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Biomedical subjects

M Maguire

Publications and source records attributed to M Maguire.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Aldosterone responsiveness to metoclopramide in hyperprolactinaemia.

Basal serum aldosterone levels in 13 hyperprolactinaemic females did not differ significantly from those of nine control individuals. There was increased responsiveness of circulating aldosterone levels to the long acting dopamine antagonist metoclopramide (10 mg intravenously) in the hyperprolactinaemic patients as compared with the controls. Prolactin responsiveness to metoclopramide was reduced in the patients as compared with the controls, such being considered characteristic of a prolactinoma. Basal serum thyrotrophin (TSH) levels, although within the euthyroid range, were increased in the patients as compared with the controls. There was no significant difference in the TSH responsiveness to metoclopramide between the study groups. However, in the five patients with exaggerated responses of TSH to metoclopramide, basal TSH levels were significantly higher than in the other patients. One explanation for these results is that prolactin can directly or indirectly modulate the aldosterone response to metoclopramide.

Aldosterone↗
PubMed1987

Is heparin administration necessary during induction chemotherapy for patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia?

The role of heparin in the treatment of the disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) associated with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) remains unclear. Between 1974 and 1985, we treated 27 patients with APL using four different chemotherapeutic regimens; 23/27 (85%) had evidence of DIC either at presentation or following the initiation of induction chemotherapy. The coagulopathy was treated primarily with fresh frozen plasma and platelet transfusions; only 2/27 (7%) patients received heparin. Twenty of 27 patients (74%) entered complete remission. Major bleeding or thrombotic complications occurred in 5/27 patients (19%), but 2 of these 5 patients presented after hemorrhage had already occurred. None of the 5 patients with bleeding or thrombosis entered complete remission. All of the hemorrhagic complications due to DIC in our study occurred before 1979, which may reflect changes in the management of leukemic patients. This observation emphasizes the risks inherent in the use of historical controls in this population. In conclusion the DIC associated with APL can be successfully treated with intensive blood product support without the use of heparin.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

A case-control study of dietary intake of renal stone patients. II. Urine biochemistry and stone analysis.

The dietary intakes of 88 renal stone cases and 88 age and sex matched controls were assessed by dietary history using a standardised questionnaire. The stone cases were divided into six subgroups established on the basis of urine biochemistry (calcium, oxalate and uric acid) and stone composition. The average intake of each group was then compared with that of their controls using standard statistical procedures. Cases with idiopathic calcium oxalate stones had significantly lower intakes of dietary fibre, non-cellulose polysaccharide, phytate, magnesium, phosphate and thiamine than controls. No significant difference in dietary intake was found between cases with high urinary calcium and uric acid and their respective controls. All cases with a high urinary oxalate had a significantly higher intake of vitamin C than controls. Our results support the belief that dietary intake is an important pre-urinary risk factor of idiopathic renal stone disease.

Calcium↗
PubMed1986

The Markov process as a general method for nonparametric analysis of right-censored medical data.

The product limit method of Kaplan and Meier for estimating survival functions and the logrank test of Mantel are widely employed for analysis of longitudinal medical data. Developed for analysis of one-time events such as death, survival analysis is also commonly adapted to more complex states such as loss of vision or cancer remission by restricting analysis to first occurrences. The nonparametric discrete time nonhomogeneous Markov process is proposed as a better model for any applications of the latter type. This simple stochastic model allows for an arbitrary number of possible states and for transitions in any direction. Maximum likelihood estimators are easily computed for the stochastic model and are identical to the product-limit estimates in the special case represented by the Kaplan-Meier model. The logrank test extends to evaluation of differences between populations with respect to any specified transition.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1985

Alpha 2-adrenoceptor coupling to adenylate cyclase in adrenaline insensitive human platelets.

Coupling of the alpha 2-adrenoceptor to adenylate cyclase was assessed in platelets from 3 groups of subjects: normal controls and patients with myeloproliferative disorders whose platelets were either sensitive or specifically insensitive to the aggregatory effects of adrenaline. The ability of adrenaline to induce the formation of a complex between the alpha 2-adrenoceptor and the inhibitory guanine nucleotide binding protein was examined in all three groups by assessment of the effect of mono and divalent cations and Gpp(NH)p on the displacement of [3H]yohimbine binding to platelet membranes by adrenaline. Coupling to adenylate cyclase was also assessed in separate studies of the inhibition by adrenaline of PGE1 stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation in whole platelets. Both the formation of the ternary complex and the inhibition by adrenaline of cyclic AMP accumulation was not significantly different in platelets sensitive or insensitive to adrenaline. These results suggest that inhibition of cyclic AMP alone does not explain the mechanisms of adrenaline induced platelet aggregation.

