positive throughout his illness. He died at 16 months of age. Patient 2 had gut antibodies of IgM class, which reached a titre of 1:128 and disappeared at the time of spontaneous recovery of the diarrhoea. The findings suggest that an autoimmune process was the basis for the enteropathy in these patients. We recommend that autoantibody tests should be performed in infants with unexplained protracted diarrhoea.

Antibody Specificity↗
PubMed1981

Brain damage after cardiopulmonary by-pass: correlations between neurophysiological and neuropathological findings.

Ischaemic lesions along cerebral arterial boundary zones were present in nine patients dying after cardiopulmonary by-pass. Their intra-operative cerebral function monitor recordings had shown at least 7 min major depression, its severity correlating with degrees of neurological deficit after operation and EEG abnormality and extent of infarction. In contrast eleven patients with normal or minimally abnormal cerebral function monitor recordings had macroscopically normal brains.

Adult↗