Adenylyl Cyclases↗
PubMed1981

Clinical-angiographic correlation of ophthalmodynamometry in suspected carotid artery disease. Prospective study.

A prospective, clinical study of patients with suspected carotid artery disease compared the accuracy of compression and suction ophthalmodynamometry (ODM) with carotid artery stenosis determined by arteriography. Results were analyzed with respect to current criteria for classification and determination of "substantial" carotid artery disease. The best correlation for both procedures with arteriography was a ratio of the corrected intraocular pressure to the systolic brachial pressure. Both suction and compression ODM findings are equally accurate, with levels approaching 80%; however, neither test is sensitive enough to be used alone as a screening technique. Arteriography remains the best procedure for the determination of carotid artery disease.

Angiography↗
PubMed1981

Long-term follow-up of ocular histoplasmosis treated by argon laser photocoagulation.

Sixty-eight eyes in 67 patients with a histoplasmic neovascular membrane treated with Argon laser photocoagulation between 1972 and 1978 are reviewed. Factors affecting visual outcome and causes of visual failure are discussed. Twenty of 68 eyes (nearly 30%) experienced a recurrent or new SRNVM after initially successful treatment. Final evaluation of Argon laser photocoagulation for histoplasmic neovascular membrane must await the outcome of the Macular Photocoagulation Study.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Gastric neoplasm in the West of Ireland: an endoscopic survey.

The results of endoscopic examination, biopsy taken at endoscopy and cytology of brush smears and/or gastric lavage specimens in 100 patients with proven malignant gastric lesions are described. Overall, a correct pre-operative diagnosis was achieved in 98 cases. Endoscopic appearance was a more accurate criterion in cases of exophytic advanced carcinoma, malignant ulcer and lymphoma than in diffuse infiltrative carcinoma or in early carcinoma, where biopsy and cytology were more accurate. Nine per cent of neoplasms were malignant lymphomas, which is much higher than the usual reported incidence. Early carcinoma was found in 5% of cases. In spite of readily available facilities for endoscopic diagnosis, most cases of gastric neoplasm were already advanced at the time of examination.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Failure effects on outerdirectedness: a failure to replicate.

A replication was conducted of part of Turnure and Zigler's (1964) experiment in which they assessed whether outerdirectedness was a function of failure experiences. Thirty nonretarded and 30 retarded children, matched on MA, experienced either failure games administered with positive or negative comments followed by an imitative assessment task or received only the imitation task. The results did not support Zigler's hypothesis concerning the antecedents of outerdirectedness, as no short-term effects of failure were found. The findings refuted Turnure and Zigler's hypothesis that outerdirectedness is a function of situational social reinforcement. Differences in tasks presented, methods of analysis, and/or school populations may have contributed to the lack of correspondence with the Turnure and Zigler findings.

Achievement↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A survey of vision screening policy of preschool children in the United States.

A state-by-state survey regarding preschool vision screening guidelines, policies, and procedures was conducted. Currently 34 states provide vision screening guidelines and 15 states require vision screening of at least some of their preschool-aged children. The Department of Public Health administers the programs in 26 states, the Department of Education in 13. A wide range of professional and lay personnel conduct preschool vision screenings, and nurses participate in the screening process in 22 states. Visual acuity is assessed in 30 states, eye alignment in 24 states, refractive error in eight states, and color vision in 10 states. A combination of screening tests is recommended in 24 states. Currently, 45 states do not require screening of all preschool children. Thus, although laws, guidelines, and recommendations exist in most states, many preschool-age children do not have access to vision screening programs.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Physeal stapling for idiopathic genu valgum.

Adolescent idiopathic genu valgum may cause anterior knee pain, patellofemoral instability, circumduction gait, and difficulty running. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and discuss what we consider to be an ideal treatment protocol using hemiphyseal stapling. We reviewed 76 patients (152 knees) who underwent hemiphyseal stapling for idiopathic adolescent genu valgum and were followed up to maturity. Clinical evaluation included assessment of gait, limb length, alignment, and patellofemoral stability. Radiographic evaluation included measurement of the distal femoral angle (DFA), the anatomic femoral tibial angle (FTA), and the mechanical axis (MA) before stapling, at the time of staple removal, and at skeletal maturity. After stapling, we noted improvement in gait, clinical symptoms, and all radiographic parameters. Our conclusion is that adolescent genu valgum may cause significant symptoms including anterior knee pain and gait problems. Hemiphyseal stapling addresses the anatomic malalignment, alleviating symptoms while offering a high degree of patient satisfaction. It is safe and effective, with no premature physeal closures noted in our series. The procedure, which is well tolerated, obviates the need for corrective femoral osteotomies.

Adolescent↗